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This study focuses on the crucial role of the shear characteristics of the mortar–rock interface (MRI) in geotechnical engineering. These properties largely determine the effectiveness of engineering reinforcement measures such as anchoring and grouting. The mechanical and deformation properties of the MRI with different roughness characteristics will be investigated. To achieve this, an indoor direct shear test was conducted on the mortar–rock binary medium (MRBM). The interface was numerically modeled from the test data using finite difference fractional value software. Direct shear simulation of the MRI by changing the normal stress ( σ n ) and the sawtooth angle (α) was carried out. The results showed that as the normal stress and sawtooth angle increased, the shear stiffness of the MRI also increased. The shear stiffness was found to have a linear relationship with both the normal stress and the sawtooth angle. The peak shear displacement was identified as an indirect indicator of the shear failure mode of the binary medium interface (BMI). Quantitative relationships between the shear strength (τ), cohesion (c), angle of internal friction (ϕ), residual shear strength ( τ r ), residual angle of internal friction ( ϕ r ), and degradation rate of the shear strength of the BMI were established based on the two influencing factors. Additionally, the study investigates how the sawtooth angle and the normal stress affect the variation in the normal displacement during direct shear testing of the MRBM. The findings revealed a correlation between the peak dilation angle of the BMI and the normal stress and sawtooth angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydromechanical coupling behavior of rocks is widely present in the fields of rock mechanics and engineering studies. Analyzing and summarizing the relevant literature, the current status of experimental and coupling theory research on hydromechanical coupling is systematically described, the commonly used numerical simulation methods and their applications are briefly introduced, and the hydromechanical coupling problems in mining engineering, water conservancy, and hydropower engineering, slope engineering, tunneling engineering, and other fields are analyzed. Regarding the current status of studies on the hydromechanical coupling behavior of rocks, the test research aspect needs to further enhance the test studies on the triaxial shear permeability of rock material, and adopt a combination of macroscopic, fine, and microscopic methods to study the hydraulic coupling problems of rock materials from different scales. To couple theory, the traditional concepts are broken through, and new coupling theories and mathematical models are used to explain and solve the relevant practical problems. Meanwhile, the application of interdisciplinary approaches to solving coupling problems in the future is emphasized. In terms of numerical simulation and engineering applications, new large data algorithms are developed to improve the efficiency of simulation calculations. In addition, consideration should be given to the numerical simulation of coupling effects, the coupled rheological effects, and the coupled dynamic properties of rock masses under high-ground stress and high water pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]