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1. Status of the KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author

F. Di Pierro, W.D. Apel, F. Badea, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, T. Huege, K.-H. Kampert, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, C. Meurer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, O. Sima, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, and D. Zimmermann

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, KASCADE, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Published
2007

2. Primary energy reconstruction from the charged particle densities recorded at 500 m distance from shower core with the KASCADE-Grande detector

Author

G. Toma, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brâncuş, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P. L. Ghia, H. J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J. R. Hörandel, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H. O. Klages, K. Link, P. Łuczak, M. Ludwig, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, M. Melissas, J. Milke, B. Mitrică, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, N. Palmieri, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. G. Schröder, O. Sima, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, and J. Zabierowski

Subjects
Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Plane (geometry), Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Observable, Charged particle, Core (optical fiber), Nuclear physics, KASCADE, Primary (astronomy), GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries)
Abstract

Previous EAS investigations have shown that for a fixed primary energy the charged particle density becomes independent of the primary mass at certain (fixed) distances from the shower axis. This feature can be used as an estima- tor for the primary energy. We present results on the recon- struction of the primary energy spectrum of cosmic rays from the experimentally recorded S(500) observable (the density of charged particles at a distance of 500 m to the shower core as measured in a plane normal to the shower axis) using the KASCADE-Grande detector array. The KASCADE-Grande experiment is hosted by the Karlsruhe Institute for Technol- ogy - Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany, 110 m a.s.l. and

Published
2011

3. The KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author

J Blümer, W D Apel, J C Arteaga, F Badea, K Bekk, M Bertaina, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, A Chiavassa, E Cantoni, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, V de Souza, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, J Engler, M Finger, D Fuhrmann, P L Ghia, H J Gils, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Haungs, D Heck, J R Hörandel, T Huege, P G Isar, K-H Kampert, D Kickelbick, H O Klages, Y Kolotaev, P Luczak, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, C Meurer, J Milke, B Mitrica, A Morales, C Morello, G Navarra, S Nehls, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, T Pierog, S Plewnia, H Rebel, M Roth, H Schieler, O Sima, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, J Zabierowski, and The KASCADE-Grande Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, History, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, ENERGIA, Computer Science Applications, Education, Nuclear physics, Air shower, Rigidity (electromagnetism), Data acquisition, KASCADE, Scintillation counter, Energy spectrum, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Instrumentation
Abstract

The KASCADE-Grande experiment measures extensive air showers induced by primary cosmic rays in the energy range 1014 – 1018 eV. The major motivation for KASCADE-Grande is the investigation of the so called ”knee” in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays and its presumed rigidity dependence. A short overview of the experimental setup with focus on the Grande array and its new data acquisition system is given. As an example of analysis the reconstruction of the total muon number is presented.

Published
2010

4. Restoring The Azimuthal Symmetry Of Charged Particle Lateral Density In The Range Of KASCADE-Grande

Author

O. Sima, H. Rebel, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P. L. Ghia, H. J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J. R. Hörandel, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H. O. Klages, K. Link, P. Łuczak, M. Ludwig, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, M. Melissas, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, N. Palmieri, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. G. Schröder, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, Livius Trache, Alexei Smirnov, and Sabin Stoica

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Azimuth, Range (particle radiation), Air shower, KASCADE, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Plane (geometry), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Observable, Charged particle, Symmetry (physics)
Abstract

KASCADE‐Grande, an extension of the former KASCADE experiment, is a multi‐component Extensive Air Shower (EAS) experiment located in Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Campus North), Germany. An important observable for analyzing the EAS is the lateral density of charged particles in the intrinsic shower plane. This observable is deduced from the basic information provided by the Grande scintillators—the energy deposit—first in the observation plane, by using a Lateral Energy Correction Function (LECF), then in the intrinsic shower plane, by applying an adequate mapping procedure. In both steps azimuthal.

Published
2010

5. Test of the hadronic interaction model EPOS with air shower data

Author

W D Apel, J C Arteaga, F Badea, K Bekk, M Bertaina, J Blümer, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, E Cantoni, A Chiavassa, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, V de Souza, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, J Engler, M Finger, D Fuhrmann, P L Ghia, H J Gils, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Haungs, D Heck, J R Hörandel, T Huege, P G Isar, K-H Kampert, D Kang, D Kickelbick, H O Klages, Y Kolotaev, P Luczak, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, J Milke, B Mitrica, C Morello, G Navarra, S Nehls, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, T Pierog, H Rebel, M Roth, H Schieler, F Schröder, O Sima, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, M Wommer, and J Zabierowski

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Air shower, KASCADE, PARTÍCULAS ELEMENTARES, Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Interaction model, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Predictions of the hadronic interaction model EPOS~1.61 as implemented in the air shower simulation program CORSIKA are compared to observations with the KASCADE experiment. The investigations reveal that the predictions of EPOS are not compatible with KASCADE measurements. The discrepancies seen are most likely due to use of a set of inelastic hadronic cross sections that are too high., Comment: Journal of Physics G in press

Published
2009

6. New method to measure the attenuation of hadrons in extensive air showers

Author

W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, F. Badea, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P. L. Ghia, H. J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, D. Hildebrand, J. R. Hörandel, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H. O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, P. Łuczak, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. Schröder, O. Sima, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, and J. Zabierowski

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Attenuation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Attenuation length, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ENERGIA, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Extensive air showers are generated through interactions of high-energy cosmic rays impinging the Earth's atmosphere. A new method is described to infer the attenuation of hadrons in air showers. The numbers of electrons and muons, registered with the scintillator array of the KASCADE experiment are used to estimate the energy of the shower inducing primary particle. A large hadron calorimeter is used to measure the hadronic energy reaching observation level. The ratio of energy reaching ground level to the energy of the primary particle is used to derive an attenuation length of hadrons in air showers. In the energy range from $10^6$ GeV to $3\cdot10^7$ GeV the attenuation length obtained increases from 170 \gcm2 to 210 \gcm2. The experimental results are compared to predictions of simulations based on contemporary high energy interaction models., Comment: accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2009

7. Primary Energy Reconstruction from the Charged Particle Densities Recorded with the KASCADE-Grande Detector at 500 m Distance from Shower Core

