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Objetivo: Interpretar las creencias de susceptibilidad percibida entre la condición de embarazo y las enfermedades bucodentales por mujeres gestantes de la ciudad de Montería en el Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque microetnográfico, cuyos resultados se obtuvieron mediante la observación y las entrevistas a profundidad que fueron aplicadas a 21 gestantes adscritas a un hogar comunitario la comuna cuatro de la ciudad de Montería, Córdoba, 2019, seleccionadas por conveniencia. La información se recolectó durante el I semestre del 2019, y se organizó a partir de la dimensión del Modelo de Creencias en Salud: susceptibilidad percibida; el análisis se realizó bajo los parámetros de la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: La creencia de susceptibilidad que predominó entre las gestantes fue que en el periodo de embarazo las enfermedades bucales son normales y que su origen obedecía a la succión del calcio a la madre por parte del bebé para su crecimiento. Conclusión: Las creencias que poseen las gestantes actúan como barreras frente a la adopción de comportamientos saludables y de su permanencia en programas de promoción de la salud oral y prevención de las enfermedades bucodentales.

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Objetivo: Identificar los procesos de salud y enfermedad entre los pobladores de El Cajón (Catamarca, Argentina) y su vinculación con la biomedicina. Asimismo, estudiar las ar - ticulaciones entre la biomedicina y el sistema de salud tradicional. Materiales y métodos: Investigación cualitativa, mediante un abordaje etnográfico en el que la observación participante, la corresidencia y las entrevistas abiertas de sesiones múltiples cumplen un rol primordial. La pesquisa se ha centrado en los pobladores locales que regularmente asisten a la posta sanitaria, los enfermeros, los agentes sanitarios y los miembros del equipo de salud itinerante. La población total del lugar es aproximadamente 235 habitantes. Resultados: Se ha constatado que los procesos de salud y enfermedad no se limitan al cuerpo humano, sino que también en ellos intervienen el paisaje y los seres que lo pueblan. Se ha identificado que en la resolución de numerosas patologías resulta central la figura del especialista ritual. Se ha determinado que la gente valora y utiliza la biomedicina, aunque la asistencia a la institución hospitalaria suele ser rehuida. Conclusiones: Se ha identificado un uso combinado de ambos sistemas. En él influyen las valoraciones de las personas sobre la enfermedad de que se trate, pero también otros factores como la distancia hasta el centro asistencial y las relaciones interpersonales con los profe - sionales de la salud. Se resalta la relevancia del enfoque cualitativo para dar cuenta de las especificidades de las categorías locales, que resultan esquivas para un abordaje construido a partir de conceptos derivados del dualismo cartesiano.

Objective.This work sought to inquire on the father's role on the decision making regarding home birth from the perspective of both partners. Methodology. The design was ethnographic of qualitative nature, conducted in the province of Alicante, Spain. A total of 11 couples participated voluntarily in the study. To gather the data, the following techniques were used: two life stories, five narrations, and in-depth interviews of all the study participants. The data obtained were analyzed with the ATLAS-ti v6.2 software. Results. Four fundamental categories were obtained: father's attitude, role performed, influencing factors, and perception of the woman. Theproposal to carry out the delivery at home tends to be made by the woman, but its decision is made jointly. This decision is influenced by different factors, like: good evolution of the pregnancy, accompaniment by a professional, and the couple's beliefs on the delivery. The fathers consider they must be respectful of the woman's decision and accompany them during the whole process; the women are comforted by their unconditional support and accompaniment, considering it essential. Conclusion. The father's role is fundamental in the planned decision of having a home birth; a decision discussed and mediated by the couple in which their fears and beliefs are determinant in their decision. The woman has her partner's support to implement her decision.

Objective. The aim of this study was to explore the reasons why pregnant women do not seek prenatal care (PNC). Methodology. The ethnographic method was used in a low-income Brazilian community. Ethnographic interviews were performed with 11 postpartum women who did not seek PNC in their last pregnancy. Results. The cultural sub-themes used to express reasons for not seeking PNC included: "I found out I was pregnant too late and did not have enough time to receive PNC," "I did not receive PNC because I had to hide the pregnancy to avoid problems," "I had to address urgent issues and could not seek PNC," "The services are not good and going to the doctor when not ill is only for rich people," and cultural theme: "PNC is not worth pursuing: it is unnecessary and there are too many obstacles to receiving it." Conclusion. The main strategies that should be considered to increase adherence to PNC are better access and integrality through the use of adequate management criteria.

OBJECTIVE: this study's aim was to interpret the meanings assigned to quality of life by patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy.METHOD: the ethnographic method and the medical anthropology theoretical framework were used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observations with 16 men and women aged from 43 to 75 years old undergoing chemotherapy in a university hospital.RESULTS: the meanings and senses describe biographical ruptures, loss of normality of life, personal and social suffering, and the need to respond to chemotherapy's side effects; chemotherapy is seen as a transitional stage for a cure. Quality of life is considered unsatisfactory because the treatment imposes personal and social limitations and QoL is linked to resuming normal life.CONCLUSIONS: the meanings show the importance of considering sociocultural aspects in the conceptualization and assessment of quality of life.

The aim was to produce a synthesis of the Brazilian scientific production on the use of ethnography in nursing research in the period 2009-2013. This is an integrative review, whose question is, ‘How has ethnography been used in nursing research?’ The search was carried out in the LILACS database. The research corpus comprised seven articles. At a later date, they were submitted to thematic analysis, and two categories emerged. We observed that culture influences the people’s lifestyles, which include their preferences, feelings and the meanings they attribute to their experiences. The appreciation of experience and meanings attributed by the clients in the health/disease process enables to bring the health professional and the client together, in order to practice culturally congruent care. The acknowledgement of the cultural status is essential for integral and significant nursing care, where the ethnographic findings contribute towards providing the description of a local reality.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the experience of Latin American working women regarding immigration, taking into account the expectations and conditions in which this process takes place.METHOD: ethnographic qualitative study. Data collection was performed by means of semi-structured interviews with 24 Latin American immigrant women in Spain. The information collected was triangulated through two focal groups.RESULTS: the expectations of migrant women focus on improving family living conditions. Social support is essential for their settling and to perform daily life activities. They declare they have adapted to the settlement country, although they live with stress. They perceive they have greater sexual freedom and power with their partners but keep greater responsibility in childcare, combining that with the role of working woman.CONCLUSIONS: migrant women play a key role in the survival of households, they build and create new meanings about being a woman, their understanding of life, their social and couple relationships. Such importance is shaped by their expectations and the conditions in which the migration process takes place, as well as their work integration.

