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Introduction Low birth weight is one of the important predictors of perinatal survival, infant morbidity, and mortality, as well as the risk of developmental disabilities and diseases in the future. Objective(s) The study aimed to identify the associated factors of low birth weight among newborns at Debre Tabor referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2021 to October 30, 2021 at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital. A total sample of 420 newborn birth records was considered. The binary logistic regression model was used to assess the associated factors of low birth weight. The results are presented as crude odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results In this study, 422 participants were included. Rural residence (AOR = 2.01; 95%CI 1.10–3.69), married marital status (AOR = 0.82; 95%CI 0.78–0.86), formal education (AOR = 0.79; 95%CI 0.67–0.92), smoking during pregnancy (AOR = 1.19; 95%CI 1.07–1.33), attended antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR = 0.57; 95%CI 0.35–0.91), diabetes during pregnancy (AOR = 4.34; 95%CI 3.50–5.39), iron supplementation (AOR = 0.23; 95%CI 0.20–0.25), and maternal history of anemia (AOR = 5.87; 95%CI 2.67–12.89) were significantly associated with low birth weight of newborns. Conclusion This finding showed that residence, marital status, educational status, smoking during pregnancy, ANC visit, diabetes during pregnancy, iron supplementation, and mother's history of anemia were significantly associated with low birth weight. Therefore, policy makers and public health experts/practitioners should plan smoking preventive public health promotion campaigns. Furthermore, it is important that all health professionals properly manage the possible cause of LBW during pregnancy.

Background Postnatal care (PNC) is critical for both the mother and the infant to treat delivery complications and provide the mother with important information on caring for herself and her baby. However, only 17% of women and 13% of newborns in Ethiopia received a postnatal checkup within the first two days of birth. This figure is significantly lower than the least developed countries. This study aimed to assess the coverage and associated factors of PNC service utilization in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Method A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to May 2021. The data were gathered using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. A total of 434 women who gave birth within 2 years of the study were included in the analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with PNC service utilization. Result The prevalence of women who used PNC services was 36.4%. The study showed that antenatal care visit, husbands who have a secondary education, women with a secondary education, daily laborer women, husbands working for the government or non-profit sector, delivered in a health institution, nearby hospitals, travel by car to the nearest health facility were positively associated with PNC utilization. While, not having a cell phone, rural women and not having road access to a health facility, have not been receiving counseling were negatively associated with PNC utilization. Conclusion The coverage of PNC service utilization in the study area was extremely low. Therefore, government and health care departments should pay special attention to uneducated women, women in rural areas, and women who are unemployed, are not exposed to mass media, and do not have access to transportation to improve PNC service utilization. Furthermore, programs educating mothers on the benefits of antenatal checkups and safer places of childbirth should be considered to increase PNC service utilization.

Background Leprosy not only brings about bodily incapacity but also creates a nasty image of affected individuals, triggering discrimination and social stigma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of leprosy disability in patients registered at the All African TB and Leprosy Rehabilitation and Training Center. Methods The study consists of 205 leprosy patients who were undergoing treatment at the All African TB and Leprosy Rehabilitation and Training Center from January 2015 to December 2019. Regional states of the patients were used as a clustering effect in the multilevel logistic regression model. Results In total, 205 (66.3%) completed records revealed patients with leprosy were disabled. Among these, 64.88% of them were males. In multilevel binary logistic regression analysis, the individual-level variables, such as median age (AOR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.043, 1.13) of patients, patients with duration of symptom [7–12 months (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.50, 3.39), 13–24 months (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.44, 3.15), and more than 24 months (AOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.8, 4.02)], the absence of sensory loss (AOR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96), and patients with asymmetry lesion distribution (AOR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.85), were the most significant determinant factors of disability. The default leprosy patient (AOR = 15.53; 95% CI: 1.82, 134.96) and new leprosy patient (AOR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.33, 1.68) were the significant determinant factors of disability due to leprosy patients. Conclusion An individual-level factor on the risk of disability was higher as age increased and for patients with a longer duration of symptoms. The risk of disability was lower for patients who do not lose their sensation and for patients whose lesion distribution is asymmetrical. The community-level factor, patient categories, was also a significant factor in disability due to leprosy. Furthermore, programs should emphasize raising community awareness, focusing on key messages and early case detection campaigns, such as active surveys, as well as the availability of leprosy care in a public health facility.