21 results on '"Recous, Sylvie"'
Search Results
2. Stoichiometry constraints challenge the potential of agroecological practices for the soil C storage. A review
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Bertrand, Isabelle, Viaud, Valérie, Daufresne, Tanguy, Pellerin, Sylvain, and Recous, Sylvie
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- 2019
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3. Challenges of accounting nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural crop residues.
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Olesen, Jørgen E., Rees, Robert M., Recous, Sylvie, Bleken, Marina A., Abalos, Diego, Ahuja, Ishita, Butterbach‐Bahl, Klaus, Carozzi, Marco, De Notaris, Chiara, Ernfors, Maria, Haas, Edwin, Hansen, Sissel, Janz, Baldur, Lashermes, Gwenaëlle, Massad, Raia S., Petersen, Søren O., Rittl, Tatiana F., Scheer, Clemens, Smith, Kate E., and Thiébeau, Pascal
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CROP residues ,AGRICULTURAL wastes ,CROPS ,NITROUS oxide ,SOIL fertility management - Abstract
Crop residues are important inputs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to soils and thus directly and indirectly affect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. As the current inventory methodology considers N inputs by crop residues as the sole determining factor for N2O emissions, it fails to consider other underlying factors and processes. There is compelling evidence that emissions vary greatly between residues with different biochemical and physical characteristics, with the concentrations of mineralizable N and decomposable C in the residue biomass both enhancing the soil N2O production potential. High concentrations of these components are associated with immature residues (e.g., cover crops, grass, legumes, and vegetables) as opposed to mature residues (e.g., straw). A more accurate estimation of the short‐term (months) effects of the crop residues on N2O could involve distinguishing mature and immature crop residues with distinctly different emission factors. The medium‐term (years) and long‐term (decades) effects relate to the effects of residue management on soil N fertility and soil physical and chemical properties, considering that these are affected by local climatic and soil conditions as well as land use and management. More targeted mitigation efforts for N2O emissions, after addition of crop residues to the soil, are urgently needed and require an improved methodology for emission accounting. This work needs to be underpinned by research to (1) develop and validate N2O emission factors for mature and immature crop residues, (2) assess emissions from belowground residues of terminated crops, (3) improve activity data on management of different residue types, in particular immature residues, and (4) evaluate long‐term effects of residue addition on N2O emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. A new equation to simulate the contact between soil and maize residues of different sizes during their decomposition
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Iqbal, Akhtar, Garnier, Patricia, Lashermes, Gwenaëlle, and Recous, Sylvie
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- 2014
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5. The fate of nitrogen from winter-frozen rapeseed leaves: mineralization, fluxes to the environment and uptake by rapeseed crop in spring
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Dejoux, Jean-François, Recous, Sylvie, Meynard, Jean-Marc, Trinsoutrot, Isabelle, and Leterme, Philippe
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- 2000
6. Quality and decomposition in soil of rhizome, root and senescent leaf from Miscanthus x giganteus, as affected by harvest date and N fertilization
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Amougou, Norbert, Bertrand, Isabelle, Machet, Jean-Marie, and Recous, Sylvie
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- 2011
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7. Net N immobilisation during the biodegradation of mucilage in soil as affected by repeated mineral and organic fertilisation
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Nguyen, Christophe, Froux, Fabienne, Recous, Sylvie, Morvan, Thierry, and Robin, Christophe
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- 2008
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8. Mineralisation of crop residues on the soil surface or incorporated in the soil under controlled conditions
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Abiven, Samuel and Recous, Sylvie
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- 2007
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9. Influence of tree species on gross and net N transformations in forest soils
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Zeller, Bernd, Recous, Sylvie, Kunze, Morgan, Moukoumi, Judicaël, Colin-Belgrand, Micheline, Bienaimé, Séverine, Ranger, Jacques, and Dambrine, Etienne
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- 2007
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10. Bouclage des cycles: des approches renouvelées et plus englobantes des cycles biogéochimiques
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Cellier, Pierre, Pellerin, Sylvain, Recous, Sylvie, Vertès, Francoise, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Guy Richard, Pierre Stengel, Gilles Lemaire, Pierre Cellier, Egizio Valceschini, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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cycles biogéochimiques ,azote ,maîtrise des impacts environnementaux ,mineral fertilization ,potassium ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,sulphur s (symbol) ,biogeochemical cycle ,Sciences de la Terre ,nitrogen ,bouclage des cycles ,soufre ,fertilisation ,phosphore ,évolution des pratiques ,cascade de l'azote ,histoire ,Earth Sciences ,fertilisation minérale ,phosphorus ,Milieux et Changements globaux ,cycle biogéochimique - Abstract
Bouclage des cycles: des approches renouvelées et plus englobantes des cycles biogéochimiques
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- 2019
11. Fertilité des sols et minéralisation de l'azote : sous l'influence des pratiques culturales, quels processus et interactions sont impliqués ?