Objective To explore beliefs, values and practices related to the use of medicinal plants among low-income black families. Method The research method was ethnography and the participant observation process was done in a low-income community in the peripheral area of the City of São Paulo. Twenty black women were interviewed. Results Two cultural sub-themes, I do use medicines that I learned to make with my mother and with religious practitioners to care for diseases and Home medicines are to treat problems that are not serious, and the cultural theme I do use home medicines to treat simple diseases because I always have them at my disposal, they are free and I don’t need a medical prescription represent beliefs, values, and practices related to the use of medicinal plants among low-income black families. Conclusion The development of such practices, which can hide ethnic and social vulnerability, reveals the resilience of low-income black women in the process of confronting problems during the health-illness process.

OBJECTIVE: to explore the cultural experiences of nurses who immigrated to Chile. The study´s theoretical framework was the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence.METHOD: Leininger's Observation-Participation-Reflection method was developed at two hospitals in the city of Santiago, and ethnographic interviews were held with 15 immigrant nurses.RESULTS: among Purnell's 12 domains, the following were identified: Overview/heritage, Communication, Workforce issues, Family roles and organization, Biocultural ecology and Health-care practices. The difficulties were related to the language and its semantic meaning, the new responsibilities and the difficult relationship with colleagues. "In search of better horizons - the decision to immigrate", "Gaining confidence and establishing a support network - employability and professional performance" and "Seeking for people´s acceptance - professional adaptation in a new cultural scenario" are cultural themes that represent their experiences.CONCLUSIONS: the competence to offer cultural care demands the development of public policies and continuing education programs at health institutions, specifically focused on immigrant nurses.

Objective. To describe the beliefs, experiences, and practices of caring for pregnant women with diagnosis of fetal malformation. Methodology. Focused ethnography with the participation of eight women older than 18 years of age with diagnosis of fetal malformation and whose parturition occurred in a tier III hospital. The sample size was defined per data saturation. The information was obtained through in-depth interviews and analysis with the Spradley methodology. Results. The women endured the experience as a painful process, from which they manifested fear, uncertainty, and culpability regarding the diagnosis. This situation led them to using coping strategies like faith in God, adhering to recommendations from healthcare personnel, and carrying out cultural practices. Because the diagnosis was made during the advanced stage of the pregnancy, the participants had to continue with the gestation and adapt the self-care practices during this period. Conclusion. Self-care practices and relationships were evidenced among the women and the social support networks and the healthcare system, which favored confronting this situation by the pregnant women and their families, which permitted their carrying the gestation until the end.

The aim of this study was to understand the representations and meanings about the fatherhood of young men, through analysis the social codes of the sociocultural context in which they are inserted. This is a qualitative research. The young men were interviewed. Thematic analysis was conducted and data were analyzed by sentences. The meanings of fatherhood are tied to the representations and to the practices built on the body, the sexuality and the reproduction inside a logic that operates with the own values of the family and work of the sociocultural context. It is looked, so, to make the existent repertoire rich on the understanding of the senses of the fatherhood between young men and, for this road, to contribute to the establishment of public policies that effectively dialogue and that bases on the logic that orientates his practices around the sexual and reproductive life.

The presence of a system of ideological beliefs and previous expectations may influence and change the adopting different strategies or taking another actions within the process of health/disease care. This circumstance entails some especial meaning when referring to the core of relationship doctor/patient. The biomedicine is one of the established forms of care and disease in most of different societies and has become (the medical hegemonic pattern) identified as the most accurate and efficient procedure to meet health/ disease process. Being subjective when considering disease and its management by the individual means searching new therapies and alternatives to give an answer to all type of needs and not just simply curing them, something that for the time being and through biomedicine only has not yet been fulfilled. Of course, this option is not exempt from the exposure to a medical treatment. Hence the importance of a deep study together with its relationship with present hegemonic medicine because current users of alternative therapies and traditional medicine may have certain knowledge in biomedicine and therefore some sort of expectations in scientific know-how regarding the use of such alternative therapies.

The attention and action in the process of health / disease care is a key that characterizes his role as nurse and health worker. In particular the study of health seeking behavior and observation of the strategies of patients (actors) on health and disease and its action as they or their family sick. This article is a reflection through a review of authors in other anthropological work on the articulation of cultural care in biomedical practice. Biomedicine holistic limited compression of the disease conception of the person as a whole than the sum of the component parts. Often the nurse plays in their practice a moral world of values of the society to which he belongs which is materialized in practice. To discuss the influence of culture in the health / disease / care, we must define what is meant by culture. It must take into account the relationship between subject and culture particularly in relation to the socialization of the subject. Hence the importance of the existence of a shared belief system.

From personal narratives, which were developed by nursing experts, a textual analysis. In the theoretical section the reader is on the keys of a qualitative, inductive and ideographic and presents the reflective path followed from autobiographical fragments on the socialization process by which these professionals have developed. The working hypothesis started from the declarative or episodic memory for the recovery of experiences and events, from the reproduction of what has been experienced in the initiation stage. During the work revealed the presence of an insistent forgetting that gave way to the track mnemic, absences as a sign that open a path towards ethnographic literature. Some examples of this neglect by presenting a great narrative. This is the virtue that helps the time to live as a story and it's time settings. Through these texts shows that during the initial stage of practice, there are unique processes that are similar to those in the professional integration. The materials are certainly worked vivid texts, generating space for the narrator's own self, as for the analytical ethnographer.

