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24 results on '"M., Bertaina"'

1. Description and performance results of the trigger logic of TUS and Mini-EUSO to search for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays from space

Author

M. Bertaina, D. Barghini, M. Battisti, A. Belov, M. Bianciotto, F. Bisconti, C. Blaksley, K. Bolmgren, G. Cambiè, F. Capel, M. Casolino, T. Ebisuzaki, F. Fenu, M.A. Franceschi, C. Fuglesang, A. Golzio, P. Gorodetzky, F. Kajino, P. Klimov, M. Manfrin, L. Marcelli, W. Marszał, M. Mignone, H. Miyamoto, T. Napolitano, E. Parizot, P. Picozza, L.W. Piotrowski, Z. Plebaniak, G. Prévôt, E. Reali, M. Ricci, N. Sakaki, S. Sharakin, J. Szabelski, Y. Takizawa, M. Vrabel, I. Yashin, M. Zotov, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, logic, FOS: Physical sciences, imaging, trigger, UHE, observatory, cosmic radiation, ultraviolet, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, performance
Abstract

International audience; The trigger logic of the Tracking Ultraviolet Setup (TUS) and Multiwavelength Imaging New Instrument for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (Mini-EUSO) space-based projects of the Joint Experiment Missions - EUSO (JEM-EUSO) program is summarized. The performance results on the search for ultra-high energy cosmic rays are presented.

Published
2022

2. The JEM-EUSO mission: a space observatory to study the origin of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

Author

E. Parizot and M. Bertaina

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Telescope, Observatory, law, Sky, Physics::Space Physics, International Space Station, Satellite, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Neutrino, media_common
Abstract

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) onboard the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EUSO) of the International Space Station (ISS) is an innovative space-based mission with the aim of detecting Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) from the ISS, by using the Earth's atmosphere as a calorimeter viewed by a fluorescence telescope. An observatory able to produce an arrival direction map with more than several hundreds events above 5 × 10 19 eV would give important information on the origin of the UHECRs and identify structures in the sky map that contain information about the source density and/or distribution. This is likely to lead to an understanding of the acceleration mechanisms with a high potential for producing discoveries in astrophysics and/or fundamental physics. The scientific motivations of the mission as well as the current development status of the instrument and its performance are reviewed.

Published
2014

3. Status of the JEM-EUSO mission and studies of the instrumentʼs performance

Author

M. Bertaina

Subjects
Astronomical Objects, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Night sky, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Telescope, law, International Space Station, Neutrino, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The JEM-EUSO mission explores the origin of the extreme energy cosmic rays (EECRs) above 50 EeV through the observations of their arrival directions and energies. It is designed to open a new particle astronomy channel. This super-wide-field (60 degrees) telescope with a diameter of about 2.5m looks down from space onto the night sky to detect near UV photons (290–430nm, both fluorescent and Cherenkov emissions) produced by EECR-induced giant air showers. The arrival direction map with more than five hundred events will tell us the origin of the EECRs and allow us to identify the nearest EECR sources with known astronomical objects, and to be examined in other astronomical channels. This is likely to lead to an understanding of the acceleration mechanisms perhaps producing discoveries in astrophysics and/or fundamental physics. The comparison of the energy spectra among the spatially resolved individual sources will help to clarify the acceleration and emission mechanisms, and also finally confirm the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzʼmin process for the validation of Lorentz invariance up to γ ∼ 10 11 . Neutral components (neutrinos and gamma rays) can be detected as well, if their fluxes are high enough. The JEM-EUSO mission is planned to be launched by a H2B rocket and transferred to ISS by H2 Transfer Vehicle (HTV). It will be attached to the Exposed Facility external experiment platform of Kibo.

Published
2013

4. Test of the hadronic interaction model EPOS with KASCADE air shower data

Author

J.R. Hörandel, W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga, F. Badea, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, P. Łuczak, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. Schröder, O. Sima, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, and J. Zabierowski

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Air shower, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Parameter space, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

The description of high-energy hadronic interactions plays an important role in the (astrophysical) interpretation of air shower data. The parameter space important for the development of air showers (energy and kinematical range) extends well beyond todays accelerator capabilities. Therefore, accurate measurements of air showers are used to constrain modern models to describe high-energy hadronic interactions. The results obtained are complementary to information gained at accelerators and add to our understanding of high-energy hadronic interactions.

Published
2009

5. Analysis of inclined showers measured with LOPES

Author

A. Saftoiu, W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga, T. Asch, J. Auffenberg, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, P. Łuczak, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, J. Oehlschläger, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, and J.A. Zensus

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Amplitude, Air shower, Optics, Earth's magnetic field, KASCADE, Antenna (radio), business, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Instrumentation
Abstract

In the present study, we analyze the radio signal from inclined air showers recorded by LOPES-30 in coincidence with KASCADE-Grande. LOPES-30 consists of 30 East–West oriented digital antennas, which are amplitude calibrated by an external source. Radio emission from air showers is considered a geomagnetic effect. Inclined events provide a larger range of values for geomagnetic angle (angle between shower axis and geomagnetic field direction) than vertical showers and thus more information on the emission processes can be gathered. In order to have the geometry of the air shower we use the reconstruction provided by the KASCADE-Grande particle detectors array. Analyzing events observed by both LOPES and the extended part of the KASCADE array, Grande, gives the possibility to test in particular the capability and efficiency of radio detection of more distant events. The results are compared with a previous analysis of inclined events recorded by the initial 10 antenna set-up, LOPES-10, in coincidence with the Grande array.