Author

G. Toma, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P. L. Ghia, H. J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J. R. Hörandel, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H. O. Klages, K. Link, P. Łuczak, M. Ludwig, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, M. Melissas, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, N. Palmieri, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. Schröder, O. Sima, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, Livius Trache, Alexei Smirnov, and Sabin Stoica

Subjects
Core (optical fiber), Physics, Nuclear physics, Range (particle radiation), KASCADE, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Energy level, Cosmic ray, Zenith, Charged particle
Abstract

Previous EAS investigations have shown that for a fixed primary energy the charged particle density becomes independent of the primary mass at certain (fixed) distances from the shower core. This feature can be used as an estimator for the primary energy. We present results on the reconstruction of the primary energy spectrum of cosmic rays from the experimentally recorded S(500) observable (the density of charged particles at 500 m distance to the shower core) using the KASCADE‐Grande detector array. The KASCADE‐Grande experiment is hosted by the Karlsruhe Institute for Technology—Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany, and operated by an international collaboration. The constant intensity cut (CIC) method is applied to evaluate the attenuation of the S(500) observable with the zenith angle and is corrected for. A calibration of S(500) values with the primary energy has been worked out by simulations and was applied to the data to obtain the primary energy spectrum (in the energy range log10[E0/GeV]∈[7.5,9]). ...

8. Study of CR primaries and their cascades at Eo = 10 ÷ 100 TeV through EAS-TOP and MACRO

Author

M. Bertaina

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Spectral line, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Telescope, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Macro, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

A measurement of the lateral distribution of Cherenkov light in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) at E o = 10 ÷ 100 TeV and a study of the compatibility of the photon number spectra with the expectations from the direct measurements of p and α spectra and the Corsika-QGSJET propagation code in the atmosphere have been performed at the National Gran Sasso Laboratories by the EAS-TOP and MACRO arrays. The telescope array of EAS-TOP has been used as the Cherenkov light detector. The muon tracking system of MACRO in the deep underground Gran Sasso Laboratories (Eμ > 1.3 TeV) served as the EAS detector, including core localization and arrival direction.

9. EAS-TOP: The proton-air inelastic cross-section at

Author

L. Bergamasco, P. Galeotti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M. Iacovacci, E. Cantoni, M. E. Bertaina, G. Mannocchi, Gian Carlo Trinchero, Antonella Castellina, O. Saavedra, Piero Vallania, A. Chiavassa, F. Arneodo, Bruno Alessandro, G. Di Sciascio, Piera Luisa Ghia, C. Morello, A. Stamerra, G. Navarra, S. Vernetto, Carlo Vigorito, Pietro Antonioli, W. Fulgione, Marco Aglietta, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A., Castellina, E., Cantoni, A., Chiavassa, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Di Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, A., Stamerra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cross section (physics), Muon, Air shower, Proton, Attenuation length, Cosmic ray, Atomic physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

The proton-air inelastic cross section measurement at s ≈ 2 TeV from the EAS-TOP Extensive Air Shower experiment is reported. The technique exploits cosmic ray proton primaries, in the energy region E 0 = ( 1.5 ÷ 2.5 ) ⋅ 10 15 eV , studying the absorption length of their cascades when detected at maximum development. Primary energies are selected through the EAS muon number ( N e ), and proton originated cascades at maximum development by means of the shower size ( N e ). The shower and detector fluctuations are obtained with simulations performed using the CORSIKA code and the QGSJET II and SIBYLL interaction models. The simulations provide the conversion factor ( k = λ o b s / λ i n t ), from the observed absorption length ( λ o b s e x p ) to the interaction length ( λ p − air ). The obtained value of the p-air inelastic cross section at s ≈ 2 TeV is σ p − air i n e l = 338 ± 21 ( s t a t ) ± 19 ( s y s t ) − 28 ( s y s t ) mb . The relevant issue of systematic uncertainties have been studied. The connections with the pp ( p ¯ p ) total cross section measurements are discussed.

Published
2009

10. Study of the cosmic ray primary spectrum at 1015 < E0 < 1016 eV with the EAS-TOP array

Author

Antonella Castellina, C. Morello, Marco Aglietta, G. Cini Castagnoli, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, A. Chiavassa, Bruno Alessandro, O. Saavedra, Carlotta Castagnoli, P. L. Ghia, L. Bergamasco, M. Iacovacci, A. Lima de Godoi, G. Mannocchi, W. Fulgione, P. Galeotti, Carlo Vigorito, Gian Carlo Trinchero, M. E. Bertaina, S. Valchierotti, Piero Vallania, F. Arneodo, G. Di Sciascio, Pietro Antonioli, G. Navarra, S. Vernetto, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, A. L., De, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, S., Valchierotti, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Primary energy, Primary (astronomy), Cosmic ray, Electron, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Power law, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The break observed in the electron shower size power law spectrum of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) at corresponding primary energy E-0 similar to (3 - 5)10(15) eV ("knee") is studied in different EAS components (electromagnetic and muonic) and at different atmospheric depths. A consistent description is obtained. The interpretation of data in terms of primary composition, and following the most accepted high energy interaction models, leads to an increasing average primary mass in this energy range. The study of such behaviour is expected to provide a crucial information for the understanding of the physical parameters that characterize the break for the different primaries.

