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Differential and total cross sections for the quasifree reactions $��p\rightarrow��p$ and $��n\rightarrow��n$ have been determined at the MAMI-C electron accelerator using a liquid deuterium target. Photons were produced via bremsstrahlung from the 1.5 GeV incident electron beam and energy-tagged with the Glasgow photon tagger. Decay photons of the neutral decay modes $��\rightarrow 2��$ and $��\rightarrow 3��^0 \rightarrow 6��$ and coincident recoil nucleons were detected in a combined setup of the Crystal Ball and the TAPS calorimeters. The $��$-production cross sections were measured in coincidence with recoil protons, recoil neutrons, and in an inclusive mode without a condition on recoil nucleons, which allowed a check of the internal consistency of the data. The effects from nuclear Fermi motion were removed by a kinematic reconstruction of the final-state invariant mass and possible nuclear effects on the quasifree cross section were investigated by a comparison of free and quasifree proton data. The results, which represent a significant improvement in statistical quality compared to previous measurements, agree with the known neutron-to-proton cross-section ratio in the peak of the $S_{11}(1535)$ resonance and confirm a peak in the neutron cross section, which is absent for the proton, at a center-of-mass energy $W = (1670\pm 5)$ MeV with an intrinsic width of $��\approx 30$ MeV.

We present new data for the transverse target asymmetry T and the very first data for the beam-target asymmetry F in the $\vec ��\vec p\to��p$ reaction up to a center-of-mass energy of W=1.9 GeV. The data were obtained with the Crystal-Ball/TAPS detector setup at the Glasgow tagged photon facility of the Mainz Microtron MAMI. All existing model predictions fail to reproduce the new data indicating a significant impact on our understanding of the underlying dynamics of $��$ meson photoproduction. The peculiar nodal structure observed in existing T data close to threshold is not confirmed., 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in PRL

Information on the size and shape of the neutron skin on $^{208}$Pb has been extracted from coherent pion photoproduction cross sections measured using the Crystal Ball together with the Glasgow tagger at the MAMI electron beam facility. On exploitation of an interpolated fit of a theoretical model to the measured cross sections the half-height radius and diffuseness of the neutron distribution are found to be 6.70$\pm 0.03(stat)$ fm and 0.55$\pm 0.01(stat)$$^{+0.02}_{-0.03}(sys)$ fm respectively, corresponding to a neutron skin thickness $\Delta r_{np}$=0.15$\pm 0.03(stat)$$^{+0.01}_{-0.03}(sys)$ fm. The results give the first successful extraction of a neutron skin with an electromagnetic probe and indicate the skin of $^{208}$Pb has a halo character. The measurement provides valuable new constraints on both the structure of nuclei and the equation of state for neutron-rich matter., Comment: 4 figures 5 pages. Version submitted to journal. Includes additional studies of systematic effects in the extracted diffuseness, which led to a small increase in the quoted systematic error. These additional studies are discussed in the revised manuscript. Also includes minor editorial improvements to the text

The gamma p --> pi0 pi0 p reaction has been measured from threshold to 1.4 GeV using the Crystal Ball and TAPS photon spectrometers together with the photon tagging facility at the Mainz Microtron. The experimental results include total and differential cross sections as well as specific angular distributions, which were used to extract partial-wave amplitudes. In particular, the energy region below the D13(1520) resonance was studied., 12 pages, 13 figures, corrected version, published in PRC

The circular photon asymmetry for pi0 eta photoproduction on the proton was measured for the first time at the tagged photon facility of the MAMI C accelerator using the Crystal Ball/TAPS photon spectrometer. The experimental results are interpreted within a phenomenological isobar model that confirms the dominant role of the Delta(1700)D33 resonance. The measured asymmetry allows us to identify small contributions from positive-parity resonances via interference terms with the dominant D33 amplitude., 11 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys.Lett. B

The gp-->etap reaction has been measured with the Crystal Ball and TAPS multiphoton spectrometers in the energy range from the production threshold of 707 MeV to 1.4 GeV (1.49 =< W >= 1.87 GeV). Bremsstrahlung photons produced by the 1.5-GeV electron beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI-C and momentum analyzed by the Glasgow Tagging Spectrometer were used for the eta-meson production. Our accumulation of 3.8 x 10^6 gp-->etap-->3pi0p-->6gp events allows a detailed study of the reaction dynamics. The gp-->etap differential cross sections were determined for 120 energy bins and the full range of the production angles. Our data show a dip near W = 1680 MeV in the total cross section caused by a substantial dip in eta production at forward angles. The data are compared to predictions of previous SAID and MAID partial-wave analyses and to thelatest SAID and MAID fits that have included our data., 15 pages, 12 figures

A three-channel, multi-resonance, unitary model developed in 1995 is used to determine the $��N \rightarrow ��N$ and $��N \rightarrow ��N$ amplitudes using as input the latest data for the dominant $S_{11}$ $��N$ elastic scattering partial wave following suggestions of Prof. G. H��hler. The sign error in the numerical evaluation of the dispersion integral in the original publication is eliminated. The remaining weighted data set for the $��N \rightarrow ��N$ total and differential cross sections is used as in the original publication. The correction of the numerical error influences the $��N$ cusp effect and improves the quality of the fit to the input data. However, our new result for the $��N$ scattering length, $a_{��N }= (0.717 \pm 0.030) + i (0.263 \pm 0.025)$ fm, is a sole consequence of the correction of the $S_{11}$ input and suggests that the $��d$ system is unbound or loosely bound., 21 pages (latex) + 11 figures (PostScript)

The pi N --> eta N and eta N --> eta N partial wave T-matrices for the eight lowest partial waves have been obtained in a three coupled channel model with unitarity manifestly imposed. The two physical channels are pi_N and eta_N, and the third channel, pi_pi_N is an effective, but unphysical two body channel which represents all remaining processes. The pi_N elastic phase shifts and the weighted data base of the pi- p --> eta n total and differential cross sections are chosen as the input for the fitting procedure. A model containing a single resonance in each of the three partial waves that dominates the eta production at lower energies is compared with previous analyses, based on similar assumptions. A multiresonance coupled channel model is introduced which significantly improves the agreement with all input data. Our results are compared with a complementary multiresonance coupled channel analysis that is constrained with elastic and continuum production channels. The inclusion of the fourth P11 resonance in the 1440 - 2200 MeV region further improves the agreement between the analysis and the data., PostScript figures now included, revtex, 28 pages + 6 figures (gzip + uuencode) submitted to Phys. Rev. C