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Graphic nonfiction is optimal for helping readers challenge the common tropes associated with nonfiction, yet the application of fictional aspects to nonfiction subject matter is uncommon, even in the graphic novel form (Porat, 2015). However, the three books this article focuses on, "One Dead Spy, El Deafo," and "Drowned City," blur lines between genres by inviting questions about the factual nature of each book. Because of this, the authors value the questions and hesitations that come with the term "graphic nonfiction" (Mitchell, 2012). Through the analysis of the three comics, the authors conclude that the comics form is in a unique position, because of its multimodality, to consider history and factual representation through layers of narration (Chute, 2008). Aside from the form bringing interest (Chute, 2008; Porat, 2015), the medium recognizes and shows the difficulties, impossibilities, and fallacies that come from the concept of absolute truth (Hatfield, 2005; Mitchell, 2012). As a medium utilizing both visual and textual modes, nonfiction comics call attention to the "problematics of what we consider fact and fiction" (Chute, 2008, p. 459).

Research indicates that history-based curricula--specifically textbooks and trade books--about Dr. King and the Civil Rights Movement (CRM) are problematic and limited. If race relations are arguably America's long, unsettled tension, then Dr. King was one of its most impactful figures. Using the relevant historical research as a framework and the theoretical concepts of Master Narratives, anti-racism, and non-racism, the authors explored how trade books depict Dr. King's experiences and accomplishments. Qualitative content analysis research methods were used to answer two questions. First, how do non-fiction trade books historically represent Dr. King? Second, how does the grade level of the intended reader impact the books' historical representations? The grade ranges of Primary (K-2), Intermediate (3-5), and Middle Level (6-8) were used to provide distinction for students' disparate schemas and classroom experiences. The randomly selected data sample included only non-fiction trade books centering on Dr. King. When viewed cumulatively, trade books constructed a simplistic, sanitized narrative about a man who challenged social segregation, faced resistance from government, and was celebrated after death with near-unanimity. Most books about Dr. King engaged in fable-making. Most were non-racist--as opposed to anti-racist--as they relegated Dr. King and his legacy to the turbulent 1960s, even though it is rooted in slavery a century prior and reverberations emerge today. While Dr. King was a decidedly exceptional citizen worthy of special distinction, all the books can be viewed as constructing a Master Narrative about Dr. King. This does not mean the books should not be used in the classroom. Teachers, though, should be aware of what is included, how it is included, and what is omitted in order to plan purposefully.

Controversies about speech on college campuses attract intense popular attention. Three recent books analyze campus speech as one of the ways that academia affects American democracy. In The Channels of Student Activism, Amy J. Binder and Jeffrey L. Kidder argue that college-student activists respond to incentives. Progressive students have opportunities to engage closely with their universities but often end up frustrated, while conservative students get support from national organizations to work off-campus and endorse conservative visiting speakers as a way of influencing their own institutions. Among other recommendations, Binder and Kidder suggest that universities should promote democratic values by adopting more persuasive positions about controversial speech. In Cancel Wars, Sigal-Ben Porath defends one such position: universities should avoid censorship and punitive responses to speech while actively ensuring that all members of their community are valued. In What Universities Owe Democracy , Johns Hopkins University President Ronald J. Daniels argues that higher education affects democracy in many ways beyond explicit political speech, and he presents recommendations that involve admissions, curricular reform, and research. Levine finds many helpful insights and suggestions in these books but adds reasons to doubt the democratic potential of prestigious colleges and universities. He advocates serious public investment in democratic education for children and for adults who are not students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are currently experiencing a planetary crisis that will lead, if worst comes to worst, to the end of the entire world as we know it. Several feminist scholars have suggested that if the Earth is to stay livable for humans and nonhumans alike, the ways in which many human beings – particularly in the wealthy parts of the world, infested with Eurocentrism, (neo)colonialism, neoliberalism, and capitalism – inhabit this planet requires radical, ethical, and political transformation. In this article, we propose that feminist theory, particularly feminist posthumanities, and Black feminist and decolonial thought, together with creative practices such as writing, have much to contribute to transformative planetary activism that imagines different and other kinds of worlds and futures based on an ethical consideration of nonhuman others and collective caring for the planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]