Published
2000

11. Study of the c.r. composition and interaction at E0 = 10 – 100 TeV from the observation of H.E. muons and atmospheric Cherenkov light in EAS

Author

F. Gomez Serito, L. Pinsky, G.T. Zatsepin, A. Turtelli, A. De Silva, P. V. Korchaguin, B. Alessandro, R. Nania, A. Contin, A. Megna, L. G. Dos Santos, G. Badino, F. Cindolo, J.A. Chinellato, C. Morello, N. Inoue, M. Selvi, G.C. Trinchero, K. Lau, F. Arneodo, E.D. Alyea, V.S. Berezinsky, A. Chiavassa, A. Bosco, V.P. Talochkin, V. G. Ryasny, P. Dominici, R. Granella, F. F. Khalchukov, M. Basile, Antonella Castellina, E. S. Hafen, V. A. Kudryavtsev, R. Bertoni, G. Sartorelli, R. I. Enikeev, I. Yamamoto, P. Vallania, J. Moromisato, G. Cara Romeo, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, R. Weinstein, P. Picchi, G. Cini Castagnoli, G. Bari, G. Vigorito, F. Grianti, E. von Goeler, A. Zichichi, L. Emaldi, A. Pesci, I.A. Pless, O. Saavedra, G. Navarra, N. Mengotti Silva, S. Vernetto, P. Giusti, G. Mannocchi, J. Pyrlik, L. Periale, V. L. Dadykin, V. B. Korchaguin, T. Wada, O.G. Ryazhskaya, N. Taborgna, G. Bonoli, G. Conforto, M. E. Bertaina, J. Tang, L. Panaro, M. Luvisetto, Marco Aglietta, F. Bersani, M. Widgoff, R. Mantovani, S. Santini, B. Alpat, G. Guidi, P. b. Ghia, V.F. Yakushev, E. Kemp, Giuseppe Iacobucci, I. Uman, F. Vetrano, M. Deutsch, G. Maccarone, W. Fulgione, C. Castagnoli, F. L. Fabbri, K. Saitoh, A. S. Malguin, C. Ghetti, S. Tsuji, L. Votano, G. Van Buren, E. V. Korolkova, P. Haridas, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, M. Iacovacci, G. Di Sciascio, T. Massam, G. Bruni, L. Bergamasco, P. Galeotti, B. Mayes, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, B., Alpat, E. D., Alyea, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, G., Badino, G., Bari, M., Basile, V. S., Berezinsky, L., Bergamasco, F., Bersani, M., Bertaina, R., Bertoni, G., Bonoli, A., Bosco, G., Bruni, G. C., Romeo, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, J. A., Chinellato, L., Cifarelli, F., Cindolo, G., Conforto, A., Contin, V. L., Dadykin, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, A. D., Silva, M., Deutsch, G. D., Sciascio, P., Dominici, L. G., Do, L., Emaldi, R. I., Enikeev, F. L., Fabbri, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, C., Ghetti, P., Ghia, P., Giusti, F. G., Serito, R., Granella, F., Grianti, G., Guidi, E. S., Hafen, P., Harida, G., Iacobucci, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Inoue, E., Kemp, F. F., Khalchukov, E. V., Korolkova, P. V., Korchaguin, V. B., Korchaguin, V. A., Kudryavtsev, K., Lau, M., Luvisetto, G., Maccarone, A. S., Malguin, G., Mannocchi, R., Mantovani, T., Massam, B., Maye, A., Megna, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, J., Moromisato, R., Nania, G., Navarra, L., Panaro, L., Periale, A., Pesci, P., Picchi, L., Pinsky, I. A., Ple, J., Pyrlik, V. G., Ryasny, O. G., Ryazhskaya, O., Saavedra, K., Saitoh, S., Santini, G., Sartorelli, M., Selvi, N., Taborgna, V. P., Talochkin, J., Tang, G. C., Trinchero, S., Tsuji, A., Turtelli, I., Uman, P., Vallania, G. V., Buren, S., Vernetto, F., Vetrano, C., Vigorito, E. v., Goeler, L., Votano, T., Wada, R., Weinstein, M., Widgoff, V. F., Yakushev, I., Yamamoto, G. T., Zatsepin, and A., Zichichi

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Physics, GRAN SASSO, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, Muon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Threshold energy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon, DETECTOR, Cherenkov radiation, Lepton
Abstract

In the energy region 10 - 100 TeV both the c.r. composition from direct measurements and the cross section for high energy secondary production in the very forward region for p-air interactions are rather uncertain. Contemporaneous measurements of the total energy and of the threshold energy/nucleon of the primary particle can be provided by the atmospheric Cherenkov light and high energy muons. These measurements are performed by the combined operation of the Cherenkov array of the EAS-TOP experiment on the surface (810 gcm(2) atmospheric depth) and of the LVD experiment in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratories (3300 m w.e.; E-mu(th) = 1.3 TeV) leading to the measurement of < N-mu > (E-mu > 1.3 TeV, E-o) in the given energy range. The combined operation of the experiments and preliminary results are reported.

Published
1999

12. The cosmic ray proton,helium and CNO fluxes in the 100 TeV energy region from TeV muons and EAS atmospheric Cherenkov light observations of MACRO and EAS-TOP