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Recous, Sylvie, Chabbi, Abad, Vertes, Francoise, Thiebeau, Pascal, Chenu, C., Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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microorganism ,cycle du carbone ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,sol ,fertilité des sols ,dynamique des matières organiques ,retournement du couvert végétal ,nitrogen ,soil ,cycle de l'azote ,carbon cycle ,nitrogen cycle ,système de culture ,pratique culturale ,organic matter ,azote ,carbone ,fertilité du sol ,matière organique ,micro-organisme ,prairie ,rotation culturale ,semis direct ,travail du sol ,carbon ,crop succession ,crop system ,direct seeding ,grassland ,ploughing-up of vegetal cover ,soil fertility ,soil tillering ,temporary pastures ,Agricultural sciences ,prairie temporaire ,Sciences agricoles - Abstract
La fertilité des sols, notion centrale pour accroître la production des écosystèmes cultivés, est une réalité complexe : elle résulte de l'expression des composantes biologiques, physiques et chimiques des sols et de leurs interactions. Comprendre les mécanismes impliqués permet d'envisager les effets de modifications de pratiques ou de système de culture sur la fertilité. La fertilité est ici décrite comme la capacité des sols à fournir les éléments nutritifs nécessaires à l'alimentation des plantes. Le cycle de l'azote et ses relations avec la dynamique des matières organiques y joue un rôle central ; il est couplé au cycle du carbone par l'activité microbienne hétérotrophe qui minéralise (parfois très rapidement) les résidus de récolte. Les interactions entre processus chimiques, physiques et biologiques du sol sont décrites. Il est ainsi possible d'analyser l'influence de pratiques culturales comme la simplification ou la suppression du labour, l'insertion ou la destruction de prairies temporaires dans les rotations et d'envisager une agriculture reposant davantage sur le recyclage des matières organiques et le fonctionnement biologique du sol., In this study, soil fertility is defined as the ability of soils to furnish necessary nutrients to plants. It is a consequence of the biological, chemical, and physical properties of soils and their interactions. The nitrogen cycle and its relationship with soil organic matter dynamics play a key role; the nitrogen cycle is linked to the carbon cycle by the activity of soil bacteria. Here, we describe the interactions between various biological, chemical, and physical processes that take place in the soil. It is thus possible to examine the effects of cultivation practices, such as limiting or eliminating ploughing, including temporary pastures in rotations, and destroying temporary pastures as part of the rotation cycle. One can also envision an agricultural approach that promotes the recycling of organic matter and the soil's biological functions.
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- 2015
12. Application of N Fertilizer to Sugarcane Mulches: Consequences for the Dynamics of Mulch Decomposition and CO2 and N2O Fluxes.
