Search

ABSTRACT Aims Design Methods Results Conclusions Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To explore the impact of medical complexity, defined by the number of chronic conditions, on the complexity of care, as described by the frequency of nursing diagnoses (NDs) and nursing actions (NAs), in paediatric patients.Retrospective observational study.This study was conducted in an Italian university hospital and involved the analysis of electronic health records for neonatal and paediatric patients who were consecutively admitted from January to December 2022. The sample was classified into three categories—non‐chronic, single chronic and multimorbid patients—according to their clinical profiles. NDs recorded within the first 24 h from patient hospital admission and NAs performed throughout the hospital stay were counted for each group.Distinct variations in the prevalence and patterns of NDs and NAs were observed across different levels of medical complexity. A significant moderate positive correlation between the number of NDs and NAs was found. However, the frequency of NDs did not directly correlate with the number of chronic conditions. Conversely, a weak but significant negative correlation was identified between the quantity of NAs and the number of chronic conditions. While the frequency of NDs showed a stable but decreasing trend as the number of chronic conditions increased, a higher number of chronic conditions were associated with a lower quantity of NAs.We discovered a notable variation in the complexity of care across varying levels of medical complexity in paediatric patients. Our findings suggest that the complexity of care does not necessarily correspond to the degree of medical complexity. The observed negative relationship between the number of chronic conditions and the quantity of NAs underscores the need for further research to explore this unexpected finding and its implications for clinical practice.Without the adoption of standardised nursing terminologies, such as nursing diagnoses (NDs) and nursing actions (NAs), assessing the complexity of care in paediatric settings can be challenging. Integrating clinical nursing information systems that incorporate standardised NDs and NAs into electronic health records is crucial for accurately documenting and analysing the complexity of care and its relationship with medical complexity. In paediatric patients, the frequency of nursing diagnoses (NDs) at hospital admission is significantly associated with the quantity of nursing actions (NAs) delivered during hospitalisation. However, there is no correlation between the frequency of NDs and medical complexity, as defined by the number of chronic disorders. Specifically, the frequency of NDs decreases with increasing medical complexity, while the quantity of NAs is negatively associated with the number of chronic disorders. This indicates that the complexity of care cannot be inferred solely from medical complexity, and additional factors need to be explored. These findings enhance understanding of how complexity of care relates to medical complexity in paediatric patients. Insights into the prevalence and patterns of NDs and NAs can benefit nurses, managers, researchers and policymakers by informing clinical and organisational decision‐making to ensure high‐quality care. The study adhered to the RECORD Statement.Patients, service users, caregivers or public members were not directly involved in the design, conduct, analysis and interpretation of data or in writing this paper. Patients contributed only to data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To assess the quality of the nursing process in Romania by evaluating nursing documentations with the quality of diagnoses, interventions and outcomes (Q‐DIO) measurement instrument. Methods: A quantitative cross‐sectional research design was employed using probabilistic sampling to select nursing documentations from a Romanian university hospital. The data were analyzed using the Q‐DIO measurement instrument. Findings: Low quality levels of nursing process documentation were found. The Q‐DIO subscale "Nursing diagnoses as process" (assessment) revealed a mean = 1.36 (SD 0.52) of maximum 2. Nurses collected lots of data but did not use these to state nursing diagnoses. "Nursing diagnoses as product" showed inaccurate diagnoses; mean = 1.24 (SD 0.48) of maximum 4. Nursing interventions were planned and documented, but their impact on the etiology of nursing diagnoses was low; mean = 0.76 (SD 0.18). The quality of nursing outcomes mean was 0.57 (SD 0.29). Nurses failed making connections between nursing assessment, diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes, and standardized nursing languages (SNLs) were not used. Statistically significant differences were found among all Q‐DIO sub‐concepts except for "Nursing diagnoses as process." Conclusions: The documentation was structured but did not support the nursing process and its documentation, and SNLs were not implemented. There was an underutilization of data to state nursing diagnoses, and nursing interventions were mostly ineffective, leading to low nursing outcomes. Implications for nursing practice: This study provides new insights on the nursing process and its documentation in Romania and a baseline for future research. Policymakers, administrators, and educators should consider educating nurses to use standardized nursing languages and apply the Advanced Nursing Process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the current application status of NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) in cardiac rehabilitation nursing and identify useful NANDA‐I, NIC, and NOC (NNN) linkages for clinical nursing practitioners. Methods: This scoping review was performed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institut guidelines. We systematically searched eight databases, and the literature search took place between June and July 2023. The characteristics and results of the studies were synthesized and analyzed in a narrative way. Findings: The application of NANDA‐I nursing diagnosis, NIC and NOC in cardiac rehabilitation nursing can be divided into three topics: the content, value and effect of NANDA‐I nursing diagnosis, NIC and NOC. Conclusion: The application of NANDA‐I, NIC, and NOC in the field of cardiac rehabilitation nursing shows positive effects on the whole, which can provide more standardized theoretical guidance, improve nursing outcomes in clinical settings, and enhance nursing quality. Implications for nursing practice: This experience report will guide nurses to use NANDA‐I, NIC, and NOC for better cardiac rehabilitation care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to identify nursing diagnoses related to geriatric syndromes in elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the intensive care unit. Methods: this is a observational study, based on the medical records of 132 elderly patients aged 60 and over, diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to the intensive care unit. The diagnoses listed by the nurses were grouped using the NANDA-I nomenclature and into geriatric syndromes with a presentation of the domains, defining characteristics, and risk factors. Results: among the elderly there was a predominance of males, 76 (57.6%), mean age 72.9, and standard deviation 8.18. Among the geriatric syndromes, frailty had 11 related diagnoses and, postural instability and iatrogenesis had 7. The most frequent diagnoses were risk of infection 131(99.2%), risk of impaired skin integrity 125 (94.7%), impaired physical mobility 123 (93.2%), and self-care deficit for bathing and hygiene 122 (92.4%) Conclusion: it is essential to carry out a rigorous clinical assessment at the bedside and to assess the basic needs of the elderly, taking into account their frailties, to provide effective nursing care. Contributions to practice: the identification of the diagnoses grouped in the geriatric syndrome enables professionals to provide nursing care targeted at specific age groups.