Author

G. Giannini, F. Maaroufi, Ioannis Katsavounidis, G. C. Barbarino, G. Mandrioli, N. Giglietto, G. Mancarella, J. Reynoldson, Eugenio Scapparone, M. De Vincenzi, L. Perrone, Teresa Montaruli, Gregory Tarle, L. R. Sulak, G. Battistoni, M. Cozzi, L. Patrizii, G. Cini, Hyun-Chul Kim, A. A. Grillo, V. Popa, Pietro Antonioli, F.J. Ronga, M. Ambrosio, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, F. Arneodo, H. Dekhissi, R. Nolty, S. Cecchini, Carlo Vigorito, A. Chiavassa, S. L. Mufson, M. Spinetti, C. Favuzzi, Donato Nicolo, M. Iacovacci, I. De Mitri, M. Vakili, R. Antolini, M. Giorgini, M. J. Longo, B. C. Choudhary, C. Satriano, G. de Cataldo, G. Navarra, C. R. Bower, R.M. Heinz, R. Caruso, E. Katsavounidis, F. Guarino, Kate Scholberg, Giuseppe Osteria, A. Marzari-Chiesa, D. Martello, E. Kearns, S. Petrera, P. Fusco, Marco Monteno, J. L. Stone, C. De Marzo, S. Valchierotti, O. Saavedra, J. Derkaoui, A. Stamerra, Vincenzo Patera, M. E. Bertaina, L. Bergamasco, C. Forti, P. Spinelli, Andrea Carlo Marini, Kael Hanson, Marco Aglietta, C. Orth, F. Loparco, R. Pazzi, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, J. A. Musser, A. Sciubba, Np Longley, G. Giacomelli, M. Brigida, A. Baldini, P. Galeotti, C. E. Lane, O. Erriquez, Maurizio Spurio, O. Palamara, B. C. Barish, S. Vernetto, P. L. Ghia, D. Campana, C. W. Peck, G. Sirri, E. Lamanna, Tommaso Chiarusi, Alec Habig, M. Grassi, D. G. Michael, M. Carboni, A. Rainò, C. Morello, C. Bemporad, W. Fulgione, F. Cafagna, R. Steinberg, M. N. Mazziotta, Maximiliano Sioli, Yvonne Becherini, Fabrizio Cei, G. Mannocchi, A. Di Credico, S. Kyriazopoulou, P. Vallania, V. Togo, Bruno Alessandro, Roberto Bellotti, D. Levin, A. Surdo, R. C. Webb, P. Bernardini, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Antonella Castellina, Annarita Margiotta, Carlotta Castagnoli, M. Calicchio, Halina Bilokon, V. Chiarella, P. Monacelli, S. Coutu, G. C. Trinchero, E. Iarocci, G. Di Sciascio, Paolo Lipari, C. W. Walter, Aglietta M., Alessandro B., Antonioli P., Arneodo F., Bergamasco L., Bertaina M., Castagnoli C., Castellina A., Chiavassa A., Cini G., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B., di Sciascio G., Fulgione W., Galeotti P., Ghia P. L., Iacovacci M., Mannocchi G., Morello C., Navarra G., Saavedra O., Stamerra A., Trinchero G. C., Valchierotti S., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Vigorito C., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Baldini A., Barbarino G. C., Barish B. C., Battistoni G., Becherini Y., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bower C., Brigida M., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Caruso R., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Chiarusi T., Choudhary B. C., Coutu S., Cozzi M., de Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., Derkaoui J., de Vincenzi M., di Credico A., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Giorgini M., Grassi M., Grillo A., Guarino F., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Heinz R., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Katsavounidis I., Kearns E., Kim H., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D. S., Lipari P., Longley N. P., Longo M. J., Loparco F., Maaroufi F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Margiotta A., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M. N., Michael D. G., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolò D., Nolty R., Orth C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C. W., Perrone L., Petrera S., Popa V., Rainò A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Satriano C., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Sioli M., Sirri G., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steinberg R., Stone J. L., Sulak L. R., Surdo A., Tarlé G., Togo V., Vakili M., Walter C. W., Webb R., M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G., Cini, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G., Di Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, M., Iacovacci, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, A., Stamerra, G. C., Trinchero, S., Valchierotti, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, Y., Becherini, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, Bernardini, Paolo, H., Bilokon, C., Bower, M., Brigida, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, R., Caruso, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, T., Chiarusi, B. C., Choudhary, S., Coutu, M., Cozzi, G., De Cataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., De Marzo, DE MITRI, Ivan, J., Derkaoui, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Giorgini, M., Grassi, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, R., Heinz, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, I., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, H., Kim, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Maaroufi, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, D. G., Michael, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicolo', R., Nolty, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, Perrone, Lorenzo, S., Petrera, V., Popa, A., Raino', J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, C., Satriano, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, M., Sioli, G., Sirri, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarle', V., Togo, M., Vakili, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, Iacovacci, Michele, Aglietta, M, Alessandro, B, Antonioli, P, Arneodo, F, Bergamasco, L, Bertaina, M, Castagnoli, C, Castellina, A, Chiavassa, A, Cini, G, Piazzoli, Bd, Di Sciascio, G, Fulgione, W, Galeotti, P, Ghia, Pl, Iacovacci, M, Mannocchi, G, Morello, C, Navarra, G, Saavedra, O, Stamerra, A, Trinchero, Gc, Valchierotti, S, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Y, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Caruso, R, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Chiarusi, T, Choudhary, Bc, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Loparco, F, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Satriano, C, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Vakili, M, Walter, Cw, Webb, R., Guarino, Fausto, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Macro, and EAS TOP, Collaborations

Subjects
Proton, EAS-TOP, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, MACRO, Nuclear physics, Raggi cosmici, cosmic rays, Cosmic rays, composition, high energies, extensive air showers, underground muons, Cherenkov radiation, Helium, Astroparticle physics, Physics, Muon, Cherenkov detectors, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Sciami estesi, chemistry, Muoni sotterranei, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon, Composizione
Abstract

The primary cosmic ray (CR) proton, helium and CNO fluxes in the energy range 80-300 TeV are studied at the National Gran Sasso Laboratories by means of EAS-TOP (Campo Imperatore, 2005 m a.s.l.) and MACRO (deep underground, 3100 m w.e., the surface energy threshold for a muon reaching the detector being E-mu(th) approximate to 1.3 TeV). The measurement is based on: (a) the selection of primaries based on their energy/nucleon (i.e., with energy/nucleon sufficient to produce a muon with energy larger than 1.3 TeV) and the reconstruction of the shower geometry by means of the muons recorded by MACRO in the deep underground laboratories; (b) the detection of the associated atmospheric Cherenkov light (C.l.) signals by means of the C.l. detector of EAS-TOP. The C.l. density at core distance r > 100 m is directly related to the total primary energy E-0. Proton and helium ("p + He") and proton, helium and CNO ("p + He + CNO") primaries are thus selected at E-0 approximate to 80 TeV, and at E-0 similar or equal to 250 TeV, respectively. Their flux is measured: J(p+He)(80 TeV) = (1.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(-6) m(-1)-s(-1) sr(-1) TeV-1, and J(p+He+CNO)(250 TeV) = (1.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-7) m(-2)-s(-1) sr(-1) TeV-1, their relative weights being J(p+He)(J(p+He+CNO)) over bar (250 TeV) = 0.78 +/- 0.17. By using the measurements of the proton spectrum obtained from the direct experiments and hadron flux data in the atmosphere, we obtain for the relative weights of the three components at 250 TeV: J(p) : J(He) : J(CNO) = (0.20 +/- 0.08) : (0.58 +/- 0.19) : (0.22 +/- 0.17). This corresponds to the dominance of helium over proton primaries at 100-1000 TeV, and a possible non-negligible contribution from CNO. The lateral distribution of Cherenkov light in Extensive Air Showers (EASs), which is related to the rate of energy deposit of the primary in the atmosphere, is measured for a selected proton and helium primary beam, and good agreement is found when compared with the one calculated with the CORSIKA/QGSJET simulation model. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2004