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Kyulavski, Vladislav, Recous, Sylvie, Garnier, Patricia, Paillat, Jean-Marie, and Thuriès, Laurent
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FERTILIZER application , *MULCHING , *SEWAGE sludge , *ORGANIC fertilizers , *SOIL air , *SUGARCANE , *FERTILIZERS , *UREA as fertilizer - Abstract
Using organic fertilizers on sugarcane mulches is a potentially interesting substitute for mineral fertilization in terms of economic and environmental impacts. However, no general agreement exists regarding the short-term effect of combining mulching and organic fertilization on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, we studied different mixtures in the field by combining two amounts of sugarcane mulch (5 and 10 Mg ha−1) with different N fertilizers (urea, pig slurry, and digested sewage sludge). We measured CO2 and N2O emissions shortly after application of the mixtures (0–14 days) and the mulch decomposition dynamics from 0 to 120 days after application. We hypothesized that the relative amount of N to C modifies the decomposition dynamics and GHG fluxes. The emitted N2O-N and CO2-C were measured using static chambers. Mulch-C decomposition was measured using litterbags. Our results showed that the proportion of mulch-C remaining on the soil on day 120 was not altered by either the type of N fertilizer or the mulch amount. On a shorter time scale (0–49 days), the different N treatments affected the mulch-C and mulch-N losses and the C:N ratios, indicating a transient interaction between the dynamics of the mulch and the added N. The intensity of N2O-N emission was ranked as pig slurry > urea > digested sewage sludge, underscoring the effect of the physical form of N fertilizer. This work highlights the need to jointly study carbon and nitrogen dynamics and consider both soil carbon and gas emissions to assess the GHG balances of sugarcane farming practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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13. Gradient of decomposition in sugarcane mulches of various thicknesses.
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Dietrich, Guilherme, Recous, Sylvie, Pinheiro, Patrick Leal, Weiler, Douglas Adams, Schu, Adriane Luiza, Rambo, Mathias Roberto Leite, and Giacomini, Sandro José
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MULCHING , *SUGARCANE , *CROP residues , *COMPOSITION of water , *SOIL protection - Abstract
• The vertical decomposition gradient was characterized in mulches of various thicknesses. • Top mulch layers decomposed similarly, regardless of the thickness of the underlying mulch. • Low mulch layers decomposed faster as the thickness of the overlying mulch increased. • The decomposition gradient within the mulch was closely correlated with the moisture gradient. Crop residues left on the soil surface as mulch influence many services provided in agrosystems, particularly soil protection, water dynamics and nutrient fluxes. For a given crop, the residue mass influences the mulch thickness, but the effect of thickness on decomposition is not well understood, and decomposition gradients within mulches in the field have not been described. This study aimed to quantify the decomposition of sugarcane straw mulches by varying their mass and thickness and determine the decomposition gradient within the mulches. The experiment was conducted on a first-ratoon sugarcane crop for one year, with 4, 8 and 12 Mg straw dry matter ha−1. Mulches were displayed in 0.16-m2 litter boxes and formed by straw layers of equivalent mass, i.e., 4 Mg ha-1, stacked either as a single layer (Low/Top layer), 2 layers (Low and Top layers) or 3 layers (Low, Middle and Top layers) to reconstitute the 3 mulch quantities. We quantified the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents, the chemical composition and the water content of the remaining mulch particles in each layer 10 times within the 360 days. The mulch degradation rates were proportional to the initial amount of straw, the mulch losses representing 75% of its initial C and 46% of its initial N after one year, regardless of the initial mass. Fertilizer-N addition did not change the k decomposition rate, with k = 0.0044 d−1. However the decomposition rate differed according to the layer position in the mulch, e.g., in the 12 Mg ha−1 treatment k = 0.0064 d−1, 0.0046 d−1 and 0.0033 d−1 for the low, middle and top layers, respectively, indicating that the low layers in contact with the soil decomposed faster than the top layers in contact with the atmosphere, while the medium layers demonstrated intermediate behaviour. The top layers evolved similarly, regardless of mulch thickness, while the lower layers in contact with the soil decomposed more quickly as the overlying straw thickness increased. Regardless of the thickness and position of a given layer within mulch, the one-year layer C loss was linearly correlated with the average water content of that layer over the year (y = 52.79 - 0694x, R2 = 0.991, P < 0.05). Here, we demonstrate that the dynamics of mulch decomposition is primarily driven by the dynamics of water, which is itself driven by mulch characteristics, rain regime and evaporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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14. Méta‐cas – Impact des recherches de l’INRA sur la fertilisation minérale en France