Purpose: This study aims to identify NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses that midwives working in obstetrics and gynecologic service use while managing the electronic nursing care process. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a descriptive way to evaluate electronic care plan records of 3025 patients staying in obstetrics and gynecologic service between April 1, 2020. and April 1, 2021. Diagnoses in the records of the electronic care process were digitalized by two faculty members. Then, NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses used by midwives were identified. NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses used by midwives were identified. Findings: It was determined that diagnoses in care plans documented from the system within the 1‐year period fell into eight domains and 10 classes, and 5819 diagnoses were given in total. The most frequent diagnoses given in obstetrics and gynecologic service were "acute pain" and "risk for bleeding." Conclusion: Findings of this study revealed that nursing care records in obstetrics and gynecologic service did not have a large number of diagnoses and interventions. Implications for nursing practice: Care plans directly reflect the contribution of the care to the patient. Consequently, midwives being aware of and recording nursing diagnoses while giving care will ensure a standardized language and visibility in care. More coverage of midwifery‐related diagnoses in the midwifery curriculum will make NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses more visible in midwifery as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spontaneous ventilation, essential for human life, is addressed by the nursing diagnosis “Ineffective Spontaneous Ventilation” which requires strong scientific support. Aim: This revision study aimed to elevate this nursing diagnosis to a higher level of evidence by clarifying its definition, clinical indicators, and differentiation from other diagnoses. The diagnosis is crucial for identifying patients with compromised breathing who may require respiratory support. Methods: Researchers searched the PubMed medical literature database for studies (2006-2021) on the "Ineffective Spontaneous Ventilation" diagnosis. Results: The search identified 45 studies, but after applying pre-defined criteria, only 10 articles were included in the final analysis. These articles mainly focused on the accuracy of defining characteristics for the diagnosis. Despite limitations of individual defining characteristics, Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation remains a valuable nursing diagnosis for patients with respiratory issues. Utilizing clusters of these characteristics and considering the specific context can significantly enhance the accuracy of ISV diagnosis. Conclusion: The findings unequivocally corroborate the definition of Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation, with eight out of ten articles providing validation. Moreover, the analysis proposes additional defining characteristics, namely dyspnea and cyanosis, to further refine the diagnosis. The clinical applicability of Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation extends to a wide range of patient populations and conditions. It serves as a critical marker for premature infants grappling with respiratory and cardiac challenges, trauma victims battling life-threatening injuries, and patients relying on mechanical ventilation in intensive care settings.

Introduction: Nursing care, despite constituting a significant portion of healthcare costs, often remains overlooked in healthcare data systems, which primarily focus on medical data. Incorporating standardized nursing language (SNL) into electronic health records has shown promise in predicting outcomes across various clinical settings. However, nurses' unfamiliarity with standardized terminologies poses a significant barrier to their implementation. NANDA-International (NANDA-I) nursing diagnoses (NDs) offer a standardized framework, yet their application in mental health (MH) settings remains underexplored. Objectives: The MINDSET study aims to establish a consensus among mental health nurses to develop a subset of nursing diagnoses tailored for MH and addiction EHRs. Methods: A multi-phase e-Delphi study will involve mental health nurses experienced in NANDA-I NDs from various countries. Through successive rounds of surveys, experts will assess the relevance of NDs in MH settings, with consensus determining the final subset. Results: The expected outcome is a concise subset of nursing diagnoses agreed upon by experts, facilitating their integration into clinical practice. This subset may offer nurses a manageable set of diagnoses closely aligned with MH contexts, enhancing their applicability and utility in daily care. Subsequent research could explore the prevalence of these diagnoses in MH settings and their associations with patient outcomes. Impact: The development of a tailored subset of nursing diagnoses holds potential to enhance nursing practice in MH settings, enabling more effective assessment and intervention strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the key functional care problems, NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses, and intervention plans related to function‐focused care (FFC) using a web‐based case management system for patients who present different cognitive status. Methods: This study employed a retrospective descriptive research design. Data were obtained from system records on patients after the research team trained the case management system at a nursing home in Dangjin in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. A total of 119 inpatient records were analyzed. Results: The key physical, cognitive, and social functional problems, nursing diagnoses in six domains (health promotion, elimination and exchange, activity/rest, perception/cognition, coping/stress tolerance, and safety/protection), and intervention plans were identified. Conclusion: The identified FFC case management information of interdisciplinary caregivers will provide evidence for the implementation of effective interventions according to a patient's functional status. Additional studies related to the establishment of a large clinical database of advanced case management systems focusing on interdisciplinary caregivers' functional management are needed to support the prioritization of functional care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fenerbahce University Journal of Health Sciences (FBU-JOSH) / Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Fenerbahce University Journal of Health Sciences (FBU-JOSH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: In nursing practice, this concept has been identified in studies that address the nursing diagnosis of impaired spontaneous ventilation. Nursing performance facing this unwanted human response is considered essential