This was an ethnographic investigation with the aim of comprehending the meanings of the trauma experience among multiple trauma patients. The following techniques were used for data collection: direct observation, semi-structured interview and field diary. Biographical narratives were obtained from eleven trauma victims, and ten relatives as secondary informants. The data analysis considered the set of data of each participant and all data of all subjects, searching for differences and similarities. The meanings attributed to the trauma experience are associated with interrelated feelings of fear, insecurity, anger, vulnerability and suffering and to the meanings of quality of life that converge to valorize health and work appreciation and support by social networks. This analysis shows that the concepts and experiences of the trauma are conditioning factors of the health-disease process and they are essential in planning public health actions to meet the needs of individuals.Se trata de una investigación etnográfica realizada con el objetivo de comprender los significados de la experiencia del trauma en pacientes politraumatizados. Fueron utilizadas las siguientes técnicas de recolección de datos: observación directa, entrevista semi-estructurada y diario de campo. Obtuvimos narraciones biográficas de 11 personas víctimas de traumas y 10 familiares, como informantes secundarios. El análisis de los datos consideró el conjunto de los datos de cada participante y el todo de los datos de todos los sujetos, buscando diferencias y similitudes. Los sentidos atribuidos a la experiencia del trauma se asocian a sentimientos interrelacionados de miedo, inseguridad, rabia, vulnerabilidad y sufrimiento y a los significados de calidad de vida que convergen para la valorización de la salud, trabajo y apoyo por las redes sociales. Este análisis muestra que las concepciones y vivencias del trauma son factores condicionantes del proceso salud-enfermedad y fundamentales para la planificación de acciones de salud pública dirigidas a la atención de las necesidades individuales.Esta é uma investigação etnográfica, realizada com o objetivo de compreender os significados da experiência do trauma entre pacientes politraumatizados. Foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas de coleta de dados: observação direta, entrevista semiestruturada e diário de campo. Obtiveram-se narrativas biográficas de 11 pessoas, vítimas de traumas, e 10 familiares, como informantes secundários. A análise dos dados considerou o conjunto dos dados de cada participante e o todo dos dados de todos os sujeitos, buscando por diferenças e similaridades. Os sentidos atribuídos à experiência do trauma se associam a sentimentos inter-relacionados de medo, insegurança, revolta, vulnerabilidade e sofrimento e aos significados de qualidade de vida que convergem para a valorização da saúde, trabalho e apoio pelas redes sociais. Esta análise mostrou que as concepções e vivências do trauma são fatores condicionantes do processo saúde/doença e fundamentais para o planejamento de ações de saúde pública voltadas ao atendimento das necessidades individuais.

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en reflexionar sobre la naturaleza cultural e histórica de los cuidados y avalar la importancia de la historia en el desarrollo epistemológico de la disciplina de Enfermería, con el propósito de explicar los enfoques y métodos histórico-antropológicos como los más idóneos para estudiar y analizar los cuidados en toda su complejidad. Ideas de partida: los cuidados de salud están influidos por factores histórico-culturales que les dan significado; asimismo, el estudio histórico, epistemológico y antropológico de los cuidados contribuye al conocimiento profundo y global de los fenómenos implicados en los cuidados de salud. Metodológicamente se ha aplicado la reflexión epistemológica acerca de la naturaleza histórico-cultural de los cuidados y el análisis de la idoneidad de los paradigmas, modelos y métodos históricos según el potencial de visión holística de los mismos. Conclusiones: los enfoques y métodos histórico-antropológicos resultan ser los más pertinentes para estudiar los cuidados desde una perspectiva holística.Este estudo objetiva refletir sobre a natureza cultural e histórica dos cuidados e garantir a importância da história no desenvolvimento epistemológico da disciplina da enfermagem, visando explicar as abordagens e métodos histórico-antropológicos como os mais adequados para estudar e analisar os cuidados e sua complexidade. Idéias de partida: os cuidados de saúde estão influenciados por fatores histórico-culturais que lhes dão significado; igualmente, o estudo histórico, epistemológico e antropológico dos cuidados contribui ao conhecimento profundo e global dos fenômenos relativos aos cuidados de saúde. Metodologicamente, aplicou-se a reflexão epistemológica sobre o caráter histórico-cultural dos cuidados e da análise da competência dos paradigmas, modelos e métodos históricos de acordo com seu potencial de visão holística. Conclusões: as abordagens e métodos histórico-antropológicos resultam ser os mais pertinentes para estudar os cuidados desde uma perspectiva holística.This paper is intended to reflect over the cultural and historical nature of care and endorses the importance of history in the epistemological development of nursing as a discipline, with a view to explain the historical-anthropological approaches and methods as the most suitable ones for discussing and analyzing care actions in its entire complexity. Driving ideas: health care is influenced by self-defining historical-cultural factors; moreover, the historical, epistemological and anthropological studies of care contribute to know in depth and globally about the phenomena involved in health care. At methodological level, the epistemological reflection about the historical-cultural nature of care was applied, as well as the analysis of the competence of historical paradigms, models and methods according to their potential holistic vision. Conclusions: the historical-anthropological approaches and methods are the most relevant to study care actions from a holistic perspective.

This study was carried out between January and April 2008 with 14 caregivers of children younger than 5 years residing in Tizimín city, Mexico. It aimed to understand the social representations of eating and the Programa Oportunidades [Opportunity Program] held by caregivers taking into account their social and cultural context. This qualitative investigation with an ethnographic approach was based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Two empirical categories emerged: 1) feeding and 2) an aid. The first refers to the caregivers' representation of eating patterns of children younger than 5 years and the second reveals that the program is considered an aid, which favors and helps caregivers to meet part of their needs. The study achieved the proposed objectives since it enabled us to understand caregivers in the complex task of feeding these children and also to propose strategies in several spheres to improve infant nutrition.El estudio fue realizado con 14 responsables del cuidado del menor de 5 años en Tizimín, México, durante el período de enero la abril de 2008. Se buscó comprender las representaciones sociales de estas personas en relación a la alimentación y la los componentes de nutrición del Programa Oportunidades, considerando el contexto social y cultural. La investigación cualitativa con abordaje antropológico, tipo etnográfico tuvo como base la observación participante y las entrevistas semiestructuradas, dirigidas a las responsables. De los resultados emergieron dos categorías empíricas: 1) dar de comer y 2) una ayuda. La primera se refiere a cómo las responsables representan la alimentación del menor de 5 años y la segunda reveló que el Programa es considerado una ayuda y que las apoya a solucionar, en parte, sus necesidades. Se alcanzaron los objetivos al comprender a las responsables en esa tarea compleja que realizan de alimentar a los niños y así proponer estrategias, en varias esferas, para mejorar la nutrición infantil.O estudo foi realizado com 14 responsáveis pelo cuidado de menores de 5 anos, moradoras da cidade de Tizimín, México, durante o período de janeiro a abril de 2008. O objetivo foi compreender as representações sociais dessas pessoas em relação à alimentação e ao Programa Oportunidades, considerando o contexto social e cultural. A investigação qualitativa, com abordagem antropológica, tipo etnográfica, baseou-se em observação participante e em entrevistas semiestruturadas, dirigidas às responsáveis. Dos resultados, emergiram duas categorias empíricas: 1) dar de comer e 2) uma ajuda. A primeira tratou da forma como as responsáveis representam a alimentação da criança menor de 5 anos e a segunda revelou que o Programa é considerado uma ajuda, promovendo benefícios e ajudando a solucionar parte de suas necessidades. O estudo permitiu alcançar os objetivos propostos ao compreender as responsáveis nesta complexa tarefa que realizam de alimentar tais crianças e, assim, propor estratégias, em várias esferas, para melhorar a nutrição infantil.