Published
2009

6. Recent Results from KASCADE-Grande and LOPES

Author

K.-H. Kampert, W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga, T. Asch, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, M. Ender, R. Engel, J. Engler, H. Falcke, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, K. Link, P. Łuczak, M. Ludwig, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, M. Melissas, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, N. Palmieri, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, A. Saftoiu, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, and J.A. Zensus

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, LOPES, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computational physics, KASCADE, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

KASCADE-Grande is an extensive air-shower experiment located at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany. Main parts of the experiment are the Grande array spread over an area of 700 × 700 m 2 , the original KASCADE array covering 200 × 200 m 2 with unshielded and shielded detectors, and additional muon tracking devices. This multi-detector system allows to investigate the energy spectrum, composition, and anisotropies of cosmic rays in the energy range up to 1 EeV. LOPES is co-located at the same site to measure radio pulses from extensive air showers in coincidence with KASCADE-Grande. It consists of 30 digital antennas operated in different geometrical configurations. Read out is performed at high bandwidths and rate data processing with the aim to calibrate the emitted signal in the primary energy range of 10 16 − 10 18 eV by making use of reconstructed air-shower observables of KASCADE-Grande. An overview on the performance of both experiments will be given and recent analysis results be reported.

Published
2009

7. Air shower measurements with the LOPES radio antenna array

Author

A. Haungs, W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga, T. Asch, J. Auffenberg, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, P. Łuczak, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, J. Oehlschläger, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, A. Saftoiu, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, and J.A. Zensus

Subjects
Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Digital radio, Antenna array, Interferometry, Air shower, Optics, Amplitude, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, business, Instrumentation, Radio wave
Abstract

LOPES is set up at the location of the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany and aims to measure and investigate radio pulses from Extensive Air Showers. Since radio waves suffer very little attenuation, radio measurements allow the detection of very distant or highly inclined showers. These waves can be recorded day and night, and provide a bolometric measure of the leptonic shower component. LOPES is designed as a digital radio interferometer using high bandwidths and fast data processing and profits from the reconstructed air shower observables of KASCADE-Grande. The LOPES antennas are absolutely amplitude calibrated allowing to reconstruct the electric field strength which can be compared with predictions from detailed Monte Carlo simulations. We report about the analysis of correlations present in the radio signals measured by the LOPES 30 antenna array. Additionally, LOPES operates antennas of a different type (LOPES-STAR) which are optimized for an application at the Pierre Auger Observatory. Status, recent results of the data analysis and further perspectives of LOPES and the possible large scale application of this new detection technique are discussed., Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, Contribution to the Arena 2008 conference, Rome, June 2008

Published
2009

8. Radio detection of cosmic ray air showers with LOPES

Author

T. Huege, W.D. Apel, T. Asch, A.F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, S. Buitink, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, H. Butcher, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Hakenjos, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, P.G. Isar, K.H. Kampert, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, C. Meurer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, J. Petrovic, T. Pierog, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, J.A. Zensus, and D. Zimmermann

Subjects
Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, The Renaissance, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Earth's magnetic field, Radio detection
Abstract

In the last few years, radio detection of cosmic ray air showers has experienced a true renaissance, becoming manifest in a number of new experiments and simulation efforts. In particular, the LOPES project has successfully implemented modern interferometric methods to measure the radio emission from extensive air showers. LOPES has confirmed that the emission is coherent and of geomagnetic origin, as expected by the geosynchrotron mechanism, and has demonstrated that a large scale application of the radio technique has great potential to complement current measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We describe the current status, most recent results and open questions regarding radio detection of cosmic rays and give an overview of ongoing research and development for an application of the radio technique in the framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory., 8 pages; Proceedings of the CRIS2006 conference, Catania, Italy; to be published in Nuclear Physics B, Proceedings Supplements

Published
2007

9. Status of the KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author

F. Di Pierro, W.D. Apel, F. Badea, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, T. Huege, K.-H. Kampert, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, C. Meurer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, O. Sima, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, and D. Zimmermann

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, KASCADE, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Published
2007

10. The KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author

J Blümer, W D Apel, J C Arteaga, F Badea, K Bekk, M Bertaina, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, A Chiavassa, E Cantoni, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, V de Souza, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, J Engler, M Finger, D Fuhrmann, P L Ghia, H J Gils, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Haungs, D Heck, J R Hörandel, T Huege, P G Isar, K-H Kampert, D Kickelbick, H O Klages, Y Kolotaev, P Luczak, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, C Meurer, J Milke, B Mitrica, A Morales, C Morello, G Navarra, S Nehls, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, T Pierog, S Plewnia, H Rebel, M Roth, H Schieler, O Sima, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, J Zabierowski, and The KASCADE-Grande Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, History, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, ENERGIA, Computer Science Applications, Education, Nuclear physics, Air shower, Rigidity (electromagnetism), Data acquisition, KASCADE, Scintillation counter, Energy spectrum, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Instrumentation
Abstract

The KASCADE-Grande experiment measures extensive air showers induced by primary cosmic rays in the energy range 1014 – 1018 eV. The major motivation for KASCADE-Grande is the investigation of the so called ”knee” in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays and its presumed rigidity dependence. A short overview of the experimental setup with focus on the Grande array and its new data acquisition system is given. As an example of analysis the reconstruction of the total muon number is presented.