for the maintenance and control of vital signs, cardiovascular monitoring, gas exchange and respiratory pattern, as well as constant surveillance aimed at signs of hypoventilation and inadequate ventilation. Objective: To analyze the concept of impaired spontaneous ventilation in critically ill patients in an intensive care unit. Methodology: This study is a concept analysis, according to Walker’s and Avant’s method, conducted using an integrative review. All the referential steps were followed: concept selection, determining the objectives and proposals for concept analysis, identifying the possible uses of the concept, determining the defining attributes, identifying a model case, identifying a contrary case, and identifying the precedents and consequences of the concept. Results: A sample of 38 studies was selected. The following were identified as attributes: distress and fatigue, respiratory distress, tachycardia, hemodynamic instability, altered mental status, abnormal arterial blood gas results, dyspnea, anxiety, agitation, sweating, hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Antecedents: sex, age, oxygen saturation lower than 90%, diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, and metabolic systems, respiratory infections, trauma, poisons, toxins, and sedatives. Consequences: increased heart rate, decreased partial oxygen saturation, increased use of respiratory muscles, dyspnea, increased metabolic rate and restlessness. The model case and the contrary case were used to illustrate the attributes, antecedents, and consequences. Conclusion: The study directed the strengthening of evidence about the phenomenon and demonstrated a strong occurrence in patients who need assistance in intensive care units, thus demanding critical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The basic quality of nursing practice is being compassionate. This quality is one of the significant functions of the nursing profession. The nursing process manages the sick population holistically encompassing all domains such as socio-cultural, psychological, economic, and spiritual. It augments critical thinking too. The nursing process is also viewed from a resolution perspective. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the student nurses’ opinions on nursing diagnosis, to assess the level of perception of nursing diagnosis among student nurses, and to find the association between the level of perception of nursing diagnosis among student nurses with selected demographic variables. Methodology: A descriptive study to evaluate the nursing students’ perception of nursing diagnoses was conducted. Permission for the study was obtained from the institutional research advisory committee. The sample population of the study consists of all students studying in the second, third, and fourth-year BSc, second and third-year GNM. Permission letters were sent to about 150 nursing colleges across India out of which, 90 colleges consented to participate in this study. A Google Form was prepared and shared. The total number of students who completed the forms was 5,532. The tool consists of two sections. Section A contains demographic variables and section B encompasses the Nursing Diagnosis Perception Scale (NDPS), a standardized instrument. It is a five-point Likert scale with 26 items and 4 subscales. The scores are calculated from 5 as ‘I completely agree’ to 1 as ‘I completely disagree’. Results: The results of the study demonstrated that 52% of respondents were familiar with nursing diagnosis before nursing education, 87.3% were competent enough to make a diagnosis, 95.1% opined that NANDA-I nursing diagnosis is necessary, 95.5% believed that nursing diagnosis produced a correct, planned and systematized care, 94.8% believed that nursing diagnoses increase patients’ quality of life, majority 41% reported that nursing diagnosis is the difficult step in the nursing process, and 38.2% of students reported that they use the diagnostic label of ‘infection risk’ frequently. The overall mean perception of the nursing students related to nursing diagnoses ranged from 1.93-2.33 and the median was 2. There significant association found between perception of nursing students and program and nursing profession. Conclusion: The student nurses’ perception of nursing diagnoses was moderate to positive. A positive level of perception indicates that the patient would receive high-quality care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nővér is the property of Chamber of Hungarian Health Care Professionals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SCENARIO: Official Italian Journal of ANIARTI is the property of ANIARTI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of University of Health Sciences Journal of Nursing is the property of Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To describe nursing care of COVID‐19 patients with International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) 2019, ICNP 2021 reference set, and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine–Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT). Background: From the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, nurses have realised the importance of documenting nursing care. Introduction: It is important to recognise how real nursing data match the ICNP reference set in SNOMED CT as that is the terminology to be used in Iceland. Methods: A descriptive study with two methods: (a) statistical analysis of demographic and coded clinical data identified and retrieved from Electronic Health Record (EHR) and (b) mapping of documented nursing diagnoses and interventions in EHRs into ICNP 2019, ICNP 2021 and SNOMED CT 2021. Results: The sample consisted of all (n = 91) adult COVID‐19 patients admitted to the National University Hospital between 28 February and 30 June 2020. Nurses used 62 different diagnoses and 79 interventions to document nursing care. Diagnoses and interventions were best represented by SNOMED CT (85.4%; 100%), then by ICNP 2019 version (79.2%; 85%) and least by the ICNP 2021 reference set (70.8; 83.3%). Ten nursing diagnoses did not have a match in the ICNP 2021 reference set. Discussion: Nurses need to keep up with the development of ICNP and submit to ICN new terms and concepts deemed necessary for nursing practice for inclusion in ICNP and SNOMED CT. Conclusion: Not all concepts in ICNP 2019 for COVID‐19 patients were found to have equivalence in ICNP 2021. SNOMED CT–preferred terms cover the description of COVID‐19 patients better than the ICNP 2021 reference set in SNOMED CT. Implications for nursing and health policy: Through the use of ICNP, nurses can articulate the unique contribution made by the profession and make visible the specific role of nursing worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In electronic health records (EHRs), standardized nursing terminologies (SNTs), such as nursing diagnoses (NDs), are needed to demonstrate the