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The current research focuses on developing and characterizing Itraconazole-loaded niosomes in vitro to improve drug delivery and effectiveness. Niosomes, which are vesicles made of non-ionic surfactants, offer significant benefits by enhancing the absorption of drugs that have low solubility in water. Itraconazole, an antifungal medication with limited water solubility was encapsulated in niosomes using the thin-film hydration technique. The niosomes underwent analysis for particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release and stability. Findings showed that the niosomes had a uniform size distribution, high encapsulation efficiency and released the drug steadily over time. Stability tests demonstrated that the niosomes remained stable under different storage conditions. This study suggests that Itraconazole-loaded niosomes could potentially improve the drug's absorption and effectiveness, setting the stage for future in vivo and clinical investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is an extensive skin disease affecting 2-3 per cent of the world's population. Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes inflammation and is characterized by aberrant proliferation and differentiation. As an excipient cholesterol and non-ionic surfactant are primarily used to generate noisome a non-ionic surfactant-based vesicle. Tacrolimus commonly known as FK-506 or Fujimycin is an immunosuppressive drug used primarily to prevent organ discharge after organ transplantation by lowering the patient's immune system activity that is the possibility of organ discharge. Plaques from psoriasis typically affect the scalp and outer skin surfaces. Less frequently, inverse psoriasis can harm more delicate skin such as that on the neck, genitalia, and intertriginous areas. Although psoriasis cannot be cured there are several drug options that can be used to manage the condition. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the tacrolimus niosomal gel and evaluate its pharmacological activity for the topical treatment of psoriasis. To accomplish this niosomal gel preparation was applied to a single product tacrolimus. Nine batches in total were produced by using drug 100 mg and Surfactant: Cholesterol Ratio (0.5: 0.5-1.5) for Niosome Preparation Using Film Hydration method. The drug's compatibility with HPMC, SPAN, Carbapol, sodium alginate, guar gum, and xanthan gum was pre-evaluated. The sizes ranged from 67.8 nm to 121.6 nm which was discovered. The formed niosomal batches were evaluated to determine the best batch and it became clear that as the formulation's hydrophobicity increased the number of vesicles increased due to an increase in cholesterol concentration. Span 20 provided drug content 83.1±1.1 to 91.8±2.6 mg; Span 60 provided 90.3±1.6 to 93.9±1.5 mg and Span 80 provided 93.1±1.5 to 85.1±1.0 mg. The evaluation method was repeated throughout the greater drug content and entrapment effectiveness for the NF5 formulation. The NF5 formulation was used to continue forming gel formulations. A total of 10 formulations (F1 to F10) were formed and evaluated. The gel-formed F5 and F6 formulations were discovered to be the clearest, with the best spreadability and uniformity among all the formulations. Out of all the formulation batches tested F6 had the highest viscosity 8166 cPs. It was found that batch F-6 had an optimized formulation which is now being put through stability and pharmacological tests. Animals were separated into 4 groups for 4 in vivo anti-psoriatic trials which were evaluated. Group I is the Negative Control (No Disease), Group II is the Positive Control (Disease but No Treatment), Group III is the Treatment (Blank Gel) and Group IV is the Treatment (Best Formulation). Tacrolimus niosomal gel exhibited the lowest PASI score of the therapy group. Additionally, when compared to that of the negative group. It is clear from the research that the Tacrolimus formulation's niosomal gel which contains carbapol 934, 4 mg demonstrated good results for the treatment of psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]