A pesquisa teve por objetivo etno-avaliar a humanização da assistência hospitalar na percepção de usuários hospitalizados. Os dados foram coletados de janeiro a julho de 2005, em hospital público de Fortaleza-CE, por meio do percurso do paciente. Participaram 13 usuários hospitalizados. A análise foi realizada pela técnica de análise categorial, originando as categorias: etno-avaliação da estrutura e dinâmica hospitalar, da imagem hospitalar e da competência profissional humana e técnica. Os usuários utilizavam múltiplas facetas para suavizar suas opiniões, sendo desvelados fatores incluídos nessas facetas, denominados mediadores da etno-avaliação, e os categorizaram em: condições da entrevista, condição socioeconômica, personalidade e religiosidade do usuário, discurso irônico, diagnóstico sombrio e necessidades atendidas e experiência anterior de hospitalização. Elementos revelados pelos pacientes são significativos para mobilizar profissionais e gestores com vistas a mudanças que promovam a humanização e incluam o usuário como etno-avaliador crítico social.La investigación tuvo por objetivo etno-evaluar la humanización de la asistencia hospitalaria según la percepción de los usuarios hospitalizados. Los datos fueron recolectados de enero a julio del 2005, en un hospital público de Fortaleza-CE, a través de la opinión del paciente. Participaron 13 usuarios hospitalizados. El análisis fue realizado por análisis de categorías: etno-evaluación de la estructura y dinámica hospitalaria, la imagen hospitalaria y la competencia profesional humana y técnica. Los usuarios utilizaron varias formas para suavizar sus opiniones, siendo mostrados factores denominados de mediadores de la etno-evaluación catalogados como: condiciones de la entrevistas, condición socioeconómica, personalidad y religiosidad del usuario, narración irónica, diagnóstico sombrío y necesidades atendidas y experiencia anterior a la hospitalización. Aspectos mencionados por los pacientes son significativos para movilizar profesionales y gestores para cambios que promuevan la humanización e incluyan al usuario como etno-evaluador crítico social.This study was aimed at evaluating the humanization of hospital care ethnically, as perceived by the hospitalized patients. Data were collected from 13 inpatients from January to July/2005 in a public hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, according to the patient's circuit. This analysis yielded the following categories: ethnic evaluation of the hospital structure and dynamics, hospital and professional image, human and technical competence. The subjects used multiple aspects to soften their opinions, unveiling factors named mediators of the ethnical evaluation. Such aspects were categorized into: conditions of the interview, socio-economic status, user's personality and religiousness, ironic speech, somber diagnosis and necessities met, and prior hospitalization experiences. The elements revealed by the patients are significant in order to encourage professionals and mediators to mobilize towards humanizing changes, including the user as a social and critical ethnic evaluator.

The study aimed at understanding the patients' experience with oncologic radiotherapy. The anthropological interpretative approach and the ethnographic method guided the investigation. Ten patients took part in the study. They were of both genders, within the age range from 34 to 80 years old and monitored during radiotherapy treatment. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participative observation and medical records. The analysis of the respondents' statements allowed for the identification of the units of meaning: The encounter with radiotherapy, the body as a vehicle for radiotherapy action and alternative healthcare practices that relieved the effects of the treatment. We understand that the oncologic radiotherapy experience meant the need to submit to a therapy with a characteristic of a poison-drug, which causes fear, but was necessary, whether the goal was cure or even cancer survival.El estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la experiencia de los pacientes sometidos a radioterapia oncológica. El abordaje de la antropología interpretativa y el método etnográfico orientaron la investigación. Los participantes del estudio fueron diez pacientes de ambos sexos, en el intervalo de edad de 34 a 80 años, acompañados durante el tratamiento radioterápico. Los datos fueron recolectados por entrevistas semi-estructuradas, observación de participante y levantamiento en registros. El análisis de los discursos de los informantes posibilitó identificar las unidades de significado: el encuentro con la radioterapia, el cuerpo como vehículo de acción de la radioterapia y las prácticas alternativas de cuidado para aliviar los efectos del tratamiento. Comprendemos que la experiencia de la radioterapia oncológica significó para esos pacientes la necesidad de someterse a una terapéutica con una característica de medicina-veneno que causa temor, sin embargo que era necesaria, si la meta fuese la cura o la sobre vivencia al cáncer.O estudo objetivou compreender a experiência da radioterapia oncológica para os pacientes. A abordagem da antropologia interpretativa e o método etnográfico nortearam a investigação. Foram informantes dez pacientes de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 34 a 80 anos, acompanhados durante o tratamento radioterápico. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observação participante e levantamento em prontuários. A análise dos discursos dos informantes possibilitou a identificação das unidades de significado: o encontro com a radioterapia, o corpo como veículo de ação da radioterapia e as práticas alternativas de cuidado aliviando os efeitos do tratamento. Compreende-se, aqui, que a experiência da radioterapia oncológica significou para esses pacientes a necessidade de se submeterem a uma terapêutica com característica de remédio-veneno, que causa temor, mas que era necessária se a meta fosse a cura ou mesmo a sobrevivência ao câncer.

Neste estudo, buscamos, a partir do método etnográfico, identificar os efeitos da Biodança nos idosos que a vivenciam. O estudo foi realizado com oito idosos que integram o grupo de Biodança do SESC de Fortaleza, Ceará. Os dados coletados por meio da entrevista semi-estruturada e da observação participante foram analisados pelo método de análise de narrativa. Na busca do significado da Biodança para os idosos, evidenciou-se que ela constitui um mecanismo de enfrentamento das dificuldades com a saúde, estimulando a mudança de comportamento em relação às condições de saúde, por aumentar o ímpeto vital e a vontade de viver. Neste sentido, a Biodança promove o resgate da saúde de pessoas que envelhecem.En este estudio se busca, a partir del método etnográfico, identificar los efectos de la biodanza en los adultos mayores que la experimentan. El estudio fué realizado con 8 adultos mayores que integran el grupo de biodanza de la SESC de la ciudad de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Los datos recolectados a traves de la entrevista semiestructurada y de la observación participante, fueron analizados por el método del análisis narrativo. En la busqueda del segnificado de la biodanza para las personas mayores de edad, se evidenció que ella constituye un mecanismo de enfrentamiento hacia las dificultades en su salud, estimulandolos a los cambios de comportamiento en relación a las condiciones de salud, aumentar su impetu vital y la voluntad de vivir. En este sentido, la biodanza promueve el rescate de la salud de las personas que envejecen.In this study, we searched, from the ethnographic method, to identify the effects of Biodance in elders that lived it. The study was done with eight elderly that integrate the group of Biodance of SESC from Fortaleza, Ceará. The data were collected through semi-structured interview and participant observation, analyzed by method of narrative analysis. In the search of meaning of Biodance to elders, it highlighted that it constitutes a mechanism of facing of difficulties with health, stimulating the change of behavior in relation to health conditions, due increase the vital impetus and will to live. In this sense, the Biodance promotes the rescue of health that grew older.