Published
2010

11. Test of the hadronic interaction model EPOS with air shower data

Author

W D Apel, J C Arteaga, F Badea, K Bekk, M Bertaina, J Blümer, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, E Cantoni, A Chiavassa, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, V de Souza, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, J Engler, M Finger, D Fuhrmann, P L Ghia, H J Gils, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Haungs, D Heck, J R Hörandel, T Huege, P G Isar, K-H Kampert, D Kang, D Kickelbick, H O Klages, Y Kolotaev, P Luczak, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, J Milke, B Mitrica, C Morello, G Navarra, S Nehls, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, T Pierog, H Rebel, M Roth, H Schieler, F Schröder, O Sima, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, M Wommer, and J Zabierowski

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Air shower, KASCADE, PARTÍCULAS ELEMENTARES, Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Interaction model, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Predictions of the hadronic interaction model EPOS~1.61 as implemented in the air shower simulation program CORSIKA are compared to observations with the KASCADE experiment. The investigations reveal that the predictions of EPOS are not compatible with KASCADE measurements. The discrepancies seen are most likely due to use of a set of inelastic hadronic cross sections that are too high., Comment: Journal of Physics G in press

Published
2009

12. New method to measure the attenuation of hadrons in extensive air showers

Author

W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, F. Badea, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P. L. Ghia, H. J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, D. Hildebrand, J. R. Hörandel, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H. O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, P. Łuczak, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. Schröder, O. Sima, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, and J. Zabierowski

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Attenuation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Attenuation length, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ENERGIA, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Extensive air showers are generated through interactions of high-energy cosmic rays impinging the Earth's atmosphere. A new method is described to infer the attenuation of hadrons in air showers. The numbers of electrons and muons, registered with the scintillator array of the KASCADE experiment are used to estimate the energy of the shower inducing primary particle. A large hadron calorimeter is used to measure the hadronic energy reaching observation level. The ratio of energy reaching ground level to the energy of the primary particle is used to derive an attenuation length of hadrons in air showers. In the energy range from $10^6$ GeV to $3\cdot10^7$ GeV the attenuation length obtained increases from 170 \gcm2 to 210 \gcm2. The experimental results are compared to predictions of simulations based on contemporary high energy interaction models., Comment: accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2009

13. Absolute Calibration of the Lopes Antenna System

Author

S. NEHLS, W. D. APEL, F. BADEA, L. BÄHREN, K. BEKK, A. BERCUCI, M. BERTAINA, P. L. BIERMANN, J. BLÜMER, H. BOZDOG, I. M. BRANCUS, M. BRÜGGEMANN, P. BUCHHOLZ, S. BUITINK, H. BUTCHER, A. CHIAVASSA, K. DAUMILLER, A. G. de BRUYN, C. M. de VOS, F. di PIERRO, P. DOLL, R. ENGEL, H. FALCKE, H. GEMMEKE, P. L. GHIA, R. GLASSTETTER, C. GRUPEN, A. HAKENJOS, A. HAUNGS, D. HECK, J. R. HÖRANDEL, A. HORNEFFER, T. HUEGE, K.-H. KAMPERT, G. W. KANT, U. KLEIN, Y. KOLOTAEV, Y. KOOPMAN, O. KRÖMER, J. KUIJPERS, S. LAFEBRE, G. MAIER, H. J. MATHES, H. J. MAYER, J. MILKE, B. MITRICA, C. MORELLO, G. NAVARRA, A. NIGL, R. OBENLAND, J. OEHLSCHLÄGER, S. OSTAPCHENKO, S. OVER, H. J. PEPPING, M. PETCU, J. PETROVIC, T. PIEROG, S. PLEWNIA, H. REBEL, A. RISSE, M. ROTH, H. SCHIELER, G. SCHOONDERBEEK, O. SIMA, M. STÜMPERT, G. TOMA, G. C. TRINCHERO, H. ULRICH, J. VAN BUREN, W. VAN CAPELLEN, W. WALKOWIAK, A. WEINDL, S. WIJNHOLDS, J. WOCHELE, J. ZABIEROWSKI, J. A. ZENSUS, and D. ZIMMERMANN

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pulse duration, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Amplification factor, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optics, Earth's magnetic field, Electric field, Calibration, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Antenna (radio), business
Abstract

Radio emission in extensive air showers arises from an interaction with the geomagnetic field and is subject of theoretical studies. This radio emission has advantages for the detection of high energy cosmic rays compared to secondary particle or fluorescence measurement methods. Radio antennas like the LOPES30 antenna system are suited to investigate this emission process by detecting the radio pulses. The characteristic observable parameters like electric field strength and pulse length require a calibration which was done with a reference radio source resulting in an amplification factor representing the system behavior in the environment of the KASCADE-Grande experiment. Knowing the amplification factor and the gain of the LOPES antennas LOPES30 is calibrated absolutely for systematic analyses of the radio emission., Comment: 5 pages, Proceedings of International Workshop on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino detection Activities: ARENA, May 17-19, 2005, DESY Zeuthen

Published
2006

14. The KASCADE-Grande experiment and the LOPES project

Author

A.F. Badea, T. Antoni, W.D. Apel, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, H. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Bucholz, A. Chiavassa, K. Daumiller, F. di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, H. Falcke, F. Feßler, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, K.-H. Kampert, G.W. Kant, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, G. Maier, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, C. Morello, M. Müller, G. Navarra, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, M. Petcu, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, J. Scholz, M. Stümpert, T. Thouw, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchiero, H. Ulrich, S. Valchierotti, J. van Buren, C.M. de Vos, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, S. Zagromski, and D. Zimmermann

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), LOPES, Conjunction (astronomy), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Scintillator, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Air shower, KASCADE
Abstract

KASCADE-Grande is the extension of the multi-detector setup KASCADE to cover a primary cosmic ray energy range from 100 TeV to 1 EeV. The enlarged EAS experiment provides comprehensive observations of cosmic rays in the energy region around the knee. Grande is an array of 700 x 700 sqm equipped with 37 plastic scintillator stations sensitive to measure energy deposits and arrival times of air shower particles. LOPES is a small radio antenna array to operate in conjunction with KASCADE-Grande in order to calibrate the radio emission from cosmic ray air showers. Status and capabilities of the KASCADE-Grande experiment and the LOPES project are presented., Comment: To appear in Nuclear Physics B, Proceedings Supplements, as part of the volume for the CRIS 2004, Cosmic Ray International Seminar: GZK and Surroundings