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Joly, Pierre-Benoit, Pellerin, Sylvain, Recous, Sylvie, Département EA, ., ASIRPA (Analyse Socio‐économique des Impacts de la Recherche Publique Agronomique), ., Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-ESIEE Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Environnement et Agronomie (DEPT EA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), auto-saisine, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Département Environnement et Agronomie (DPT_EA)
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azote ,engrais ,mineral fertilization ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,rendement agricole ,fertilisation minérale ,France ,impact de l'environnement ,fertilizer ,nitrogen - Abstract
L’utilisation d’engrais d’origine minérale a été l’un des piliers de la modernisation agricole depuis la seconde guerre mondiale et elle a conditionné la forte augmentation des rendements agricoles. Néanmoins, la fertilisation pèse fortement sur l’économie des exploitations céréalières puisqu’elle représente actuellement 15% des charges totales. En outre elle contribue à la pollution des eaux de surface, à l’émission de gaz à effets de serre (les émissions de N2O, fortement liées à l'usage des engrais N, représentent 50% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre d'origine agricole), et à la consommation d’énergie (il faut l’équivalent d’1 litre de pétrole pour produire 1 kg d’azote). Concernant spécifiquement le phosphore, une grande partie des ressources géologiques non renouvelables a été consommée en quelques dizaines d’années. Le « pic » mondial d’utilisation est prévu en 2035. Au-delà, compte tenu qu’il n’existe aucun produit de substitution, la satisfaction des besoins agricoles (qui consomme plus de 90 % du phosphore extrait des gisements) sera de plus en plus difficile, techniquement et économiquement. Cependant l’évolution française de la consommation d’engrais permet d’observer des changements de comportement des agriculteurs (Figure 1): baisse brutale de la consommation d’engrais P et K depuis le début des années 1970, baisse de la consommation d’engrais azotés depuis le début des années 1990, mais nettement moins marquée que pour P et K.
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- 2014
15. A Dynamic Decision-Making Tool for Calculating the Optimal Rates of N Application for 40 Annual Crops While Minimising the Residual Level of Mineral N at Harvest.
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Machet, Jean-Marie, Dubrulle, Pascal, Damay, Nathalie, Duval, Rémy, Julien, Jean-Luc, and Recous, Sylvie
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DECISION support systems ,PLANT fertilization ,FIELD crops ,NITROGEN fertilizers ,NITROGEN in agriculture - Abstract
Adequate nitrogen (N) fertilisation is an important component of sustainable management in agricultural systems because it reduces the environmental impacts of agriculture. However, taking into account the varied sources of soil N remains a challenge, and farmers require robust decision-making tools to manage increasingly diverse growing conditions. To address these issues, we present the AzoFert® decision support system for farmers and extension services. This tool is capable of providing N recommendations at the field scale for 40 main field crops. It is based on a full inorganic N balance sheet and integrates the dynamic modelling of N supply from soil and various organic sources. Because of the choice of formalisms and parameters and the structure and modularity of the computer design, the tool is easily adaptable to new crops and cropping systems. We illustrate the application of Azofert® through a range of N fertilisation experiments conducted on cereals, sugar beet and vegetables in France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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16. Spatial location of carbon decomposition in the soil pore system
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Strong, D.T., De Wever, Heleen, Merckx, Roel, Recous, Sylvie, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Unité de Recherche Agronomie Laon-Reims-Mons (UA LRM), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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protozoa ,microbial biomass ,matric potentials ,grassland soils ,nematodes ,mineralization ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,fibrous feeds ,accumulation ,organic-matter ,nitrogen - Abstract