This study is the result of an ethnographic research based on interpretative anthropology. It aims to interpret the meanings of alcohol misuse in families from a poor Venezuelan community. Twenty members from six families participated in the study. The results show differences between meanings children and parents held regarding alcohol consumption. Children held a more positive view, whereas mothers presented the lowest acceptation of alcohol consumption. Meanings were more convergent than divergent, which allowed the identification of the following units: excessive consumption, intoxication, and joy. The association of alcohol with parties and joy is the main motivation to drink and the main barrier to change drinking habits. Two units of meaning were identified: a continuum between normal and pathologic drinking; and concept of joy subordinated to alcohol consumption.Resultado de investigación etnográfica basada en la antropología interpretativa, este trabajo objetiva interpretar los significados del consumo de alcohol en familias de una comunidad pobre venezolana. Han sido investigadas seis familias, totalizando 20 participantes. Los resultados indican algunas distinciones entre padres, madres e hijos en la atribución de significados al consumo de alcohol, con una visión más valorativa en los hijos y menor aceptación entre las madres. Las convergencias de sentidos, más frecuentes que las diferencias, permitieron identificar las unidades de significación: el consumo excesivo, la borrachera, la alegría. En la asociación entre bebidas alcohólicas, alegría y fiesta está la principal motivación para beber y la principal fuente de resistencia a la modificación de conductas ante el alcohol. Los núcleos de significados identificados fueron: la existencia de un continuo entre el beber normal y patológico; una concepción de felicidad subordinada al consumo del alcohol.Resultado de pesquisa etnográfica, sob a ótica da antropologia interpretativa. Este trabalho objetiva interpretar significados do consumo de álcool em famílias de uma comunidade pobre venezuelana. Seis famílias foram pesquisadas, totalizando 20 participantes. Os resultados mostram diferenças entre pais, mães, e filhos, na atribuição dada aos significados do consumo de álcool, tendo uma visão mais valorativa dos filhos, e menor aceitação entre as mães. As convergências de sentidos foram mais freqüentes que as diferenças, permitindo identificar as unidades de significado: consumo excessivo, bebedeira e alegria. Na associação das bebidas alcoólicas com alegria e festa encontra-se a principal motivação para beber, e a principal fonte de resistência para a modificação de condutas perante o álcool. Os núcleos de significados identificados foram: existência de um contínuo entre o beber normal e o patológico, sendo uma concepção de felicidade perante o consumo de álcool.

Este trabalho faz uma reflexão entre a percepção do cuidar pelo profissional de enfermagem e a relação do significado dado ao termo Cuidar, que é um instrumento norteador da qualidade da assistência. Questiona o nível de profundidade do significado que essa palavra pode assumir, identificando sua presença em todos os processos do Universo e na história mitológica do ser humano. Propõe que o cuidar é a Lei que permite a manifestação dos potenciais de organização numa certa direção de estabilidade dinâmica, manifestos na matéria, até a promoção e estabelecimento da saúde e do bem-estar. Concluiu-se, afirmando que a Lei do Cuidar pode ser entendida como um conjunto de forças que permitem o prolongamento ou abreviamento de certo grau de organização, que pode ser expresso em diversos níveis.En este trabajo se hace una reflexión entre la percepción del cuidar por el profesional de enfermería y la relación del significado dado al término Cuidar, que es un instrumento norteador de la calidad de la asistencia. Cuestiona el nivel de profundidad del significado que esa palabra puede asumir, identificando su presencia en todos los procesos del Universo y en la historia mitológica del ser humano. Propone que el cuidar es la Ley que permite la manifestación de los potenciales de organización en una determinada dirección de estabilidad dinámica, manifestados en la materia, hasta la promoción y el establecimiento de la salud y del bienestar. Se concluye con la afirmación de que la Ley del Cuidar puede ser entendida como un conjunto de fuerzas que permiten la prolongación o brevedad de cierto grado de organización, que puede ser expresado en diversos niveles.This paper is a reflection on the perception of care nursing professionals have and the meaning given to the term, which is a tool for directing the quality of the assistance. It questions the level of depth that this word may have, identifying its presence in all processes of the Universe and throughout mankind's mythological history. It proposes that caring is the law that makes possible the manifestation of the organization potential in a given direction of dynamic stability, seen in matter, which unfolds into the promotion and establishment of health and well-being. It concludes by stating that the Law of Care may be understood as a set of forces that make possible the extension or abbreviation of a given degree of organization that may be expressed in different levels

Este estudo etnográfico, realizado junto a um grupo de mulheres, teve como objetivo verificar o nível de conhecimento sobre a menopausa e compreender como ocorre a vivência deste estágio biológico próprio do sexo feminino. Para a coleta dos dados, usou-se a observação participante, a entrevista, mediante uso de gravador, além de desenhos previamente reproduzidos. A análise foi efetuada com base nos pressupostos teóricos, de método etnográfico e de alguns pressupostos do interpretativismo biográfico. Das narrativas coletadas, extraíram-se as categorias e os temas culturais. Assim, foi possível verificar que o processo da menopausa era entendido como resultante de uma construção singular, estando integrado a uma rede de significados, instituídos pelo grupo, os quais condicionam o conhecimento e a vivência dentro de determinados padrões culturais, entre eles, o fato de que a menopausa significa deixar de ser mulher.Este estudio etnográfico, realizado con un grupo de mujeres, tuvo como objetivo verificar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la menopausia y comprender cómo ocurre la vivencia de este período biológico propio del sexo femenino. Para la recolección de los datos, se usó la observación participante, la entrevista, mediante el uso de una grabadora, además de dibujos previamente reproducidos. El análisis se llevó a cabo con base en las premisas teóricas, del método etnográfico y de algunos del interpretativismo biográfico. De las narrativas recolectadas, se extrajeron las categorías y los temas culturales. De este modo, fue posible verificar que el proceso de la menopausia era entendido como resultado de una construcción singular, estando integrado a una red de significados, instituidos por el grupo, los cuales condicionan el conocimiento y la vivencia dentro de determinados patrones culturales, entre ellos, el hecho de que la menopausia significa dejar de ser mujer.This ethnographic study is aimed at understanding a group of women's knowledge about menopause and how they experience it. The methods used for data collection were participant observation, recorded interviews and previously produced drawings. Data were analyzed based on a theoretical framework using both the ethnographic method and biographic interpretativism. From the narratives the authors obtained the cultural categories and themes. Thus it was possible to conclude that menopause is understood as a result of a unique construction integrated to a network of meanings built by the group that condition knowledge and experience within certain cultural patterns, among them the fact that menopause means leaving womanhood behind.

