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The effects of gliadin and glyc-gli on leukocyte chemiluminescence response were assessed in vitro. A dose-dependent increase in chemiluminescence response of neutrophils stimulated by zymosan was observed by using gliadin at concentrations ranging between 1 and 20 micrograms. By increasing glyc-gli concentration, a bimodal response was observed with an enhancement up to 50 micrograms/ml, followed by suppressive effects, which were again dose-dependent. The possible implications of these findings in human pathology are discussed.

The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2, 3-trans-nonenal (HNE) has a spectrum of biological effects on different cell types depending on the concentrations tested. In particular micromolar HNE concentrations stimulate neutrophil migration and polarization whereas higher doses inhibit. In our experimental conditions, fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP) increased CL production of both unstimulated and zymosan-stimulated neutrophils, whereas cell stimulation with low HNE concentrations as well as zymosan addition to HNE incubated cells did not enhance light emission. In contrast 10(-4) M HNE reduced CL emission by unstimulated cells nearly to background values, completely depressed CL production by zymosan-stimulated cells and reduced phagocytosis. Cysteine was found to be able to counteract the HNE effect by about 70 per cent. The possibility that this aldehyde could exert its inhibitory effect through the alkylation of NADPH-oxidase SH-groups is postulated. Moreover, our present data on differences observed between fMLP and HNE indicate a different chemotactic mechanism induced by these two classes of compounds and lead to the conclusion that the local functional features of the attracted cells may be different.

Neutrophil oxidative metabolism, C3d and beta 2 microglobulin levels, were assessed in nine consecutive patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery with polypropylene hollow fiber oxygenators for open cardiac operations. Generation of oxygen free radicals by neutrophils was measured as luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence after stimulation with opsonized Zymosan and phorbol myristate acetate. A significant increase in light emission was detected by using both of the chemiluminescence stimulators. Moreover, a remarkable and significant increase in C3d levels was found already at 10 min. Conversely minimal changes in levels of beta 2 microglobulin were detected during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. These data suggest that the impact of the patient blood with the foreign surface of cardiopulmonary bypass results in activation of phagocyte cells with increased potential in oxygen consumption. These effects could be partially complement-mediated.

Neutrophil oxidative metabolism was prospectively assessed in 9 consecutive patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with polypropylene hollow fiber oxygenators for open cardiac operations. Blood samples were collected at 10, 20, and 30 min of CPB. The generation of oxygen-free radicals by neutrophils was measured as luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence after stimulation with opsonized Zymosan and Phorbol Myristate Acetate. A significant increase in light emission was detected by using both the chemiluminescence stimulators. These data suggest that the contact of patient blood with foreign surfaces during cardiopulmonary bypass results in activation of phagocyte cells.