International audience; We sought to examine the distribution of carbon (C) decomposition within the framework of the soil pore system. Soils were sampled from a transect having a natural gradient in pore-size distribution. After the addition of labelled wheat straw (C-13) the repacked soil columns were incubated (25°C) at soil water matric potentials of either -75 kPa or -5 kPa and for either 4 or 90 days. Pore-size distribution was determined for each soil column after incubation and soils were then analysed for soluble C, label-derived residual C, label-derived and native biomass C, nematode abundance, and ergosterol concentration as an indicator of fungal biomass. Overall, the data suggested that pore-size distribution and its interaction with soil water give rise to a highly stratified biogeography of organisms through the pore system. This results in different rates of decomposition in pores of different size. Added plant material seemed to decompose most rapidly in soils with a relatively large volume of pores with neck diameters c. 15-60 mum and most slowly in soils with large volumes of pores with neck diameters < 4 mum. Regression analysis suggested that at matric potentials of both -75 kPa and -5 kPa the fastest decomposition of organic substrate occurred close to the gas-water interface. This analysis also implied that slower rates of decomposition occur in the pore class 60-300 mum. Correlations between the mass of soil biota and the pore volume of each pore class point to the importance of fungi and possibly nematodes in the rapid decomposition of C in the pores c. 15-60 mum during the early stages of decomposition.
- Published
- 2004
17. N2O emissions from decomposing crop residues are strongly linked to their initial soluble fraction and early C mineralization.
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Lashermes, Gwenaëlle, Recous, Sylvie, Alavoine, Gonzague, Janz, Baldur, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Ernfors, Maria, and Laville, Patricia
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- 2022
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18. Miscanthus × giganteus leaf senescence, decomposition and C and N inputs to soil.
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Amougou, Norbert, Bertrand, Isabelle, Cadoux, Stephane, and Recous, Sylvie
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ENERGY crops ,GREENHOUSE gases ,MISCANTHUS ,FOLIAR diagnosis ,BIODEGRADATION - Abstract
Energy crops are currently promoted as potential sources of alternative energy that can help mitigate the climate change caused by greenhouse gases ( GHGs). The perennial crop Miscanthus × giganteus is considered promising due to its high potential for biomass production under conditions of low input. However, to assess its potential for GHG mitigation, a better quantification of the crop's contribution to soil organic matter recycling under various management systems is needed. The aim of this work was to study the effect of abscised leaves on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) recycling in a Miscanthus plantation. The dynamics of senescent leaf fall, the rate of leaf decomposition (using a litter bag approach) and the leaf accumulation at the soil surface were tracked over two 1-year periods under field conditions in Northern France. The fallen leaves represented an average yearly input of 1.40 Mg C ha
−1 and 16 kg N ha−1 . The abscised leaves lost approximately 54% of their initial mass in 1 year due to decomposition; the remaining mass, accumulated as a mulch layer at the soil surface, was equivalent to 7 Mg dry matter ( DM) ha−1 5 years after planting. Based on the estimated annual leaf-C recycling rate and a stabilization rate of 35% of the added C, the annual contribution of the senescent leaves to the soil C was estimated to be approximately 0.50 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 or 10 Mg C ha−1 total over the 20-year lifespan of a Miscanthus crop. This finding suggested that for Miscanthus, the abscised leaves contribute more to the soil C accumulation than do the rhizomes or roots. In contrast, the recycling of the leaf N to the soil was less than for the other N fluxes, particularly for those involving the transfer of N from the tops of the plant to the rhizome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2012
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19. Nitrogen-15 tracers combined with tension-neutronic method to estimate the nitrogen balance of...
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Normand, Beatrice and Recous, Sylvie
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SOIL science , *NITROGEN , *IRRIGATED soils , *CORN - Abstract
Characterizes the response of maize (Zea mays L.) to fertilization. Quantification of the N balance during and after the crop cycle; Methodology used in study; Dynamics of soil and fertilizer N (NO3-transport and N balance during cropping and intercropping periods; What results showed about the traditional fertilizer input; Discussion on findings of study; Concluding remarks.