13. Measurement of the cosmic ray hadron spectrum up to 30 TeV at mountain altitude: the primary proton spectrum

Author

O. Saavedra, C. Morello, P.L. Ghia, C. Castagnoli, F. Arneodo, A. Castellina, P. Galeotti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G. Cini Castagnoli, Carlo Vigorito, Pietro Antonioli, G. Mannocchi, P. Vallania, W. Fulgione, L. Riccati, S. Vernetto, G. Di Sciascio, M. Aglietta, G. Navarra, Bruno Alessandro, M. E. Bertaina, G.C. Trinchero, S. Valchierotti, M. Iacovacci, L. Bergamasco, A. Chiavassa, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, S., Valchierotti, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, FLUX, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, Proton, NUCLEI, Hadron, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, HELIUM SPECTRA, ATMOSPHERE, Astrophysics, Power law, Nuclear physics, Altitude, KASCADE, Cosmic rays, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The flux of cosmic ray hadrons at the atmospheric depth of 820 g/cm^2 has been measured by means of the EAS-TOP hadron calorimeter (Campo Imperatore, National Gran Sasso Laboratories, 2005 m a.s.l.). The hadron spectrum is well described by a single power law : S(E_h) = (2.25 +- 0.21 +- 0.34(sys)) 10^(-7)(E_h/1000)^(-2.79 +- 0.05) m^(-2) s^(-1) sr^(-1) GeV^(-1) over the energy range 30 GeV-30 TeV. The procedure and the accuracy of the measurement are discussed. The primary proton spectrum is derived from the data by using the CORSIKA/QGSJET code to compute the local hadron flux as a function of the primary proton spectrum and to calculate and subtract the heavy nuclei contribution (basing on direct measurements). Over a wide energy range E_0 = 0.5-50 TeV its best fit is given by a single power law : S(E_0) = (9.8 +- 1.1 +- 1.6(sys)) 10^(-5) (E_0/1000)^(-2.80 +- 0.06) m^(-2) s^(-1) sr^(-1) GeV^(-1). The validity of the CORSIKA/QGSJET code for such application has been checked using the EAS-TOP and KASCADE experimental data by reproducing the ratio of the measured hadron fluxes at the two experimental depths (820 and 1030 g/cm^2 respectively) at better than 10% in the considered energy range., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

Published
2002

14. The hadron calorimeter of EAS-TOP: operation, calibration and resolution

Author

A. Castellina, P. Vallania, F. Arneodo, A. Chiavassa, C. Morello, L. Bergamasco, R. Bertoni, M. Aglietta, Carlotta Castagnoli, A. Campos Fauth, O. Saavedra, R. Adinolfi Falcone, P.L. Ghia, M. E. Bertaina, Pietro Antonioli, W. Fulgione, E. Tatananni, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Bruno Alessandro, G. Cini Castagnoli, M. Iacovacci, G. Navarra, G.C. Trinchero, S. Vernetto, L. Riccati, G. Mannocchi, A. Giuliano, P. Galeotti, G. Di Sciascio, Carlo Vigorito, Helio Nogima, R. A., Falcone, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, R., Bertoni, A. C., Fauth, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, A., Giuliano, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, H., Nogima, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, E., Tatananni, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, R., Adinolfi Falcone, A., Campos Fauth, G., Cini Castagnoli, and G., Di Sciascio

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Calibration curve, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Resolution (electron density), Hadron, GRAN-SASSO, Nuclear physics, PHYSICS, COSMIC-RAY EVENTS, Calibration, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing), Beam (structure)
Abstract

We describe and discuss the operation, calibration and stability of the EAS-TOP calorimeter (Campo Imperatore, National Gran Sasso Laboratories), a large area hadron and muon detector devoted to cosmic-ray physics. It consists of iron slabs (for a total thickness of 818 g cm(-2)) and Iarocci tubes as sensitive layers, operating in the streamer mode and the "quasi proportional" regime. Using a model describing the operation of the "quasi proportional" chambers, we derive a calibration curve in the energy range 50-5000 GeV, whose reliability has been indirectly checked through on-site measurements, by means of an accelerator beam run (up to similar or equal to 600-700 GeV) and by comparing the model predictions on hadron shower transition curves with the data. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
1999