impact of nursing care on patient outcomes. Unfortunately, the use of NDs is not common in clinical practice, especially in surgical settings, and is rarely included in EHRs. Objective(s): The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence and trend of NDs in a hospital surgical setting by also analyzing the relationship between NDs and hospital outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. All adult inpatients consecutively admitted to one of the 15 surgical inpatient units of an Italian university hospital across 1 year were included. Data, including the Professional Assessment Instrument and the Hospital Discharge Register, were collected retrospectively from the hospital's EHRs. Results: The sample included 5,027 surgical inpatients. There was a mean of 6.3 ± 4.3 NDs per patient. The average distribution of NDs showed a stable trend throughout the year. The most representative NANDA-I ND domain was safety/protection. The total number of NDs on admission was significantly higher for patient whose length of stay was longer. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the number of NDs on admission and the number of intra-hospital patient transfers. Additionally, the mean number of NDs on admission was higher for patients who were later transferred to an intensive care unit compared to those who were not transferred. Conclusion: NDs represent the key to understanding the contribution of nurses in the surgical setting. NDs collected upon admission can represent a prognostic factor related to the hospital's key outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In nursing practice, this concept has been identified in studies that address the nursing diagnosis of impaired spontaneous ventilation. Nursing performance facing this unwanted human response is considered essential for the maintenance and control of vital signs, cardiovascular monitoring, gas exchange and respiratory pattern, as well as constant surveillance aimed at signs of hypoventilation and inadequate ventilation. Objective: To analyze the concept of impaired spontaneous ventilation in critically ill patients in an intensive care unit. Methodology: This study is a concept analysis, according to Walker’s and Avant’s method, conducted using an integrative review. All the referential steps were followed: concept selection, determining the objectives and proposals for concept analysis, identifying the possible uses of the concept, determining the defining attributes, identifying a model case, identifying a contrary case, and identifying the precedents and consequences of the concept. Results: A sample of 38 studies was selected. The following were identified as attributes: distress and fatigue, respiratory distress, tachycardia, hemodynamic instability, altered mental status, abnormal arterial blood gas results, dyspnea, anxiety, agitation, sweating, hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Antecedents: sex, age, oxygen saturation lower than 90%, diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, and metabolic systems, respiratory infections, trauma, poisons, toxins, and sedatives. Consequences: increased heart rate, decreased partial oxygen saturation, increased use of respiratory muscles, dyspnea, increased metabolic rate and restlessness. The model case and the contrary case were used to illustrate the attributes, antecedents, and consequences. Conclusion: The study directed the strengthening of evidence about the phenomenon and demonstrated a strong occurrence in patients who need assistance in intensive care units, thus demanding critical care.

Aim: The aim of the paper is to compare the quality of nursing documentation in the Children's Hospital before and after the NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses training. Methods: Research employed the interventional study design, and pre–post study design. Before and after the NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses training, 50 nursing records were analyzed in the interventional pre–post study, using D‐Catch instrument. Results: The most often documented problem‐centered nursing diagnosis before training was anxiety and after the training, hyperthermia. The most common risk diagnoses before and after the training was risk of infection. Before the training, one health promotion diagnosis was determined in the nursing records, and after the training the number increased to four. The highest value was given to readability of the nursing documentation both before and after the training. The lowest score before the training was given to the quality determiners of the accurate nursing diagnoses and after the training given to the determiners of the results' quantity. The sum score of documenting the nursing interventions was the most inconsistent before the training and after the training. The most consistent was the readability of the nursing records before and after the training. Statistically significant differences in the improvement of quality were revealed in all areas except for the readability of the nursing documentation and the quantity of nursing assessment. Conclusions: The results of the study revealed that following the training, the quality of nursing documentation improved, the wording of the nursing diagnoses improved, and the number of accurate nursing diagnoses had increased. Implications for Nursing Practice: Results of the research provide an overview of the importance of the training in improving the quality of nursing documentation and aid the educators in planning the trainings, focusing more on the challenges in the documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To identify the nursing diagnoses in people with diabetes mellitus who participated in an educational program about the disease.Method:This is an explo rator y-des cript ive research, with a quantitative approach, through the study of multiple cases, in a sample of 18 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the form of an individual interview, each participant responded to the data collection instruments, before the beginning and after the end of the program, in addition to having their feet and shoes evaluated and their weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index, as well as the capillary blood glucose. For the identification of nursing diagnoses, data from the final assessment were considered.Results:Twelve nursing diagnoses and five domains were identified, with a variation between two and nine diagnoses per participant and a mean of 5.4. The health promotion diagnoses and the nutrition and safety/protection domains stand out.Conclusion:The identification of care needs, through the nursing diagnoses, will allow the search for new strategies for the design of other educational and clinical monitoring programs, in order to maintain and/or maximize motivation and engagement in healthy behaviors, with a view to effective diabetes mellitus control and improving quality of life.

