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The study assessed the efficiency of nitrogen use in winter wheat, cultivar 'Ciprian' through the combined application of nitrogen with phosphorus fertilizers, between 2016 and 2021. The research was organized within ARDS Lovrin, Timiş County, Romania, under the conditions of a chernozem soil type. The experimental factors considered were: experimental factor A - year of experimentation - six years 2016-2021; experimental factor B - mineral nitrogen fertilizers, with the following graduations: 0 kg N ha-1 (control), 30 kg N ha-1, 60 kg N ha-1, 90 kg N ha-1 and 120 kg N ha-1; experimental factor C - mineral phosphorus fertilizers, with the following five graduations: 0 kg P ha-1 (control), 40 kg P ha-1, 80 kg P ha-1, 120 kg P ha-1 and 160 kg P ha-1. Production has been taken into consideration for NEU evaluation (Y, kg ha-1), the total nitrogen (Ntot) content (%) of the grains, N uptake (%) in relation to the experimental factors considered. Differences in NUEs had different significance compared to each experimental factor, and the interaction between A×B, A×C and B×C factors generated differences in statistically safe conditions (p<0.05 in A×C case, and p<0.001 in A×B and B×C case). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bread quality of wheat is one of the most important aspects targeted by crop technologies, given the great diversity of foods obtained from this crop and given the fact that bread is one of the main foods in the daily diet of many people. This paper highlights the role of mineral fertilization with nitrogen on the accumulation of gluten proteins. The study was conducted at SCDA Lovrin, in a long-term experiment with fertilizers. The Lab-on-a-Chip (LoaC) technique was used to extract gliadin and glutenin, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ammonium nitrate was used for fertilization, with the following graduation: N0, N30, N60, N90 and N120. Nitrogen fertilizers significantly influence the quality of wheat crop. Thus, the percentage of protein and wet gluten increase by up to 47% and 70%, respectively. The accumulation of glutenins and glutenins at the level of molecular weight, increases exponentially with the dose of fertilizer administered to the crop, the highest values being registered at doses N90 kg / ha and N120 kg / ha, values statistically assured very significant for the probability of transgression of 0.1%. Also, the gliadin / glutenin ratio, whose value is an indicator for the bread quality of the grains, records the best value (as close as possible to 1) in the variant fertilized with the maximum dose of nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper intends to interpret from a technical point of view the data and yield functions which resulted from applying different fertilizer doses with nitrogen and phosphorus. The analyzed parameters (yield, yield increase, marginal increase) represent basic elements with determining role in establishing the doses and approximating the economic efficiency when applying fertilizers. The data comes from a long time experience with chemical fertilizers at Agricultural Research and Development Station (A.R.D.S.) Secuieni, Neamţ county, Romania, since 1975 and examines the results obtained between 2010-2012. As a result of nitrogen and phosphorus chemical fertilizers application (compared to the unfertilized version N0P0), were achieved yield increases of 5-56%, representing 234-2342 kg/ha. The resulted yield have been influenced by the fertilizer's type but also by the weather conditions in the research period. The use of phosphorus fertilizers in doses of P40-P160 brought medium yield increases compared to the unfertilized version P0 of 5-13% representing 256-681 kg/ha, and those with N40-N160 nitrogen brought medium increases (compared to the unfertilized version N0) of 15 -35% representing 599-1584 kg/ha. The production increases were directly correlated with the doses used, establishing highly significant correlations. The yield increases achieved by applying 1 kg of fertilizer active matter had medium values of 4.25-8.82 kg wheat/kg active matter P2O5 at phosphorus fertilizers and 9.9-14.97 kg wheat/kg active matter N at nitrogen fertilizers. These increases were indirectly correlated with the applied doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]