This ethnographic study aimed to understand the meaning of quality of life from the perspective of people with coronary disease submitted to myocardial revascularization surgery. Direct observations and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through careful reading, identification of units of meaning, thematic groups and themes, and interpreted according to interpretative anthropology and the Centre for Health Promotion conceptual model of quality of life. The identified theme, quality of life being happy as possible, is based on being healthy, having a job and a harmonious family. These were considered dimensions for a "tranquil and happy" life. The meaning of quality of life is complex, subject to new significations throughout life, and related to the socioeconomic and cultural context, including, in the case, the experience of the health-disease process.Este estudio etnográfico tuvo como objetivo comprender el significado de calidad de vida en la perspectiva de personas que tuvieron una coronariopatía y pasaron por cirugía de revascularización del miocardio. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de observaciones directas y entrevistas semiestructuradas y evaluados a partir de una lectura cuidadosa, de la identificación de unidades de significados de núcleos temáticos y temas. Fueron interpretados de acuerdo con la antropología interpretativa y el modelo conceptual de calidad de vida del Center for Health Promotion. El tema identificado, calidad de vida ser feliz en la medida de lo posible, está fundamentado en tener salud, tener trabajo y tener armonía familiar. Esas fueron consideradas dimensiones para una vida "tranquila y feliz". El significado de calidad de vida es complejo, está sujeto a nuevas evaluaciones de significado a lo largo de la vida, y relacionado al contexto socioeconómico y cultural, incluyéndose, en ese caso, la experiencia del proceso salud y enfermedad.Este estudo etnográfico teve como objetivo compreender o significado de qualidade de vida na perspectiva de pessoas que vivenciaram a coronariopatia e a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observações diretas e entrevistas semi-estruturadas e analisados a partir da leitura cuidadosa, identificação de unidades de significados, núcleos temáticos e temas. Foram interpretados de acordo com a antropologia interpretativa e o Modelo Conceitual de Qualidade de Vida do Centre for Health Promotion. O tema identificado, qualidade de vida ser feliz à medida do possível, está fundamentado em ter saúde, ter trabalho e ter harmonia familiar. Essas foram consideradas dimensões para uma vida "tranqüila e feliz". O significado de qualidade de vida é complexo, está sujeito a (re)significações ao longo da vida, e relacionado ao contexto socioeconômico e cultural, incluindo-se, nesse caso, a experiência do processo saúde-doença.

O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar as crenças de um grupo de mulheres sobre a causalidade de seu câncer de mama. Foi utilizada a Antropologia cultural como referencial teórico e a História Oral como referencial metodológico. Foram entrevistadas nove mulheres mastectomizadas e foram utilizados os pressupostos do Modelo de Crenças em Saúde na análise dos dados. Os resultados destacaram alguns aspectos que devem ser trabalhados no processo educativo das mulheres, em um contexto cultural significativo, com maior chance de aderência aos programas de detecção precoce do câncer de mama.El objetivo en este estudio fue explorar las creencias de un grupo de mujeres sobre la causalidad de su cáncer de mama. Como referencial teórico se utilizó la Antropología cultural y la Historia Oral como referencial metodológico. Se entrevistaron a nueve mujeres mastectomizadas y en el análisis de los datos se utilizaron las premisas del Modelo de Creencias en Salud. Los resultados destacaron algunos aspectos que deben ser trabajados en el proceso educativo de las mujeres, en un contexto cultural significativo, con mayor oportunidad de adherencia a los programas de detección precoz del cáncer de mama.The objective of this study was to explore the beliefs of a group of women regarding the causality of their breast cancer. Cultural Anthropology was the theoretical framework and Oral History the methodological choice. Interviews were performed with nine women who had been submitted to a mastectomy. The Health Beliefs Model was used as conceptual reference for a better understanding and explanation of these women's health behavior. The results highlighted certain aspects that need to be worked on in the educational process of women, in a more significant cultural context, with a higher chance of adherence to early diagnosis programs of breast cancer.

Introduction: Nurses give the meaning to their daily work and its comprehension permits the design of proposals oriented to promote quality, humanization and service management. The objective was to understand the meaning that nurses give to their daily work. Materials and Methods: qualitative study with ethnographic approach; groups interviews were conducted and a field day book was done. Results: Nurses must take ownership of the nurse department, which means to achieve an integral care and hold up the department. The weight of the department is to understand as the ability to hold up guilt, problems, interactions, indicators and protocols without enough time. Discussion: Health care creates motivation, which is a feeling capable to provoke, maintain and manage the behavior to a common objective; the work weight has forced the nurses to spend less time to the health care, which lead them to feel guilty, exhaustion and stress. Conclusions: The task of nursing means a burden when they feel that they must take care of tasks are not of her professional competence or that are imposed by limiting their autonomy. Holding up work weight, lead nurses to the demotivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O estudo objetivou descrever e compreender a experiência do pai de prematuro que nasceu com peso inferior a 1.500g. Adotou-se o referencial metodológico da etnografia e os dados foram coletados por meio da observação participante e entrevistas. A terapia intensiva neonatal de um hospital de ensino e os domicílios de seis pais constituiram-se no cenário cultural. Os resultados foram apresentados sob a forma de narrativa com análise, segundo o Método Biográfico Interpretativo. Das oito categorias culturais emergiram dois temas: a capacidade para tornar-se pai - momentos de luta e crescimento e o cuidar e conviver com o filho. As vivências transformadoras na vida dos homens foram compreendidas em duas situações: intra-hospitalar, representadas pelo nascimento precoce, sofrimento imposto na internação e religiosidade; extra-hospitalar, manifestadas pelo conviver no domicílio e esperança no futuro da criança, ambos permeados por experiências positivas e negativas.