Introduction: Identifying a nursing diagnosis to support women victims of violence is challenging for nurses. Objective: To identify clinical indicators related to the nursing diagnosis Post‐trauma syndrome in women victims of violence. Methods: A systematic review to estimate diagnostic accuracy indices was conducted. The review was registered on the Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews approved with the register CDR42020222474. Results: Twelve clinical indicators were investigated: depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol abuse, stress overload, illicit drug use, body image disorder, paranoid ideation, hostility, somatic symptoms, insomnia, binge eating, and obesity. The six articles included in the quantitative synthesis provided four clinical indicators feasible for statistical analysis: depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, somatic symptoms, and stress overload. Conclusion: The study addresses the need for refinements in the nursing diagnoses related to violence against women. The identification of the nursing diagnosis Post‐trauma syndrome in nursing practice enables the development of standardized and effective care plans for women victimized by violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: technologies are an integral part of health work, as they contribute to the construction of knowledge from the origin of the idea, through its development and reaching the implementation of knowledge. The association between technology and education becomes increasingly inherent to the restructuring of the current teachinglearning process, enabling new digital means of accessing information and knowledge to modify and improve the molds of globalized culture. Objective: to identify technologies that contribute to the development of clinical reasoning in the elaboration of nursing diagnoses in national and international publications. Method: integrative literature review, carried out in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), in the Theses and Dissertations Catalog of the Portal for the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), in the CAPES periodicals Portal; Pubmed and in the Scopus database with studies published between 2002 and 2020, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Results: two articles, one thesis and two doctoral and academic master's dissertations were analyzed, in which the technologies used in the elaboration of Nursing Diagnoses were an Information System of the record type, computer software and an internet platform, a course with a learning approach based on in problems and decision trees to aid in diagnostic determination. The results showed limitations in the development of technologies for nurses' clinical reasoning. Final considerations: the study reveals challenges related to the development of technologies, which innovate the usual practice of nursing, whether in management, care, teaching, research and extension, indicating that publications on this topic are incipient, and technologies allow the development and construction of the knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermería en Cardiologia is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Enfermeria en Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Describe the needs and nursing diagnosis of expectant mothers with depression. Materials and method: Descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study. The convenience non-probabilistic sampling was made with 55 expectant mothers, hospitalized between Janu-ary 2013 and December 2018. The information was collected through the application of two questionnaires: the first was built considering the objectives and the operationalization of the variables related to the demographic, obstetrics, and psychiatric information; the second one with the care needs, taken from the M. Gordon’s assessment guideline and symptomatology rom DSM-5. Absolute and relative frequencies were extracted from the qualitative variables, median and IQR for age. Results: The most frequent nursing diagnoses were the following: deterioration of mood regulation 67.3%; suicide risk 56.4%; hopelessness 52.7%; acute pain 50.9%; insomnia 50.9%. The most frequent care needs were: mood swings 67.3%; suicidal behavior 56.4%; negative perspective of one-self and the future 52.7%; pain 50.9%. Conclu-sions: According to alteration patterns, care needs and the diagnoses, the mental component was the most affected health component for these women; it was found that the patients have a high tendency of drug consumption, unwillingness to take the psychiatric treatment and more attitudes related to: suicidal behavior, hopelessness, a negative perspective of the fu-ture, and pain, showing that depression is highly present in expectant mothers

The study was planned to determine the most common nursing diagnoses according to NANDA International (NANDA-1) taxonomy and difficulties experienced in using of nursing process in COVID-19 outbreak. The sample of the descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of nurses cared for patients with COVID-19 (n= 114). Average age of nurses is 26.86 ± 6.68. Commonly determined nursing diagnoses according to NANDA-1 taxonomy in patients with COVID-19 were imbalanced nutrition (66.7%), impaired gas exchange (40.4%), insomnia (21.1%), acute confusion (31.6%), hopelessness (96.5%), difficulty playing caregiver (84.2%), anxiety (38.6%) willingness to strengthen religious bond (71.9%), risk for infection (64.9%), nausea (49.1%). Twenty-four-years old and younger, high school graduates, caring for intubated patients, and those who stated that they did not use nursing diagnosis had more difficulty in using nursing process (<0.05). The use of nursing diagnoses and process for patients with COVID-19 is extremely important in ensuring individual and qualified nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease of the small intestine that occurs after ingesting foods that contain gluten. In hypersensitive people, gluten from food triggers immune reactions and leads to irritation, inflammation and atrophy of the small intestinal mucosa with consequent malabsorption of nutrients. The only proven treatment for celiac disease is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. By following a diet, it is possible to effectively control the disease and preserve the quality of life. However, if the condition worsens, health professionals must ensure adequate nutrition during their stay in the hospital, and treatment in accordance with the identified needs. This paper presents the specifics of determining the need for care in patients with celiac disease (nursing history, determination of nutritional status and elimination data). Then, we considered the most common problems in the field of nursing care such as: knowledge deficit, diarrhea and vomiting, high risk of dehydration, malnutrition, risk of inadequate thermoregulation and inefficient health maintenance. Nursing interventions are also presented in order to solve these problems, during the hospital treatment of patients with celiac disease.