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- 1997
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20. How the mass and quality of wheat and vetch mulches affect drivers of soil N2O emissions.
- Author
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Schmatz, Raquel, Recous, Sylvie, Adams Weiler, Douglas, Elias Pilecco, Getúlio, Luiza Schu, Adriane, Lago Giovelli, Roberta, and José Giacomini, Sandro
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VETCH , *CROP residues , *WHEAT quality , *CROP management , *MULCHING - Abstract
• Management of crop residues influences residue-derived N 2 O emissions. • Major environmental drivers of N 2 O emissions are affected by mulch mass and quality. • Vetch mulch increased soil available C and N and N 2 O emitted compare to wheat mulch. • Crop residue emission factors should consider the effects of mulch on soil functions. Crop residue affects nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions in no-tillage systems, but the magnitude of the emissions depends on soil drivers that are directly influenced by crop residue quality and quantity. We conducted a one-year study to investigate how mulch chemical characteristics and mass affect N 2 O emissions during their decomposition in the field under subtropical conditions. The mulch treatments consisted of vetch and wheat crop residues applied to the soil at quantities of 0, 3, 6 and 9 Mg ha−1 dry matter. We followed the kinetics of mulch carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), soil temperature, moisture and inorganic N, the denitrification end-product ratio [N 2 O/(N 2 O + N 2)] at days 15 and 30, and N 2 O and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions with a static chamber method. Mulch decomposition and C and N dynamics were very rapid for vetch and much more gradual for wheat, reflecting the differences in their initial chemical compositions, but for both residues, the initial mulch mass had no effect on the decomposition rate. The presence of mulches increased soil moisture in the 0–10 cm soil layer, with the results for water-filled pore space by treatment as 0 = 3 < 6 = 9 Mg ha−1. Vetch also significantly increased the inorganic N content in the soil, unlike wheat, which caused net N immobilization. The daily N 2 O fluxes were strongly and positively correlated with CO 2 fluxes (r = 0.83). The highest N 2 O fluxes were observed in the first 60 days with the vetch residues, and the results increased by treatment as 0 < 3 < 6 = 9 Mg ha−1; for wheat, the mean N 2 O emitted was 50% lower than that for vetch and was not affected by mulch mass. Although the cumulative N 2 O emitted was higher in vetch than in wheat, the N 2 O emission factor was higher for the wheat than for the vetch residues (EF = 4.64% vs 1.75% of N applied). We conclude that while mulch mass and quality strongly influenced soil drivers of N 2 O emissions, not only the N input but also the nature of residue C and the residue location must be taken into account to understand and predict N 2 O emissions associated to crop residue management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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21. Couplage des cycles du carbone et de l'azote dans les sols cultivés: Etude, au champ, des processus de décomposition après apport de matière organique fraîche
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Aita, Celso and Recous, Sylvie
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azote ,paille de blé ,[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,decomposition ,sol ,wheat straw ,carbon ,décomposition ,traçage isotopique ,carbone ,isotope ,nitrogen ,soil - Abstract
Predicting the evolution of nitrogen transformations and nitrate transfers in the soil in the short term is necessary to manage crop nitrogen fertilization and limit nitrate pollution. A number of processes involved in the closely related carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles during the decomposition of crop residues in the soil, which are already relatively well known under controlled conditions, need to be studied under field conditions. The objective of this work was to quantify the coupled transformations of C and N in a soil, after incorporation of wheat straw, in the absence of plants, on a one-year scale. The two treatments compared consisted of the addition or not of a wheat straw doubly labelled 13C-15N. The variables monitored were the C and N mineralization of the straw and their evolution in the soil, the dynamics of C and N incorporation in the microbial biomass and in the different granulometric fractions of the