Published
2004

15. Study of Markarian 421 in the γ-ray energy range 30-100 Tev

Author

P.L. Ghia, M. Aglietta, B. Alessandro, P. Antonioli, F. Arneodo, L. Bergamasco, M. Bertaina, C. Castagnoli, A. Castellina, A. Chiavassa, G.Cini Castagnoli, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G. Di Sciascio, W. Fulgione, P. Galeotti, M. Iacovacci, G. Mannocchi, C. Morello, G. Navarra, O. Saavedra, G.C. Trinchero, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, and C. Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Energy (signal processing)

16. Study of CR primaries and their cascades at Eo = 10 ÷ 100 TeV through EAS-TOP and MACRO

Author

M. Bertaina

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Spectral line, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Telescope, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Macro, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

A measurement of the lateral distribution of Cherenkov light in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) at E o = 10 ÷ 100 TeV and a study of the compatibility of the photon number spectra with the expectations from the direct measurements of p and α spectra and the Corsika-QGSJET propagation code in the atmosphere have been performed at the National Gran Sasso Laboratories by the EAS-TOP and MACRO arrays. The telescope array of EAS-TOP has been used as the Cherenkov light detector. The muon tracking system of MACRO in the deep underground Gran Sasso Laboratories (Eμ > 1.3 TeV) served as the EAS detector, including core localization and arrival direction.

17. EAS-TOP: The proton-air inelastic cross-section at

Author

L. Bergamasco, P. Galeotti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M. Iacovacci, E. Cantoni, M. E. Bertaina, G. Mannocchi, Gian Carlo Trinchero, Antonella Castellina, O. Saavedra, Piero Vallania, A. Chiavassa, F. Arneodo, Bruno Alessandro, G. Di Sciascio, Piera Luisa Ghia, C. Morello, A. Stamerra, G. Navarra, S. Vernetto, Carlo Vigorito, Pietro Antonioli, W. Fulgione, Marco Aglietta, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A., Castellina, E., Cantoni, A., Chiavassa, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Di Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, A., Stamerra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cross section (physics), Muon, Air shower, Proton, Attenuation length, Cosmic ray, Atomic physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

The proton-air inelastic cross section measurement at s ≈ 2 TeV from the EAS-TOP Extensive Air Shower experiment is reported. The technique exploits cosmic ray proton primaries, in the energy region E 0 = ( 1.5 ÷ 2.5 ) ⋅ 10 15 eV , studying the absorption length of their cascades when detected at maximum development. Primary energies are selected through the EAS muon number ( N e ), and proton originated cascades at maximum development by means of the shower size ( N e ). The shower and detector fluctuations are obtained with simulations performed using the CORSIKA code and the QGSJET II and SIBYLL interaction models. The simulations provide the conversion factor ( k = λ o b s / λ i n t ), from the observed absorption length ( λ o b s e x p ) to the interaction length ( λ p − air ). The obtained value of the p-air inelastic cross section at s ≈ 2 TeV is σ p − air i n e l = 338 ± 21 ( s t a t ) ± 19 ( s y s t ) − 28 ( s y s t ) mb . The relevant issue of systematic uncertainties have been studied. The connections with the pp ( p ¯ p ) total cross section measurements are discussed.

Published
2009

18. Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. I. Measurements at energies above 1017.8eV