Compreender como os portadores de colostomia por câncer e seus familiares percebem o processo do adoecer é o objetivo deste estudo. Os referenciais teóricos e metodológicos que fundamentaram o estudo foram a antropologia interpretativa, a antropologia médica e a etnografia. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas, sob a forma de narrativas, e observações junto a doze portadores de colostomia e cinco familiares, no período de junho de 2002 a maio de 2003. Da análise dos dados identificamos a categoria: A vida antes da colostomia por câncer. Os dados permitiram compreender que a experiência de ter uma colostomia por câncer é uma construção sociocultural.La finalidad de este estudio fue comprender como los portadores de colostomía por cáncer y sus familiares perciben el proceso de la enfermedad. Los referenciales teóricos y metodológicos que fundamentaron el estudio fueron: la antropología interpretativa, la antropología médica y la etnografía. Los datos fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevistas, en forma de narrativas, y observaciones de doce pacientes de colostomía y cinco familiares, en el período de Junio del 2002 a Mayo del 2003. Del análisis de los datos identificamos la categoría: la vida antes de la colostomía por cáncer. Los datos permitieron comprender que la experiencia de tener una colostomía por cáncer es una construcción socio-cultural.This study aimed to understand how patients with colostomy by cancer and their family members perceive the sickening process. The theoretical and methodological reference frameworks the study was based on were anthropology and ethnography. Data were collected through interviews, in a narrative form, and observations with twelve colostomy patients and five family members, in the period from June 2002 to May 2003. The analysis allowed us to understand that the experience of having a colostomy by cancer is a social-cultural construction.

Identificar e compreender as representações de pacientes sobre alimentação por sonda. Entrevista aberta com 16 pacientes em uso de sondas para alimentação. A análise das entrevistas foi fundamentada na análise de discurso. O referencial teórico adotado foi a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Identificou-se a existência de uma trajetória, na qual as representações vão sendo reorganizadas e reconstruídas pela experiência, para tornar tolerável esse tratamento, começando quando o paciente se depara com a necessidade do uso, passando pela experiência do uso e, finalmente, tendo que se decidir pela continuidade ou não do uso no ambiente domiciliar. Dentre as representações encontradas, existem algumas que contribuem para a adesão e outras para a rejeição a esse tratamento. Conhecendo as idéias e crenças positivas e negativas sobre esse tratamento, torna-se possível atuar de forma mais direcionada a fim de aumentar a adesão ao tratamento e satisfação com ele.La finalidad fue identificar y comprender las representaciones asociadas con la nutrición por sondas en pacientes hospitalizados. Fueron realizadas entrevistas con 16 pacientes en uso de sondas para nutrición enteral. El análisis de las entrevistas tuvo como base el análisis del discurso y la Teoría de Representación Social. Fue identificada una secuencia en que las representaciones son reorganizadas y reconstruidas por la experiencia, para hacer el tratamiento tolerable. Esta secuencia se inicia cuando el paciente tiene que enfrentar la necesidad del uso de la sonda, seguida por la experiencia de su uso y, finalmente, cuando tiene que decidir sobre la permanencia o no de la sonda cuando se va al hogar. Entre las representaciones encontradas existen algunas que contribuyen para la adhesión y otras para su rechazo. Con base en las representaciones identificadas, es posible actuar de manera mas dirigida para aumentar la adhesión y satisfacción con el tratamiento.This study aimed to identify and understand adult patients' representations on tube feeding. Data were collected through interviews with sixteen patients who were using feeding tubes, which were analyzed through discourse analysis and Social Representation Theory. We identified a sequence in which representations are reorganized and redefined through experience, in order to turn this treatment tolerable. This sequence begins when patients face the need of a feeding tube, followed by the experience of its use and finally, when deciding about continuing its use or not, when going home. Some representations contribute to treatment adherence and others to its rejection. Getting to know positive and negative ideas about this treatment makes it possible to approach these patients in a more direct way, with a view to better adherence and satisfaction.

Estudo conduzido com o objetivo compreender a experiência da mulher, no seu contato com o sistema de saúde, por ocasião do parto. Adotou-se como referencial teórico-metodológico a Antropologia Cultural e a Etnografia. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da observação participante, do recurso fotográfico e da entrevista. As fotografias foram realizadas por gestantes, cujo pré-natal foi realizado nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da área de abrangência do hospital-escola, cenário cultural desta investigação. Os dados foram apresentados na forma de narrativa, e a sua análise se deu por meio do método biográfico interpretativo. Dos dados foram extraídas oito categorias, das quais emergiram três temas culturais, por meio dos quais as colaboradoras resgatam e classificam as suas experiências, na condição de ratificar os resultados dos eventos significativos considerados positivos ou de fazer uma releitura dos eventos negativos. Elas prosseguem vislumbrando o processo de nascimento em todas as suas dimensões, utilizando o olhar fotográfico, que ora permitiu que fatos fossem registrados e absorvidos, ora evitou que suas lentes captassem aquilo que seria difícil elaborar naquele momento. Os achados deste estudo possibilitaram uma visão compreensiva do conhecimento cultural das colaboradoras com relação à sua interação com o sistema de saúde, bem como de suas expectativas no ciclo gravídico-puerperal.

La investigación presenta tres universos culturales que sufren Hipertensión Arterial, Diabetes y Artrosis, describiendo las distintas dimensiones y la interpretación de los significados. Se utilizó el método etnográfico, utilizando la entrevista etnográfica y la observación participante y, en la interpretación, el interaccionismo simbólico y otros autores. Los aspectos éticos de la investigación con seres humanos fueron respetados. Surgen convergencias en las dimensiones en que son percibidas las tres enfermedades: la pérdida del bienestar y soporte social, miedo a la invalidez y muerte, percibiendo la familia y aceptando la cronicidad y, valorizando la medicina alternativa. El cuidado de enfermería es percibido por esta clientela con ambigüedad.A investigação apresenta três universos culturais de portadores de Hipertensão Arterial, Diabetes e Artrose, descrevendo as distintas dimensões e a interpretação dos significados, utilizando o método etnográfico, o Interacionismo Simbólico e diferentes autores. Os aspectos éticos da pesquisa com seres humanos foram respeitados. Surgem convergências nas dimensões em que foram percebidas as três doenças: a perda do bem-estar e apoio social, medo da invalidez e morte, percebendo a família e aceitando a cronicidade e valorizando a medicina alternativa. O cuidado de enfermagem é percebido pelos informantes do estudo com ambigüidade.The investigation presents three cultural universes of those suffering from arterial hypertension, diabetes and arthrosis, describing the different dimensions and interpreting their meaning. The ethnographic method was utilized, using the ethnographic interview and participant observation and for the interpretation, the symbolic interactionism and other authors. Convergences in the dimensions arise in which the three diseases are perceived: the loss of well-being and social support, fear of disability and death, perception of the family and accepting the chronicity, interest in alternative medicine. The informants of this study perceive nursing care with ambiguity.