15. The high energy muon spectrum in extensive air showers: first data from LVD and EAS-TOP at Gran Sasso

Author

T. Massam, Isao Yamamoto, Giovanni Badino, P. Giusti, Rosario Nania, L. G. Dos Santos, M. Selvi, L. Periale, J. H. Moromisato, A. Chiavassa, G. Cara Romeo, Carlotta Castagnoli, P. L. Ghia, R. Mantovani, N. Inoue, A. Campos Fauth, G. Bari, O. Saavedra, G. Di Sciascio, H. Nogima, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, W. Fulgione, R. Bertoni, J. Pyrlik, O. G. Ryazhskaya, V. S. Berezinsky, E. D. Alyea, P. Haridas, Antonino Zichichi, V. B. Korchaguin, B. Mayes, L. Bergamasco, V. P. Talochkin, A. Pesci, E. S. Hafen, R. I. Enikeev, I. A. Pless, S. Tsuji, C. Ghetti, V. L. Dadykin, G. Navarra, A. Turtelli, G. Guidi, L. Emaldi, C. Morello, I. Uman, G. C. Trinchero, M. Iacovacci, M. Basile, A. Megna, A. De Silva, Kwong Lau, Andrea Contin, A. S. Malguin, Tomonori Wada, M. Widgoff, V. A. Kudryavtsev, Giuseppe Iacobucci, F. Vetrano, M. Deutsch, F. Grianti, Behcet Alpat, E. V. Korolkova, Pietro Antonioli, L. Panaro, Luisa Cifarelli, V. F. Yakushev, N. Taborgna, A. Bosco, K. Saitoh, Marco Aglietta, F. Bersani, Stefano Santini, Lawrence Pinsky, G. Bruni, M. Luvisetto, P. Vallania, G. Cini Castagnoli, M. E. Bertaina, G. T. Zatsepin, G. Bonoli, F. Arneodo, G. Maccarrone, S. Vernetto, P. Dominici, R. Granella, A. Lima de Godoi, G. Mannocchi, F. F. Khalchukov, V. G. Ryasny, G. Conforto, N. Mengotti Silva, F. Cindolo, Jose Chinellato, P. V. Korchaguin, P. Picchi, Carlo Vigorito, J. Tang, E. Kemp, P. Galeotti, Roy Weinstein, Gabriella Sartorelli, E. von Goeler, Antonella Castellina, L. Votano, Bruno Alessandro, Fabrizio Fabbri, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, B., Alpat, E. D., Alyea, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, G., Badino, G., Bari, M., Basile, V. S., Berezinsky, L., Bergamasco, F., Bersani, M., Bertaina, R., Bertoni, G., Bonoli, A., Bosco, G., Bruni, A. C., Fauth, G. C., Romeo, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, L., Cifarelli, F., Cindolo, G. C., Castagnoli, G., Conforto, A., Contin, V. L., Dadykin, A. D., Silva, M., Deutsch, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, P., Dominici, L. G., Do, L., Emaldi, R. I., Enikeev, F. L., Fabbri, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, C., Ghetti, P. L., Ghia, P., Giusti, R., Granella, F., Grianti, G., Guidi, E. S., Hafen, P., Harida, G., Iacobucci, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Inoue, E., Kemp, F. F., Khalchukov, E. V., Korolkova, P. V., Korchaguin, V. B., Korchaguin, V. A., Kudryavtsev, K., Lau, A. L., De, M. L., Luvisetto, G., Maccarrone, A. S., Malguin, G., Mannocchi, R., Mantovani, T., Massam, B., Maye, A., Megna, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, J., Moromisato, R., Nania, G., Navarra, H., Nogima, L., Panaro, L., Periale, A., Pesci, P., Picchi, L., Pinsky, I. A., Ple, J., Pyrlik, V. G., Ryasny, O. G., Ryazhskaya, O., Saavedra, K., Saitoh, S., Santini, G., Sartorelli, M., Selvi, N., Taborgna, V. P., Talochkin, J., Tang, G. C., Trinchero, S., Tsuji, A., Turtelli, I., Uman, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, F., Vetrano, C., Vigorito, E. v., Goeler, L., Votano, T., Wada, R., Weinstein, M., Widgoff, V. F., Yakushev, I., Yamamoto, G. T., Zatsepin, and A., Zichichi

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, High energy, Muon, Coincident, SIMULATION, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, DETECTOR
Abstract

We present evidence for a dependence of the average deep underground muon energies on shower size in the coincident EAS-TOP and LVD data at the Gran Sasso laboratories. The measured relation agrees with a mixed chemical composition of the cosmic ray primary spectrum at energies around 10(15) eV. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Published
1998

16. Large-P-T physics with cosmic-ray events

Author

G. Mannocchi, A. Chiavassa, G. Di Sciascio, C. Melagrana, Antonella Castellina, A. E. Chudakov, G. Navarra, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M. Iacovacci, Piero Vallania, P. L. Ghia, A. Campos Fauth, O. Saavedra, F. Arneodo, Gian Carlo Trinchero, L. Riccati, Bruno Alessandro, L. Bergamasco, H. Nogima, A. Turtelli, C. Morello, V. A. Tizengauzen, Pietro Antonioli, S. Vernetto, M. E. Bertaina, G. Cini Castagnoli, A. S. Lidvansky, W. Fulgione, P. Galeotti, Marco Aglietta, N. Mengotti Silva, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A. C., Fauth, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, A. E., Chudakov, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, A. S., Lidvansky, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, G., Navarra, H., Nogima, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, V. A., Tizengauzen, A., Turtelli, P., Vallania, and S., Vernetto

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Jet (particle physics), JET PRODUCTION, Nuclear physics, COLLIDER, ENERGY, Air shower, Transverse momentum, PARTICLES, Granularity, LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM
Abstract

Extensive Air Shower (EAS) experiments with high granularity have reported the detection of multicore events. On the other hand, multicluster and double-core events have been observed with emulsion chambers (EC) at mountain altitudes since the late '70s. A striking characteristic of these events is the large transverse momentum of the clusters. At accelerator energy region, it is known that jet production in deep inelastic hadronic processes is associated with the emission of large-P T particles. In this paper we analyse the possibility that both EAS and EC events represent the same physical process, discussing the physical consequences of this fact and the possibilities offered by both techniques in integrating the accelerators data.