Author

Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Aranda, V. M., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bauml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blumer, H., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Diaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipcic, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Frohlich, U., Fuchs, B., Fujii, T., Gaior, R., Garcia, B., Garcia Roca, S. T., Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Gascon Bravo, A., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Goncalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Josebachuili, M., Kaapa, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kromer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Leao, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopez, R., Lopez Aguera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martinez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masias Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Micanovic, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Muller, G., Muller, S., Munchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Ochilo, L., Olinto, A., Oliveira, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pcopyrightkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Cabo, I., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Frias, M. D., Rogozin, D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovanek, P., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., ͆mialkowski, A., Smida, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tome, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valino, I., Valore, L., Van Aar, G., Van Bodegom, P., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Velzen, S., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cardenas, B., Varner, G., Vazquez, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Veberic, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villasenor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., De Domenico, Manlio, A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E., Ahn, I. A., Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A. k., Almela, J. A., Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R. A., Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, C., Aramo, V., Aranda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, N., Awal, A., Badescu, K., Barber, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J., Beatty, K., Becker, J., Bellido, C., Berat, M., Bertaina, X., Bertou, P., Biermann, P., Billoir, S., Blae, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H. a., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, A., Bridgeman, P., Brogueira, W., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, S., Buitink, M., Buscemi, K., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, A., Chavez, A., Chiavassa, J., Chinellato, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, A., Coleman, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, M., Cooper, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C., Covault, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R. a., Dallier, B., Daniel, S. a., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B., Dawson, R. D., Almeida, M. D., Domenico, S. b., De, J. D., Mello, DE MITRI, Ivan, J. D., Oliveira, V. D., Souza, L. D., Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C. D., Giulio, A. D., Matteo, J., Diaz, M. D., Castro, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J., D'Olivo, A., Dorofeev, Q. D., Hasankiadeh, M., Dova, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, M., Erfani, C. a., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A. k., Etchegoyen, P. F., San, H. b., Bj, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferguson, M., Fernande, B., Fick, J., Figueira, A., Filevich, A. b., Filipčič, B., Fox, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, T., Fujii, R., Gaior, B., García, S. G., Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A. G., Bravo, F., Gate, H., Gemmeke, P., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, C., Glaser, H., Gla, M. G., Berisso, P. G., Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J., Gonzalez, N., González, B., Gookin, J., Gordon, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S. b., Grebe, N., Griffith, A., Grillo, T., Grubb, F., Guarino, G., Guede, M., Hampel, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T., Harrison, S., Hartmann, J., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, P., Heimann, A., Herve, G., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P., Homola, J. b., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M. b., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, P., Isar, I., Jandt, S. b., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, A., Kääpä, O., Kambeitz, K., Kampert, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, R., Kieckhafer, H., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S. L., Coz, M., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. L., De, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A. L., Agüera, K., Louedec, J. L., Bahilo, L. b., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, M., Mallamaci, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I., Mariş, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L. a., Martin, H., Martinez, O. M., Bravo, D., Martraire, J. M., Meza, H., Mathe, S., Mathy, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P., Mazur, C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, R., Meissner, M., Melissa, D., Melo, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D. M., Ragaigne, F., Montanet, C., Morello, M., Mostafá, C., Moura, M. c., Muller, G., Müller, S., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A. b., Nelle, J., Neuser, P., Nguyen, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, V., Novotny, L., Nožka, L., Ochilo, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, N., Pacheco, D. P., Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, P., Papenbreer, G., Parente, A., Parra, T. c., Paul, M., Pech, J., P©kala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, E., Petermann, C., Peter, S. c., Petrera, Y., Petrov, J., Phuntsok, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, A., Porcelli, C., Porowski, R., Prado, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, V., Purrello, E., Quel, S., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S. c., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, V., Rizi, W. R., De, I. R., Cabo, G. a., Rodriguez, J. R., Rojo, M., Rodríguez Fría, D., Rogozin, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, E., Roulet, A., Rovero, S., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, A., Saleh, F. S., Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, P., Sanchez Luca, C., Santo, E., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sarmento, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, D., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H. b., Bm, P., Schovánek, A., Schulz, J., Schulz, J., Schumacher, S., Sciutto, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., ͆miałkowski, R., Šmída, G., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, R., Squartini, Y., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A., Supanitsky, M., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, O., Taborda, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, A., Tepe, V., Theodoro, C. b., Timmerman, C. T., Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G. T., Elipe, D. T., Machado, P., Travnicek, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. V., Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G. V., Aar, P. V., Bodegom, A. V., Den, S. V., Velzen, A. V., Vliet, E., Varela, B. V., Cárdena, G., Varner, J., Vázquez, R., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, B., Vlcek, S., Vorobiov, H., Wahlberg, O. k., Wainberg, D., Walz, A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, A., Widom, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, D., Wittkowski, B., Wundheiler, S., Wyke, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D. b., Zavrtanik, M. b., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M. Z., Silva, M., Ziolkowski, and F., Zuccarello

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, mass composition, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, High-Energy Cosmic ray
Abstract

We report a study of the distributions of the depth of maximum, Xmax, of extensive air-shower profiles with energies above 1017.8eV as observed with the fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The analysis method for selecting a data sample with minimal sampling bias is described in detail as well as the experimental cross-checks and systematic uncertainties. Furthermore, we discuss the detector acceptance and the resolution of the Xmax measurement and provide parametrizations thereof as a function of energy. The energy dependence of the mean and standard deviation of the Xmax distributions are compared to air-shower simulations for different nuclear primaries and interpreted in terms of the mean and variance of the logarithmic mass distribution at the top of the atmosphere.

Published
2014

19. Study of the cosmic ray primary spectrum at 1015 < E0 < 1016 eV with the EAS-TOP array

Author

Antonella Castellina, C. Morello, Marco Aglietta, G. Cini Castagnoli, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, A. Chiavassa, Bruno Alessandro, O. Saavedra, Carlotta Castagnoli, P. L. Ghia, L. Bergamasco, M. Iacovacci, A. Lima de Godoi, G. Mannocchi, W. Fulgione, P. Galeotti, Carlo Vigorito, Gian Carlo Trinchero, M. E. Bertaina, S. Valchierotti, Piero Vallania, F. Arneodo, G. Di Sciascio, Pietro Antonioli, G. Navarra, S. Vernetto, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, A. L., De, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, S., Valchierotti, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Primary energy, Primary (astronomy), Cosmic ray, Electron, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Power law, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The break observed in the electron shower size power law spectrum of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) at corresponding primary energy E-0 similar to (3 - 5)10(15) eV ("knee") is studied in different EAS components (electromagnetic and muonic) and at different atmospheric depths. A consistent description is obtained. The interpretation of data in terms of primary composition, and following the most accepted high energy interaction models, leads to an increasing average primary mass in this energy range. The study of such behaviour is expected to provide a crucial information for the understanding of the physical parameters that characterize the break for the different primaries.

Published
2000

20. Study of the c.r. composition and interaction at E0 = 10 – 100 TeV from the observation of H.E. muons and atmospheric Cherenkov light in EAS