Aims: The aim of this study is to verify the clinical validity of clinical indicators and aetiological factors of sedentary lifestyle in individuals with arterial hypertension. Background: Diagnostic validation is performed to expand nursing taxonomies and to revise or confirm the described concepts. New elements listed in the literature and those identified by the NANDA International definition for sedentary lifestyle need to be evaluated. Design: This is a cross‐sectional and diagnostic validation study. The STROBE guidelines were used in this study. Methods: Two hundred and fifty subjects aged over 18 years were evaluated. The diagnostic status of the participants was obtained by latent class analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify aetiological factors with the manifestation of sedentary lifestyle, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 57.8% of the study participants met the diagnostic criteria for sedentary lifestyle. The clinical indicators with high sensitivity were as follows: "Average daily physical activity is less than recommended for gender and age"; "Does not perform physical activity during leisure time"; "Preference for activity low in physical activity" and "Overweight." The significantly related factors associated with the diagnosis of sedentary lifestyle were as follows: "Insufficient knowledge on physical activity," "Lack of time," "Negative self‐perception of health," "Lack of security," "Lack of appropriate place," "Lack of motivation," "Activity intolerance," "Lack of sports ability," "Having a partner," "Using public transportation," "Perception of physical disability," "Pain," "Having a job/studying," "Laziness," "Impaired mobility," "Living in an urban area," "Education in a public institution," "Female gender," "Lack of confidence to practice physical exercise," "Education level," "Age" and "Lack of social support for the practice of physical exercise." Conclusion: Four out of eight clinical indicators had a good adjustment by the latent class analysis. Of the 27 aetiological factors, 22 were significantly associated with sedentary lifestyle. Relevance to practice: The correct identification of sedentary lifestyle and its elements supports care planning, especially for health promotion and disease prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: Proper recording of the nursing report indicates the nurse’s optimal clinical performance and compliance with the standards. Nanda Nursing Diagnosis is one of the most important and widely used international standard terms for recording nursing care. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of compliance and frequency of nursing diagnoses registered in the pediatric oncology department with the statements of nursing diagnoses of the Nanda classification system. Methods & Materials: In this descriptive study, the nursing reports recorded in the files of children hospitalized in the pediatric oncology wards of two hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the first quarter of 2016, were reviewed. Sampling was done by the census method for 3 consecutive months. Overall, 86 files and 3701 nursing reports were reviewed. Nurseschr('39') documentation was analyzed through the manifest content analysis. The obtained expressions were adapted to the nursing diagnoses of the Nanda classification system and the degree of adaptation and frequency of nursing diagnoses were determined. Results: The overall compliance between the diagnoses extracted from the nursing reports and the Nanda nursing diagnoses was 14.7%. The most frequent nursing diagnoses were diagnoses related to safety/protection classification with a frequency of 47.95%, followed by diagnoses related to nutrition classification with a frequency of 24.42% and finally a frequency of 12.8% for nursing diagnoses related to comfort classification. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated the low levels of compliance with the Nanda nursing diagnoses and nursing process in the nursing reports. Therefore, practical training is suggested to increase nurseschr('39') knowledge and motivation to apply Nanda nursing diagnoses.

Although nursing terminologies and classifications represent nursing knowledge across diverse clinical areas, end‐of‐life care seems under represented in many aspects of these instruments. NANDA‐ I is an international nursing diagnostic classification widely used in nursing education and research. This taxonomy is based on seven axes, including the axis of time. In this commentary we bring discussion to the need to update nursing terminology by including the term end‐of‐life in the time axis of NANDA‐I. After describing the epidemiologic aspects of end‐of‐life care and discussing the relevant nursing role, we discuss patients' and family's human responses towards the end‐of‐life time and circumstance, which are central to defining nursing diagnoses. End‐of‐life care is one priority in health care, and nursing diagnoses should represent that situation as well. This paper focuses on a specific and international nursing diagnosis classification, NANDA‐I, which lacks an end‐of‐life component to its time axis for defining labels of nursing diagnoses. Attending to the importance of classifications in clinical reasoning, nursing diagnoses could better represent responses towards this health condition, opening new opportunities for increasing nursing roles in clinical practice, and also for new studies aiming to validate nursing diagnoses, and promoting an evidence‐based practice by including end‐of‐life in the axis time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: (1) To identify and analyse diagnoses documented by nurses in Portugal within the scope of universal self‐care requisites; (2) to determine the main problems with nursing diagnoses syntaxes for semantic interoperability purposes; and (3) to suggest unified nursing diagnoses syntaxes within the scope of universal self‐care requisites. Background/Introduction: Ageing societies and the increase in chronic diseases have led to significant concern regarding individuals' dependence to ensure self‐care. ICNP is widely used by Portuguese nurses in electronic health records for documentation of nursing diagnoses and interventions. Methods: A qualitative study using inductive content analysis and focus group: 1. nursing e‐documentation content analysis and 2. focus group to explore implicit criteria or insights from content analysis results. Results: From a corpus of analysis with 1793 nursing diagnoses, 432 nursing diagnoses centred on universal self‐care requisites emerged from the content analysis. One hundred ten nursing diagnoses resulted from the application of new encoding criteria that emerged after a focus group meeting. Conclusion: Results reveal that nursing diagnoses related to universal self‐care requisites can emphasize the impairment or potentialities of the individuals performing self‐care. It also shows a lack of consensus on nominating the nursing diagnoses of people with a deficit in universal self‐care requisites, resulting in different diagnoses to express the same needs. Implications for nursing practice: Representation of most relevant nursing diagnoses within the scope of universal self‐care requisites. Implications for health policy: Incorporating standardized language into electronic health records is not enough for improving quality and continuity of care and semantic interoperability achievement. Electronic health records need to work with a nursing ontology in the backend to meet these requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a mid-range theory for nursing diagnosis ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion in patients with diabetic foot. Method: the theory construction was carried out in six stages: approach definition; theoretical-conceptual model definition; definition of the main concepts; pictogram development; construction of propositions and establishment of causal relationships evidence for practice. Results: twelve etiological factors and 22 clinical indicators were included in the theory, some of which were not listed in NANDA International (Inc.) and others were adapted to better characterize patients with diabetic foot. A pictogram was constructed and eight propositions were established to verify causal relationships and evidence for practice. Conclusion: medium-range theory made it possible to broaden the concepts and demonstrate the causal relationships between the elements of ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion, providing subsidies to minimize gaps in knowledge and assist clinical nursing practice.