soil, and the gross N fluxes (mineralization and immobilization. Straw decomposition was very rapid immediately after incorporation. The evolution of 13C-straw quantities in the soil was described by a two-compartment model, each decomposing according to first order kinetics. Isotope tracing associated with particle size fractionation allowed the dynamics of 13C and 15N transfers from straw to the different soil particle size fractions to be followed. After one year, 23% of the 13C supplied was found in the soil, including 14% in the fraction < 50µm. A method was developed to analyse the C and N contents in the microbial biomass and their 13C and 15N isotopic excesses in the same sample. The amount of C and N-biomass increased significantly with the addition of straw. However, the amount of straw-derived C and N in this biomass represented only 4.5 and 18.1% of the supplied C and N, respectively. We demonstrate the value of a numerical compartmental analysis method for the simultaneous estimation of gross N fluxes. This measurement of gross mineralization and immobilization by 15N isotope tracing indicates that significant amounts of N are involved in the decomposition of straw carbon by heterotrophic soil microorganisms. This effect of straw on N fluxes was no longer perceptible one year after its incorporation into the soil and this is in agreement with the observations made on the evolution of microbial biomass and residual C in the soil. This work provides a database for testing C and N biotransformation models. A first comparison between measured and simulated values for mineralized C and gross N fluxes was carried out with the CANTIS model developed by Néel (1996), La prédiction de l'évolution des transformations de l'azote et des transferts de nitrate dans le sol à court terme est nécessaire pour gérer la fertilisation azotée des cultures et limiter la pollution nitrique. Un certain nombre de processus intervenant sur les cycles étroitement liés du carbone (C) et de l'azote (N) pendant la décomposition des résidus de culture dans le sol, déjà relativement connus en conditions contrôlées, nécessitent d'être étudiés en conditions de plein champ. L'objectif de ce travail a été de quantifier les transformations couplées de C et N dans un sol, après incorporation de paille de blé, en absence de plante, à l'échelle d'une année. Les deux traitements comparés ont consisté en l'apport ou non d'une paille de blé doublement marquée 13C-15N. Les variables suivies ont été: la minéralisation de C et de N de la paille et leur évolution dans le sol, la dynamique d'incorporation de C et de N dans la biomasse microbienne et dans les différentes fractions granulométriques du sol, et les flux bruts d'azote (minéralisation et organisation) et leur évolution au cours du temps. La décomposition de la paille a été très rapide juste après incorporation. L'évolution des quantités de 13C-paille dans le sol a été décrite par un modèle à deux compartiments, chacun se décomposant selon une cinétique du premier ordre. Le traçage isotopique associé au fractionnement granulométrique a permis de suivre la dynamique des transferts du 13C et du 15N de la paille aux différentes fractions granulométriques du sol. Après une année, 23% du 13C apporté a été retrouvé dans le sol, dont 14% dans la fraction < à 50µm. Une méthode permettant d'analyser dans le même échantillon les teneurs de C et N dans la biomasse microbienne et leurs excès isotopiques 13C et 15N a été développée. La quantité de C et N-biomasse a augmenté significativement avec l'apport de paille. Cependant, la quantité de C et N dérivé de la paille dans cette biomasse n'a représenté que 4.5 et 18.1 % de C et N apporté, respectivement. Nous démontrons l'intérêt d'une méthode d'analyse compartimentale numérique pour l'estimation simultanée des flux bruts d'azote. Cette mesure de minéralisation et d'organisation brutes par traçage isotopique 15N, indique que des quantités importantes d'azote sont mises en jeu lors de la décomposition du carbone de la paille par les micro-organismes hétérotrophes du sol. Cet effet de la paille sur les flux d'azote n'est plus perceptible un an après son incorporation au sol et ceci est en accord avec les observations faites sur l'évolution de la biomasse microbienne et du C résiduel dans le sol. Ce travail constitue une base de données permettant de tester les modèles de biotransformations du C et N. Une première comparaison entre valeurs mesurées et simulées pour le C minéralisé et les flux bruts d'azote a été réalisée avec le modèle CANTIS développé par Néel (1996)
- Published
- 1996
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