Author

F. Gomez Serito, L. Pinsky, G.T. Zatsepin, A. Turtelli, A. De Silva, P. V. Korchaguin, B. Alessandro, R. Nania, A. Contin, A. Megna, L. G. Dos Santos, G. Badino, F. Cindolo, J.A. Chinellato, C. Morello, N. Inoue, M. Selvi, G.C. Trinchero, K. Lau, F. Arneodo, E.D. Alyea, V.S. Berezinsky, A. Chiavassa, A. Bosco, V.P. Talochkin, V. G. Ryasny, P. Dominici, R. Granella, F. F. Khalchukov, M. Basile, Antonella Castellina, E. S. Hafen, V. A. Kudryavtsev, R. Bertoni, G. Sartorelli, R. I. Enikeev, I. Yamamoto, P. Vallania, J. Moromisato, G. Cara Romeo, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, R. Weinstein, P. Picchi, G. Cini Castagnoli, G. Bari, G. Vigorito, F. Grianti, E. von Goeler, A. Zichichi, L. Emaldi, A. Pesci, I.A. Pless, O. Saavedra, G. Navarra, N. Mengotti Silva, S. Vernetto, P. Giusti, G. Mannocchi, J. Pyrlik, L. Periale, V. L. Dadykin, V. B. Korchaguin, T. Wada, O.G. Ryazhskaya, N. Taborgna, G. Bonoli, G. Conforto, M. E. Bertaina, J. Tang, L. Panaro, M. Luvisetto, Marco Aglietta, F. Bersani, M. Widgoff, R. Mantovani, S. Santini, B. Alpat, G. Guidi, P. b. Ghia, V.F. Yakushev, E. Kemp, Giuseppe Iacobucci, I. Uman, F. Vetrano, M. Deutsch, G. Maccarone, W. Fulgione, C. Castagnoli, F. L. Fabbri, K. Saitoh, A. S. Malguin, C. Ghetti, S. Tsuji, L. Votano, G. Van Buren, E. V. Korolkova, P. Haridas, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, M. Iacovacci, G. Di Sciascio, T. Massam, G. Bruni, L. Bergamasco, P. Galeotti, B. Mayes, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, B., Alpat, E. D., Alyea, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, G., Badino, G., Bari, M., Basile, V. S., Berezinsky, L., Bergamasco, F., Bersani, M., Bertaina, R., Bertoni, G., Bonoli, A., Bosco, G., Bruni, G. C., Romeo, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, J. A., Chinellato, L., Cifarelli, F., Cindolo, G., Conforto, A., Contin, V. L., Dadykin, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, A. D., Silva, M., Deutsch, G. D., Sciascio, P., Dominici, L. G., Do, L., Emaldi, R. I., Enikeev, F. L., Fabbri, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, C., Ghetti, P., Ghia, P., Giusti, F. G., Serito, R., Granella, F., Grianti, G., Guidi, E. S., Hafen, P., Harida, G., Iacobucci, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Inoue, E., Kemp, F. F., Khalchukov, E. V., Korolkova, P. V., Korchaguin, V. B., Korchaguin, V. A., Kudryavtsev, K., Lau, M., Luvisetto, G., Maccarone, A. S., Malguin, G., Mannocchi, R., Mantovani, T., Massam, B., Maye, A., Megna, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, J., Moromisato, R., Nania, G., Navarra, L., Panaro, L., Periale, A., Pesci, P., Picchi, L., Pinsky, I. A., Ple, J., Pyrlik, V. G., Ryasny, O. G., Ryazhskaya, O., Saavedra, K., Saitoh, S., Santini, G., Sartorelli, M., Selvi, N., Taborgna, V. P., Talochkin, J., Tang, G. C., Trinchero, S., Tsuji, A., Turtelli, I., Uman, P., Vallania, G. V., Buren, S., Vernetto, F., Vetrano, C., Vigorito, E. v., Goeler, L., Votano, T., Wada, R., Weinstein, M., Widgoff, V. F., Yakushev, I., Yamamoto, G. T., Zatsepin, and A., Zichichi

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Physics, GRAN SASSO, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, Muon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Threshold energy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon, DETECTOR, Cherenkov radiation, Lepton
Abstract

In the energy region 10 - 100 TeV both the c.r. composition from direct measurements and the cross section for high energy secondary production in the very forward region for p-air interactions are rather uncertain. Contemporaneous measurements of the total energy and of the threshold energy/nucleon of the primary particle can be provided by the atmospheric Cherenkov light and high energy muons. These measurements are performed by the combined operation of the Cherenkov array of the EAS-TOP experiment on the surface (810 gcm(2) atmospheric depth) and of the LVD experiment in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratories (3300 m w.e.; E-mu(th) = 1.3 TeV) leading to the measurement of < N-mu > (E-mu > 1.3 TeV, E-o) in the given energy range. The combined operation of the experiments and preliminary results are reported.

Published
1999

21. The hadron calorimeter of EAS-TOP: operation, calibration and resolution

Author

A. Castellina, P. Vallania, F. Arneodo, A. Chiavassa, C. Morello, L. Bergamasco, R. Bertoni, M. Aglietta, Carlotta Castagnoli, A. Campos Fauth, O. Saavedra, R. Adinolfi Falcone, P.L. Ghia, M. E. Bertaina, Pietro Antonioli, W. Fulgione, E. Tatananni, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Bruno Alessandro, G. Cini Castagnoli, M. Iacovacci, G. Navarra, G.C. Trinchero, S. Vernetto, L. Riccati, G. Mannocchi, A. Giuliano, P. Galeotti, G. Di Sciascio, Carlo Vigorito, Helio Nogima, R. A., Falcone, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, R., Bertoni, A. C., Fauth, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, A., Giuliano, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, H., Nogima, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, E., Tatananni, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, R., Adinolfi Falcone, A., Campos Fauth, G., Cini Castagnoli, and G., Di Sciascio

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Calibration curve, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Resolution (electron density), Hadron, GRAN-SASSO, Nuclear physics, PHYSICS, COSMIC-RAY EVENTS, Calibration, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing), Beam (structure)
Abstract

We describe and discuss the operation, calibration and stability of the EAS-TOP calorimeter (Campo Imperatore, National Gran Sasso Laboratories), a large area hadron and muon detector devoted to cosmic-ray physics. It consists of iron slabs (for a total thickness of 818 g cm(-2)) and Iarocci tubes as sensitive layers, operating in the streamer mode and the "quasi proportional" regime. Using a model describing the operation of the "quasi proportional" chambers, we derive a calibration curve in the energy range 50-5000 GeV, whose reliability has been indirectly checked through on-site measurements, by means of an accelerator beam run (up to similar or equal to 600-700 GeV) and by comparing the model predictions on hadron shower transition curves with the data. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
1999