Published
1995

17. Study of the primary cosmic ray composition around the knee of the energy spectrum

Author

C. W. Peck, G. Giannini, M. Goretti, F. Guarino, G. Liu, R. Baker, A. Marzari Chiesa, A. Corona, N. Giglietto, L. Patrizii, V. Valente, O. Erriquez, M. Severi, Fabrizio Cei, G. Mandrioli, Vincenzo Patera, M. Aglietta, M. Spinetti, J. L. Stone, B. Pavesi, M. Mittelbrun, V. Bisi, C. DeMarzo, C. R. Bower, L. Satta, A. Sciubba, G.C. Trinchero, M. Ambrosio, D. Martello, O. Palamara, Pietro Antonioli, C. Melagrana, C. Bloise, Erik Katsavounidis, B. C. Barish, P. Fusco, P. Serra Lugaresi, M. E. Bertaina, J. A. Musser, D. Ficenec, C. W. Walter, Steven Ahlen, E. Kearns, H. Dekhissi, S. L. Mufson, A. Margiotta-Neri, G. Ludlam, Andrea Carlo Marini, F. Sartogo, M. Iacovacci, P. Pistilli, D. Campana, J. Petrakis, S. Klein, D. G. Michael, P. Bernardini, S. L. Nutter, A. Rainò, C. Morello, G. Cini, M. N. Mazziotta, C. E. Lane, Giuseppe Osteria, A. Sanzgiri, F. Cafagna, G. Mancarella, C. Bemporad, R. Pazzi, J. Reynoldson, Teresa Montaruli, S. Parlati, M. De Mitri, A. Marin, A. Di Credico, Robert A. Cormack, Lawrence Sulak, Kate Scholberg, Paolo Lipari, S. Kyriazopoulou, M. Carboni, A. Campos Fauth, Marco Grassi, Marco Monteno, O. Saavedra, R. Liu, R. C. Webb, C. Okada, Bruno Alessandro, R. Steinberg, Kael Hanson, Maurizio Spurio, A. Surdo, S. Vernetto, L. Bergamasco, G. Battistoni, Edward Diehl, G.L. Sanzani, E. Iarocci, P. Green, R. Nolty, P. Guarnaccia, C. Satriano, S. Cecchini, P. Vallania, P.L. Ghia, Alec Habig, M. Calicchio, Roberto Bellotti, R.M. Heinz, S. Petrera, Halina Bilokon, G. Navarra, G. Mannocchi, G. Di Sciascio, Donato Nicolo, L. Miller, D. Levin, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, Y. Lu, W. Fulgione, N. D. Pignatano, E. Lamanna, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, J. Steele, M. J. Longo, Carlotta Castagnoli, A. Baldini, P. Spinelli, F. Arneodo, G. C. Barbarino, R. Antolini, A. Chiavassa, Eugenio Scapparone, L. Riccati, J. T. Hong, M. De Vincenzi, V. Togo, G. Auriemma, Gregory Tarle, P. Matteuzzi, G. DeCataldo, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, A. Castellina, C. Favuzzi, A. A. Grillo, C. Cattadori, V. Chiarella, P. Monacelli, P. Galeotti, S. Coutu, W. A. Worstell, C. Forti, G. Giacomelli, S P Mikheyev, F.J. Ronga, Aglietta, M, Alessandro, B, Antonioli, P, Arneodo, F, Bergamasco, L, Bertaina, M, Fauth, Ac, Castagnoli, C, Castellina, A, Cattadori, C, Chiavassa, A, Cini, G, Piazzoli, Bd, Disciascio, G, Fulgione, W, Galeotti, P, Ghia, Pl, Iacovacci, M, Mannocchi, G, Melagrana, C, Morello, C, Navarra, G, Riccati, L, Saavedra, O, Trinchero, Gc, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Ahlen, S, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Baker, R, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Cormack, R, Corona, A, Coutu, S, Decataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, Demarzo, C, Demitri, L, Devincenzi, M, Dicredico, A, Diehl, E, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Ficenec, D, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Goretti, M, Grassi, M, Green, P, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Guarnaccia, P, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Hong, Jt, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Kearns, E, Klein, S, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Liu, G, Liu, R, Longo, Mj, Lu, Y, Ludlam, G, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiottaneri, A, Marin, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Chiesa, Am, Matteuzzi, P, Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Mittelbrun, M, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Nutter, S, Okada, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Parlati, S, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pavesi, B, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Petrakis, J, Petrera, S, Pignatano, Nd, Pistilli, P, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Sanzani, G, Sanzgiri, A, Sartogo, F, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Lugaresi, P, Severi, M, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steele, J, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Valente, V, Walter, Cw, Webb, R, Worstell, W., M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A., Campos Fauth, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, C., Cattadori, A., Chiavassa, G., Cini, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G., Di Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, M., Iacovacci, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, C., Morello, G., Navarra, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, S., Ahlen, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, G., Auriemma, R., Baker, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, R., Cormack, A., Corona, S., Coutu, G., Decataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., Demarzo, M., De Mitri, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, E., Diehl, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, D., Ficenec, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Goretti, M., Grassi, P., Green, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, R., Heinz, J. T., Hong, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, S., Klein, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, G., Liu, R., Liu, M. J., Longo, Y., Lu, G., Ludlam, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta Neri, A., Marin, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzari Chiesa, P., Matteuzzi, M. N., Mazziotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, M., Mittelbrun, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicoló, R., Nolty, S., Nutter, C., Okada, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, S., Parlati, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, B., Pavesi, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, J., Petraki, S., Petrera, N. D., Pignatano, P., Pistilli, A., Rainó, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, G., Sanzani, A., Sanzgiri, F., Sartogo, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, J., Steele, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarlé, V., Togo, V., Valente, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, W., Worstell, A. C., Fauth, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, Iacovacci, Michele, Barbarino, Giancarlo, L., Demitri, M., Devincenzi, A., Dicredico, Guarino, Fausto, G., Mancarella, A., Margiottaneri, D., Martello, A. M., Chiesa, D., Nicolo, A., Raino, P. S., Lugaresi, G., Tarle, Aglietta M., Alessandro B., Antonioli P., Arneodo F., Bergamasco L., Bertaina M., Fauth A.C., Castagnoli C., Castellina A., Cattadori C., Chiavassa A., Cini G., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B., Di Sciascio G., Fulgione W., Galeotti P., Ghia P.L., Iacovacci M., Mannocchi G., Melagrana C., Morello C., Navarra G., Riccati L., Saavedra O., Trinchero G.C., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Ahlen S., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Auriemma G., Baker R., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barish B.C., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bisi V., Bloise C., Bower C., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Cormack R., Corona A., Coutu S., DeCataldo G., Dekhissi H., DeMarzo C., De Mitri M., De Vincenzi M., Di Credico A., Diehl E., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Ficenec D., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Goretti M., Grassi M., Green P., Grillo A., Guarino F., Guarnaccia P., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Heinz R., Hong J.T., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Kearns E., Klein S., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D.S., Lipari P., Liu G., Liu R., Longo M.J., Lu Y., Ludlam G., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Margiotta-Neri A., Marin A., Marini A., Martello D., Chiesa A.M., Matteuzzi P., Mazziotta M.N., Michael D.G., Mikheyev S., Miller L., Mittelbrun M., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolo D., Nolty R., Nutter S., Okada C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Parlati S., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pavesi B., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Petrakis J., Petrera S., Pignatano N.D., Pistilli P., Raino A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Sanzani G., Sanzgiri A., Sartogo F., Satriano C., Satta L., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Lugaresi P.S., Severi M., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steele J., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Togo V., Valente V., Walter C.W., Webb R., and Worstell W.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, EAS-TOP, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Other Fields of Physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, MACRO, Astrophysics, CASCADES, Coincidence, Spectral line, DEEP-UNDERGROUND MUONS, Nuclear physics, Primary (astronomy), Nuclear Experiment, Helium, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, GRAN-SASSO, MACRO DETECTOR, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gran Sasso, chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

