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Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitrides (2D g-C3N4) are promising photocatalysts for water splitting to hydrogen due to their non-toxicity and high stability. However, the bulk g-C3N4 has some intrinsic drawbacks, such as rapid electron–hole recombination and low charge-carrier mobility, resulting in poor photocatalytic activity. Here, 2,4-diamine-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine was employed as a precursor to regulating the assembly of melamine and cyanuric acid in water. The resulting g-C3N4 not only improved the visible light absorption and electron–hole separation but also provided more catalytic sites for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The modified g-C3N4 (CNP10-H) showed a hydrogen-releasing rate of 2184 μmol·g−1·h−1, much higher than the bulk g-C3N4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) bridge between two semiconductors (AgBr and graphitic carbon nitride) was created to boost photoelectrochemical performance. The heterojunction created makes the whole system a Z-scheme catalyst. For the construction of this catalyst, the syringe pump methodology was adopted and different analytical techniques were used for the confirmation of structure and morphology. High angle annular dark field (HAADF), dark field (DF), DF-4 and DF-2 techniques, using Z-contrast phenomena, confirmed the heterostructure (ABGCN) and its composition. The constructed structure showed an enhanced photoelectrochemical and catalytic property against 'acute toxicity category-III (MM)' and 'category-IV (tetracycline hydrochloride (TH))' organic pollutants. The constructed catalyst degraded the MM in 57 min and the TH in 35 min with degradation rates of 0.01489 min−1 and 0.02387 min−1, respectively, due to the accumulation of photogenerated electrons on the conduction band (CB) of g-C3N4 and photogenerated holes on the valence band (VB) of AgBr by the transformation of charges through the graphene bridge. An ion trapping study also revealed that ·O2 and h+ were the active species which actively participated in the photocatalytic reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vacuum tube method has been used for the construction of nondestructive and physically stable graphitic carbon nitride/graphene nanoplatelet composites and their photocatalytic behavior studied by measuring different photoactivities, such as photocurrent, photoluminescence, and the photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride under visible‐light irradiation. The formation of a heterojunction was confirmed by XRD, TEM, SEM, FTIR, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. The results of this research indicate that the vacuum tube method is a facile, economic, and environmentally friendly approach to the preparation of composites. An ion‐trapping experiment indicated that, under visible light, the most effective photocatalyst generated the superoxide radical (O2·–) and holes (h+) to achieve the complete degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research reported electro-static junctions between carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphitic carbon nitride (CCN) with enhanced photocatalytic properties. The CNT and CCN formed the CTCN (CNT/CCN) by the electro-statistic driving force under hydrothermal methodology. The materials fabrication was confirmed by using different analyzing techniques such as SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR (etc). Also, the photocatalytic ability was studied by the degradation of R-610 under visible light irradiation. The CTCN-1 possess the higher degradation rate 0.0105 min−1 and higher current density 0.19 μA/cm2 as compare to other, CTCN-2 (0.0088 min−1, 0.16 μ A/cm2), CTCN-3 (0.0065 min−1, 0.12 μ A/cm2) and CCN (0.0035 min−1, 0.10 μ A/cm2). The combining of CNT with CCN in a specific amount reduces the structure defects in graphitic carbon nitride by reducing the charge recombination ability. Ion-trapping experiments showed that superoxide radicals and holes are the most generated and effective photogenerated species to accomplish the degradation of R-610 (rhodamine-610) under visible light irradiation. • Electro-statistic junctions between CNT and graphitic carbon nitride was created. • Optimum quantity of CNT with CCN can reduce the structure defects. • O− 2 and h+ are the most effective photogenerated species to accomplish the R-610. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spherical graphitic carbon nitride was successfully synthesized with one step method. • The degradation rate of spherical-C 3 N 4 was higher as compare traditional-C 3 N 4. • Complete degradation of Tetracycline hydrochloride occurs by SCN in short duration. Graphitic-carbon nitride with spherical morphology (SCN) was synthesized via very simple one step solvothermal method. Prepared photocatalyst was carefully analyzed by different techniques such as FTIR-infrared spectra, XPS, X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. These analysis results indicated that the synthesized material possess the structure of graphitic carbon nitride with a novel morphology. The degradation ability of spherical g-C 3 N 4 was checked by degrading an antibiotic (i.e. Tetracycline hydrochloride, TC-HCl). SCN shows the degradation rate (0.0357 min−1) much higher as compare to traditionally prepared graphitic carbon nitride (0.0047 min−1). Moreover, recycling tests showed that the SCN possess good stability and reusability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]