22. Study of the primary cosmic ray composition around the knee of the energy spectrum

Author

C. W. Peck, G. Giannini, M. Goretti, F. Guarino, G. Liu, R. Baker, A. Marzari Chiesa, A. Corona, N. Giglietto, L. Patrizii, V. Valente, O. Erriquez, M. Severi, Fabrizio Cei, G. Mandrioli, Vincenzo Patera, M. Aglietta, M. Spinetti, J. L. Stone, B. Pavesi, M. Mittelbrun, V. Bisi, C. DeMarzo, C. R. Bower, L. Satta, A. Sciubba, G.C. Trinchero, M. Ambrosio, D. Martello, O. Palamara, Pietro Antonioli, C. Melagrana, C. Bloise, Erik Katsavounidis, B. C. Barish, P. Fusco, P. Serra Lugaresi, M. E. Bertaina, J. A. Musser, D. Ficenec, C. W. Walter, Steven Ahlen, E. Kearns, H. Dekhissi, S. L. Mufson, A. Margiotta-Neri, G. Ludlam, Andrea Carlo Marini, F. Sartogo, M. Iacovacci, P. Pistilli, D. Campana, J. Petrakis, S. Klein, D. G. Michael, P. Bernardini, S. L. Nutter, A. Rainò, C. Morello, G. Cini, M. N. Mazziotta, C. E. Lane, Giuseppe Osteria, A. Sanzgiri, F. Cafagna, G. Mancarella, C. Bemporad, R. Pazzi, J. Reynoldson, Teresa Montaruli, S. Parlati, M. De Mitri, A. Marin, A. Di Credico, Robert A. Cormack, Lawrence Sulak, Kate Scholberg, Paolo Lipari, S. Kyriazopoulou, M. Carboni, A. Campos Fauth, Marco Grassi, Marco Monteno, O. Saavedra, R. Liu, R. C. Webb, C. Okada, Bruno Alessandro, R. Steinberg, Kael Hanson, Maurizio Spurio, A. Surdo, S. Vernetto, L. Bergamasco, G. Battistoni, Edward Diehl, G.L. Sanzani, E. Iarocci, P. Green, R. Nolty, P. Guarnaccia, C. Satriano, S. Cecchini, P. Vallania, P.L. Ghia, Alec Habig, M. Calicchio, Roberto Bellotti, R.M. Heinz, S. Petrera, Halina Bilokon, G. Navarra, G. Mannocchi, G. Di Sciascio, Donato Nicolo, L. Miller, D. Levin, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, Y. Lu, W. Fulgione, N. D. Pignatano, E. Lamanna, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, J. Steele, M. J. Longo, Carlotta Castagnoli, A. Baldini, P. Spinelli, F. Arneodo, G. C. Barbarino, R. Antolini, A. Chiavassa, Eugenio Scapparone, L. Riccati, J. T. Hong, M. De Vincenzi, V. Togo, G. Auriemma, Gregory Tarle, P. Matteuzzi, G. DeCataldo, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, A. Castellina, C. Favuzzi, A. A. Grillo, C. Cattadori, V. Chiarella, P. Monacelli, P. Galeotti, S. Coutu, W. A. Worstell, C. Forti, G. Giacomelli, S P Mikheyev, F.J. Ronga, Aglietta, M, Alessandro, B, Antonioli, P, Arneodo, F, Bergamasco, L, Bertaina, M, Fauth, Ac, Castagnoli, C, Castellina, A, Cattadori, C, Chiavassa, A, Cini, G, Piazzoli, Bd, Disciascio, G, Fulgione, W, Galeotti, P, Ghia, Pl, Iacovacci, M, Mannocchi, G, Melagrana, C, Morello, C, Navarra, G, Riccati, L, Saavedra, O, Trinchero, Gc, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Ahlen, S, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Baker, R, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Cormack, R, Corona, A, Coutu, S, Decataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, Demarzo, C, Demitri, L, Devincenzi, M, Dicredico, A, Diehl, E, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Ficenec, D, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Goretti, M, Grassi, M, Green, P, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Guarnaccia, P, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Hong, Jt, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Kearns, E, Klein, S, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Liu, G, Liu, R, Longo, Mj, Lu, Y, Ludlam, G, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiottaneri, A, Marin, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Chiesa, Am, Matteuzzi, P, Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Mittelbrun, M, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Nutter, S, Okada, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Parlati, S, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pavesi, B, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Petrakis, J, Petrera, S, Pignatano, Nd, Pistilli, P, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Sanzani, G, Sanzgiri, A, Sartogo, F, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Lugaresi, P, Severi, M, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steele, J, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Valente, V, Walter, Cw, Webb, R, Worstell, W., M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A., Campos Fauth, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, C., Cattadori, A., Chiavassa, G., Cini, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G., Di Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, M., Iacovacci, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, C., Morello, G., Navarra, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, S., Ahlen, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, G., Auriemma, R., Baker, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, R., Cormack, A., Corona, S., Coutu, G., Decataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., Demarzo, M., De Mitri, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, E., Diehl, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, D., Ficenec, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Goretti, M., Grassi, P., Green, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, R., Heinz, J. T., Hong, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, S., Klein, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, G., Liu, R., Liu, M. J., Longo, Y., Lu, G., Ludlam, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta Neri, A., Marin, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzari Chiesa, P., Matteuzzi, M. N., Mazziotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, M., Mittelbrun, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicoló, R., Nolty, S., Nutter, C., Okada, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, S., Parlati, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, B., Pavesi, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, J., Petraki, S., Petrera, N. D., Pignatano, P., Pistilli, A., Rainó, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, G., Sanzani, A., Sanzgiri, F., Sartogo, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, J., Steele, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarlé, V., Togo, V., Valente, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, W., Worstell, A. C., Fauth, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, Iacovacci, Michele, Barbarino, Giancarlo, L., Demitri, M., Devincenzi, A., Dicredico, Guarino, Fausto, G., Mancarella, A., Margiottaneri, D., Martello, A. M., Chiesa, D., Nicolo, A., Raino, P. S., Lugaresi, G., Tarle, Aglietta M., Alessandro B., Antonioli P., Arneodo F., Bergamasco L., Bertaina M., Fauth A.C., Castagnoli C., Castellina A., Cattadori C., Chiavassa A., Cini G., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B., Di Sciascio G., Fulgione W., Galeotti P., Ghia P.L., Iacovacci M., Mannocchi G., Melagrana C., Morello C., Navarra G., Riccati L., Saavedra O., Trinchero G.C., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Ahlen S., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Auriemma G., Baker R., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barish B.C., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bisi V., Bloise C., Bower C., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Cormack R., Corona A., Coutu S., DeCataldo G., Dekhissi H., DeMarzo C., De Mitri M., De Vincenzi M., Di Credico A., Diehl E., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Ficenec D., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Goretti M., Grassi M., Green P., Grillo A., Guarino F., Guarnaccia P., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Heinz R., Hong J.T., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Kearns E., Klein S., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D.S., Lipari P., Liu G., Liu R., Longo M.J., Lu Y., Ludlam G., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Margiotta-Neri A., Marin A., Marini A., Martello D., Chiesa A.M., Matteuzzi P., Mazziotta M.N., Michael D.G., Mikheyev S., Miller L., Mittelbrun M., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolo D., Nolty R., Nutter S., Okada C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Parlati S., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pavesi B., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Petrakis J., Petrera S., Pignatano N.D., Pistilli P., Raino A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Sanzani G., Sanzgiri A., Sartogo F., Satriano C., Satta L., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Lugaresi P.S., Severi M., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steele J., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Togo V., Valente V., Walter C.W., Webb R., and Worstell W.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, EAS-TOP, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Other Fields of Physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, MACRO, Astrophysics, CASCADES, Coincidence, Spectral line, DEEP-UNDERGROUND MUONS, Nuclear physics, Primary (astronomy), Nuclear Experiment, Helium, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, GRAN-SASSO, MACRO DETECTOR, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gran Sasso, chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