A study of the primary cosmic ray composition in the energy range 5ṡ1014−5ṡ1015 eV is performed through the analysis of the deep underground muons and of the e.m. component of Extensive Air Showers detected in coincidence by the MACRO and EAS-TOP experiments at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. We conclude that: a) pure proton and Iron primary beams are excluded by the experimental data; b) a fraction of nuclei heavier than Helium is necessary to explain the experimental data both below and above the knee; c) a mixed composition, obtained a priori from extrapolations of the spectra directly measured below 100 TeV, yields a reasonable account of the observations up to the knee of the primary spectrum.

Published
1994

18. Search for Gamma-Ray Bursts at Photon Energies E >= 10 GeV and E >= 80 TeV

Author

W. Fulgione, Carlotta Castagnoli, Pietro Antonioli, F. Arneodo, P. Vallania, A. Castellina, C. Morello, M. Aglietta, G. Cini Castagnoli, R. Granella, M. E. Bertaina, G. Mannocchi, C. Melagrana, M. Iacovacci, N. Mengotti Silva, S. Vernetto, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Bruno Alessandro, G. Navarra, P.L. Ghia, L. Riccati, Carlo Vigorito, G. Di Sciascio, L. Bergamasco, G.C. Trinchero, P. Galeotti, O. Saavedra, A. Chiavassa, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A., Castellina, C., Castagnoli, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, R., Granella, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, G., Navarra, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Photon, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, EASTOP experiment, Gamma-ray burst, GRB search
Abstract

The EAS-TOP extensive air shower array has been operating since 1992 in the search for gamma-ray bursts at primary energies E(1) greater than or equal to 10 GeV and E(2) greater than or equal to 80 TeV. The study is performed by searching for short transients in the cosmic-ray intensity in the single particle (E(1)) and extensive air shower (E(2)) counting rates at mountain altitude (2005 m above sea level). We discuss the method and the results obtained both in sky survey and in correlation with BATSE events. In both energy ranges, the observed fluctuations in the event rate obtained in the sky survey during similar to 800 days of live time are compatible with the statistical fluctuations of the cosmic-ray background. A single candidate of time duration Delta t similar to 2 s and energy fluence F(10 < E < 100 GeV) = 1.7 x 10(-4)/(cos theta)(10.5) ergs cm(-2) (where theta is the unknown zenith angle) has been observed on 1992 July 15 at 13:22:26 UT in the energy range E(1) greater than or equal to 10 GeV with significance 10.6 and 20.1 sigma in two measurement channels. In the analysis made in correlation with similar to 50 events detected by BATSE, no burst candidate was found in time coincidence or in the 2 hr interval, around the BATSE detection time. The following ranges of upper limits F-max to the energy fluence in the time interval Delta t(90) in which BATSE detected 90% of the counts are obtained: F-max = 2.3 x 10(-5)-7.4 x 10(-3) ergs cm(-2) (10 < E < 100 GeV) F-max = 1.6 x 10(-6)-3.3 x 10(-5) ergs cm(-2) (100 < E < 1000 TeV).

Published
1996

19. Multicomponent extensive air shower observations at EAS-TOP

Author

C. Morello, Pietro Antonioli, Helio Nogima, M. Aglietta, Carlo Vigorito, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, A. Lima de Godoi, L. Bergamasco, N. Mengotti Silva, W. Fulgione, G. Mannocchi, L. Riccati, A. Chiavassa, S. Vernetto, G.C. Trinchero, M. E. Bertaina, C. Melagrana, P. Galeotti, A. Campos Fauth, O. Saavedra, P.L. Ghia, Bruno Alessandro, G. Di Sciascio, F. Arneodo, P. Vallania, Carlotta Castagnoli, G. Navarra, G. Cini Castagnoli, A. Castellina, M. Iacovacci, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A. C., Fauth, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, A. L., Degodoi, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, G., Navarra, H., Nogima, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, GRAN-SASSO, Cosmic ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Coincidence, Nuclear physics, Air shower, LIGHT, ARRAY, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, DETECTOR
Abstract

The study of cosmic rays at primary energies E-0 > 10(14) eV requires the detection of the different components of Extensive Air Showers through ground based stations. EAS-TOP is such an array (located at Campo Imperatore, 2000 m a.s.l., National Gran Sasso Laboratories), including detectors of the electromagnetic, muon (E-mu approximate to GeV at the surface, and E-mu approximate to TeV in coincidence with the detectors operating in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratories), hadron and atmospheric Cerenkov light components. The combined operation of the detectors is discussed from the point of view of the capability of measuring the cosmic ray primary spectrum and composition. The main lines for checking the significant features of the high energy hadron interaction model used for the interpretation of the data are outlined.

20. Studies of the knee in the electron and muon components of extensive air showers at EAS-TOP

Author

Piero Vallania, Marco Aglietta, Carlo Vigorito, F. Arneodo, Bruno Alessandro, O. Saavedra, A. Lima de Godoi, M. Iacovacci, Carlotta Castagnoli, P. L. Ghia, G. Navarra, C. Morello, L. Bergamasco, Antonella Castellina, Pietro Antonioli, G. Mannocchi, A. Chiavassa, W. Fulgione, S. Vernetto, G. Di Sciascio, P. Galeotti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G. Cini Castagnoli, Gian Carlo Trinchero, M. E. Bertaina, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, A. L., De, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Primary (astronomy), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Cosmic ray, Electron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Zenith
Abstract

The region of the "knee" of the cosmic ray primary spectrum (10(15) < E-o < 10(16) eV) is studied in the electromagnetic and muon components of Extensive Air Showers by means of the EAS-TOP array. Independent and correlated analysis of the two measurements are presented as a function of zenith angle (i.e. atmospheric depth).

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