Copyright of Enfermería en Cardiologia is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Enfermeria en Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVES: To discuss priorities and possibilities for promoting international collaboration and new research evidence on NANDA International, Inc. (NANDA‐I). METHODS: Theoretical reflection article based on the literature and the authors' opinions on the subject matter, carried out by six research nurses. CONCLUSIONS: International research collaboration for NANDA‐I allows the improvement of research production in an actual clinical setting, especially with multicenter and validation studies, conducted by researchers from different countries. This provides for improved understanding of patients' experiences and may help to produce robust scientific evidence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING KNOWLEDGE: The generation of new evidence may lead to an increase in NANDA‐I visibility and in nurses' understanding of its meaning for clinical practice and for the formulation of diagnostic hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the most frequent clinical signs and symptoms and nursing diagnoses in patients in the immediate postoperative period of bariatric surgery. Methods: Observational study. Data collection was performed by two examiners and included epidemiological, social, clinical and physical examination. The presence and frequency of clinical signs and symptoms were recorded and led to the development of nursing diagnoses, according to the NANDA-I taxonomy 2018-2020. Results: 50 patients participated, being predominantly female, aged between 30-39 years and monthly income of 1.0 to 1.5 salaries. 80% of patients report having a family history of obesity. The 16 most frequent clinical signs and symptoms and the 16 nursing diagnoses were raised, with emphasis on the diagnostic titles: risks of infection and dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility. Conclusion: The present study identified the most frequent nursing signs and symptoms and also nursing diagnoses of patients in the immediate postoperative period of bariatric surgery, in addition to surveying important sociodemographic, epidemiological and clinical history data. These findings favor the implementation of the nursing process by facilitating the nurse's diagnostic reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute Myocardial Infarction is one of the most prevalent health/disease conditions in urgent and emergency care, making it necessary to know the responses of each individual and their main existing nursing diagnoses. This study aims to identify a profile of nursing diagnoses present in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction treated at the urgency/emergency. This is a descriptive study, operationalized from an integrative literature review. Data collection was performed in June 2019 obtained 11 articles, tracing 12 nursing diagnoses, based on 20 identified signs and symptoms. It was concluded that patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction have several nursing diagnoses, mainly related to physiological processes, respiratory system, cardiovascular, hydration, and psychological, and the nurse should pay attention to these aspects, subsidizing holistic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a global health challenge, with 39% of the adult population considered overweight and 13% considered obese as measured in 2016 (World Health Organization (WHO), 2018). The obesity rate in Bermuda was 34.4% in 2014. It is associated with many comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal disorders and cancer (Bernews, 2017). In the United States, recent efforts have been made to provide the public with clearer information (kilocalories, portion size, salt, sugar and fat content) of the nutritional qualities of fast food and in restaurants. Bermuda residents are lacking nutritional information on locally produced foods and in restaurants and thus are unable to make informed food choices. The addition of nutritional labelling and caloric details to locally-produced bakery foods and on restaurant menus (including take-away food) could be beneficial. Consequentially, there are potential opportunities for Health Promotion by healthcare professionals. Nursing diagnoses may provide patient-centred guidance for positive changes in food choices and nutrition that reduce the risk of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To verify the accuracy of the nursing diagnosis, decreased cardiac tissue perfusion, in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: Clinical validation consisted of evaluation by 75 participants. Sensitivity and specificity measurements were performed by means of latent class analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of the diagnosis was 64.5%. Nausea, dizziness, and vomiting were sensitive and specific; altered heart rate was specific. CONCLUSION: Four indicators were accurate for the nursing diagnosis. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Accurate defining characteristics contribute to reliable and precise assessment and enable nurses to diagnose and intervene in the outcome of the patient's clinical condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To elucidate six diagnostic concepts related to urinary incontinence (UI). METHODS: Eight out of nine steps of the simultaneous concept analysis (SCA) method were used to elucidate six diagnostic concepts related to UI proposed by NANDA International. FINDINGS: Individual concepts of each diagnosis were elucidated, including antecedents, outcomes, associated conditions, and risk populations, and the interrelations among these concepts were identified, comparing them to those already present in the current NANDA‐I taxonomy. The overflow UI was excluded, and were included mixed and transient UI diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: SCA enabled identifying similar characteristics and factors exclusive to the revised nursing diagnoses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: To support for clinical reasoning to identify properly the types of UI. OBJETIVO: Elucidar seis conceitos diagnósticos relacionados à incontinência urinária. MÉTODOS: Oito das nove etapas do método de análise simultânea de conceitos foram utilizadas para elucidar seis conceitos diagnósticos relacionados à incontinência urinária propostos pela NANDA International. RESULTADOS: Conceitos individuais de cada diagnóstico foram elucidados, incluindo antecedentes, consequentes, condições associadas e populações em risco, e as inter‐relações entre esses conceitos foram identificadas, comparando‐as com aquelas já presentes na atual taxonomia da NANDA‐I. A incontinência urinária por transbordamento foi excluída e foram incluídos os diagnósticos de incontinência urinária mista e incontinência urinária transitória. CONCLUSÕES: A análise simultânea de conceitos permitiu identificar características e fatores semelhantes exclusivos aos diagnósticos de enfermagem revisados. IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM: Apoiar o raciocínio clínico para identificar adequadamente os tipos de incontinência urinária. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient-care data from the electronic health record systems are increasingly in demand for re-use in administration and resource planning. Nursing documentation with coded concepts is expected to produce more reliable data, fulfilling better requirements for re-use. The aim was to ascertain what kind of relation exist between coded nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, and nursing intensity and to discuss the possibilities for re-using nursing data for workload design. We analysed the retrospective nursing records of 794 patients documented by the Finnish Care Classification and nursing intensity data assessed by the Oulu Patient Classification over a 15-day period in nine inpatient units at a university hospital. Using the generalised linear mixed model, the clear relationship between the number of coded nursing notes and nursing intensity levels were ascertained. The number of coded nursing notes increases when the nursing intensity increases. The outcomes construct a good basis for continuing elaboration of electronic health record data re-use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The quality of nursing care is related to the execution of the nursing process, which should be properly documented. In this context, there is an evident need to implement electronic health records with the use of standardized languages. OBJECTIVE: To implement electronic records related to nursing diagnoses in a computerized health management system. METHODOLOGY: The project followed four stages, based on the plan‐do‐check‐act tool. This tool guided the activities to be carried out in the axes: planning, execution of activities, evaluation, and action. The activities performed included: registration of nursing diagnoses and related factors, as well as the association of these in the Tasy software, test execution, and applicability assessment. RESULTS: We included 229 nursing diagnoses and these were associated with 1,664 related factors, a decision tree with 436 defining characteristics was also constructed, which allows the software to suggest nursing diagnoses according to the related signs and symptoms. CONCLUSION: The practical consolidation of the steps of the nursing process was verified as well as the possibility of nurses assessing the patients by way of a clinical reasoning and decision making in coherence with the human needs of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To develop a nursing care instrument to guide the care of children and adolescents with cancer in palliative care in the Pediatric Oncology Intensive Care Center. Methodology: Methodological research, whose scenario was a federal unit specialized in cancer treatment, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nursing records were analyzed in the medical records of children and adolescents, for the elaboration of a care instrument containing nursing history, based on the four dimensions of palliative care, diagnoses, interventions and their expected results. Results: an instrument was elaborated according to the Nursing Process, containing a history in addition to the NANDA-I-NIC-NOC link. Conclusion: this instrument aims to serve as a basis for nurses to perform the nursing process for children and adolescents in palliative care admitted to the Pediatric Oncology Intensive Care Center, as it is scientifically proven to be effective in improving the quality of nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To determine nursing diagnoses in people with a digestive stoma and their relationship with sociodemographic and clinical variables. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 102 subjects in the General Surgery Unit of a first-level hospital (Granada, Spain) was conducted. Data were collected on the presence of nursing diagnoses, sociodemographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: NANDA-I: “Deficient knowledge (00126)” and “Readiness for enhanced health management (00162)” were present in the entire sample studied. The period of care (postoperative vs. follow-up) was the most common significant variable among diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: This work contributes to the determination of NANDA-I diagnoses in people with digestive stomas. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The results provide a guide to help nursing professionals develop individual care plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, oral cancer is a major social problem, no less than other cancers. The surgical removal of lesions is the method of choice. The patients suffer from many psychological and physical problems after surgery. Their appearance and speech are significantly changed. The aim of this work was to present methods of nursing care for patients after surgery to remove cancer of the floor of the mouth, based on a case study. Thanks to accurate nursing diagnoses and the use of nursing interventions, the patient's condition improved both physically and psychiatric, more willingly cooperates with a therapeutic team, which in effect significantly affects his convalescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE is the property of Revista de Enfermagem UFPE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Psychiatric Intensive Treatment Facilities (PITF) are health inpatient settings for patients affected by sub-acute psychiatric disorders with impaired personal and social functioning. The aim of this study is to analyse the demographic and clinical variables related to long-stays in an Italian PITF in order to highlight the risk factors for stay lengthening. We retrospectively collected the selected variables from all patients and their stays in a PITF from 1 to 11-2016 to 31-10-2017. We divided the stays according to the median of duration, ≤29 and > 29 days, to compare selected variables in the two groups of stay length. Patients hospitalized for >29 days more frequently presented "Self-neglect", nursing diagnosis NANDA-I, and needed economic social service support. Multiple linear regression revealed that the presence of some variables as "many medical consultations", "economic social service support", "clinical interviews extended to institutional figures" were statistically significantly associated with an increased stay duration, suggesting that both clinical severity and difficult economic conditions were associated with the lengthening of stay. The knowledge of these factors can contribute to improve psychiatric treatments, reducing potential risk conditions for patient institutional dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a framework for determining the qualifications of the registered nurse (RN) to make opinions regarding treatment recommendations in the development of a life care plan. A brief history of nursing and the current definition of nursing is provided. Education for the undergraduate prepared RN, graduate prepared masters or doctorate nurse, and advance practice nurse is discussed. Practice parameters including licensure, the Nurse Practice Act, scope of practice, standards of practice, standards of performance, code of ethics, and nursing diagnoses are reviewed. A decision-making framework is outlined to assist in evaluating whether nursing actions are within of the scope of nursing practice. Experience obtained through specialty roles, credentialing, and work experience are recognized as additional foundations of expertise. All these factors must be taken into consideration when evaluating whether the RN is qualified to opine in any area or category of a life care plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)