A study of the primary cosmic ray composition in the energy range 5ṡ1014−5ṡ1015 eV is performed through the analysis of the deep underground muons and of the e.m. component of Extensive Air Showers detected in coincidence by the MACRO and EAS-TOP experiments at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. We conclude that: a) pure proton and Iron primary beams are excluded by the experimental data; b) a fraction of nuclei heavier than Helium is necessary to explain the experimental data both below and above the knee; c) a mixed composition, obtained a priori from extrapolations of the spectra directly measured below 100 TeV, yields a reasonable account of the observations up to the knee of the primary spectrum.

Published
1994

23. Multicomponent extensive air shower observations at EAS-TOP

Author

C. Morello, Pietro Antonioli, Helio Nogima, M. Aglietta, Carlo Vigorito, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, A. Lima de Godoi, L. Bergamasco, N. Mengotti Silva, W. Fulgione, G. Mannocchi, L. Riccati, A. Chiavassa, S. Vernetto, G.C. Trinchero, M. E. Bertaina, C. Melagrana, P. Galeotti, A. Campos Fauth, O. Saavedra, P.L. Ghia, Bruno Alessandro, G. Di Sciascio, F. Arneodo, P. Vallania, Carlotta Castagnoli, G. Navarra, G. Cini Castagnoli, A. Castellina, M. Iacovacci, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A. C., Fauth, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, A. L., Degodoi, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, G., Navarra, H., Nogima, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, GRAN-SASSO, Cosmic ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Coincidence, Nuclear physics, Air shower, LIGHT, ARRAY, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, DETECTOR
Abstract

The study of cosmic rays at primary energies E-0 > 10(14) eV requires the detection of the different components of Extensive Air Showers through ground based stations. EAS-TOP is such an array (located at Campo Imperatore, 2000 m a.s.l., National Gran Sasso Laboratories), including detectors of the electromagnetic, muon (E-mu approximate to GeV at the surface, and E-mu approximate to TeV in coincidence with the detectors operating in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratories), hadron and atmospheric Cerenkov light components. The combined operation of the detectors is discussed from the point of view of the capability of measuring the cosmic ray primary spectrum and composition. The main lines for checking the significant features of the high energy hadron interaction model used for the interpretation of the data are outlined.

24. Studies of the knee in the electron and muon components of extensive air showers at EAS-TOP

Author

Piero Vallania, Marco Aglietta, Carlo Vigorito, F. Arneodo, Bruno Alessandro, O. Saavedra, A. Lima de Godoi, M. Iacovacci, Carlotta Castagnoli, P. L. Ghia, G. Navarra, C. Morello, L. Bergamasco, Antonella Castellina, Pietro Antonioli, G. Mannocchi, A. Chiavassa, W. Fulgione, S. Vernetto, G. Di Sciascio, P. Galeotti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G. Cini Castagnoli, Gian Carlo Trinchero, M. E. Bertaina, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, A. L., De, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Primary (astronomy), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Cosmic ray, Electron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Zenith
Abstract

The region of the "knee" of the cosmic ray primary spectrum (10(15) < E-o < 10(16) eV) is studied in the electromagnetic and muon components of Extensive Air Showers by means of the EAS-TOP array. Independent and correlated analysis of the two measurements are presented as a function of zenith angle (i.e. atmospheric depth).

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