Este trabalho embasa-se em três pesquisas que focalizaram os efeitos da percepção nas atitudes dos adultos, com o objetivo de melhorar o cuidado de saúde da criança. Embora cada estudo pertença a uma área distinta de investigação, todos adotaram a abordagem etnográfica para analisar a interação entre adultos e crianças. Este estudo desenvolveu a reflexão dos pesquisadores com relação a: i) adoção de uma abordagem etnográfica na produção científica de enfermagem; ii) perspectivas teóricas relevantes na análise destes temas. Em suma, este estudo exemplifica o valor da reflexão sobre pesquisas já realizadas e seu potencial para aumentar o entendimento de como as pesquisas podem contribuir para consolidar os modelos de cuidado a saúde em geral e do cuidado de enfermagem, em particular.

Este artigo descreve o emprego do recurso fotográfico na coleta de dados em um estudo etnográfico. O objetivo foi compreender a percepção de gestantes usuárias de um serviço de saúde. Para tanto, essas mulheres foram convidadas, durante o período pré-natal, a fotografar a instituição, onde nasceriam seus filhos. Após a revelação das fotografias, foram agendadas entrevistas, onde as gestantes puderam explicitar seus sentimentos e inquietações, detectados por meio do recurso fotográfico. As fotografias deram "voz" às participantes do estudo, permitindo que aspectos positivos e negativos do âmbito hospitalar fossem desmistificados, minimizando a ansiedade no período que antecedeu o parto.Este artículo describe la utilización de la fotografía en la colecta de datos de un estudio etnográfico. El objetivo fue comprender la percepción de las gestantes usuarias de un servicio de salud. Para tanto, esas gestantes fueron invitadas, durante el prenatal, a fotografar la institución donde sus hijos irían nacer. Despúes de reveladas las fotografías, fueron marcadas entrevistas donde las gestantes pudieron explicar sus sentimientos e inquietaciones, detectados por medio de un recurso fotográfico. Las fotografías entonces dieron "voz" a las gestantes, permitiendo que aspectos positivos y negativos de ámbito hospitalario fuesen desmitificados, minimizando la ansiedad y el stress en el periodo que antecedió el parto.This article describes the use of the photography for data collection in an ethnographic research. This study aims to understand the women's perception related to the hospital where they were supposed to give birth. These women were invited to take pictures of the hospital. After developing the pictures, the researcher appointed interviews and the pictures gave voice to them. The women pointed out positive and negative aspects related to the hospital, that were the reasons for their anxiety and stress. The use of photography allowed to dispel the myth of the factors that influence on the birth process.

The aim was to produce a synthesis of the Brazilian scientific production on the use of ethnography in nursing research in the period 2009-2013. This is an integrative review, whose question is, ‘How has ethnography been used in nursing research?’ The search was carried out in the LILACS database. The research corpus comprised seven articles. At a later date, they were submitted to thematic analysis, and two categories emerged. We observed that culture influences the people’s lifestyles, which include their preferences, feelings and the meanings they attribute to their experiences. The appreciation of experience and meanings attributed by the clients in the health/disease process enables to bring the health professional and the client together, in order to practice culturally congruent care. The acknowledgement of the cultural status is essential for integral and significant nursing care, where the ethnographic findings contribute towards providing the description of a local reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Texto & Contexto Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pos-Graduacao de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cogitare Enfermagem is the property of Cogitare Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La presencia de un sistema ideológico de creencias y expectativas previas influye y puede modificar en la adopción de otras estrategias o acciones dentro del proceso de salud/enfermedad /atención. Esta situación adquiere características especiales dentro del núcleo de la relación médico/paciente. La biomedicina constituye una de las formas institucionalizadas de atención de la enfermedad y, en gran parte de las sociedades, ha llegado a ser (el modelo médico hegemónico) identificada como la forma más correcta y eficaz de atender el proceso salud/enfermedad. De la importancia de la subjetividad en la enfermedad y del manejo de la misma por el individuo deriva la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas y terapias para dar respuesta a las necesidades y no solo la cura de la enfermedad, y que a través de la biomedicina no ha sido encontrada. Esta opción tampoco está exenta de la exposición de una medicalización. De ahí la importancia de su estudio junto a sus relaciones con la medicina hegemónica actual porque los usuarios de las medicinas alternativas y complementarias puede que tengan una enculturación en la biomedicina, y por tanto alguna expectativa también de "cientificidad" respecto al uso de esas terapias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at understanding the patients' experience with oncologic radiotherapy. The anthropological interpretative approach and the ethnographic method guided the investigation. Ten patients took part in the study. They were of both genders, within the age range from 34 to 80 years old and monitored during radiotherapy treatment. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participative observation and medical records. The analysis of the respondents' statements allowed for the identification of the units of meaning: The encounter with radiotherapy, the body as a vehicle for radiotherapy action and alternative healthcare practices that relieved the effects of the treatment. We understand that the oncologic radiotherapy experience meant the need to submit to a therapy with a characteristic of a poison-drug, which causes fear, but was necessary, whether the goal was cure or even cancer survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is the result of an ethnographic research based on interpretative anthropology. It aims to interpret the meanings of alcohol misuse in families from a poor Venezuelan community. Twenty members from six families participated in the study. The results show differences between meanings children and parents held regarding alcohol consumption. Children held a more positive view, whereas mothers presented the lowest acceptation of alcohol consumption. Meanings were more convergent than divergent, which allowed the identification of the following units: excessive consumption, intoxication, and joy. The association of alcohol with parties and joy is the main motivation to drink and the main barrier to change drinking habits. Two units of meaning were identified: a continuum between normal and pathologic drinking; and concept of joy subordinated to alcohol consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is the result of an ethnographic research based on interpretative anthropology. It aims to interpret the meanings of alcohol misuse in families from a poor Venezuelan community. Twenty members from six families participated in the study. The results show differences between meanings children and parents held regarding alcohol consumption. Children held a more positive view, whereas mothers presented the lowest acceptation of alcohol consumption. Meanings were more convergent than divergent, which allowed the identification of the following units: excessive consumption, intoxication, and joy. The association of alcohol with parties and joy is the main motivation to drink and the main barrier to change drinking habits. Two units of meaning were identified: a continuum between normal and pathologic drinking; and concept of joy subordinated to alcohol consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]