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The article presents an interview with neuroscientist Karel Svoboda. Topics discussed include advantages of two-photon microscopy over standard fluorescence microscopy for brain tissues imaging; his role in the development of two-photon microscopy; and initial findings on brain structure and function.

An interview with neuroscientist Huda Zoghbi, professor at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, is presented. When asked to tell her discovery of the gene implicated in the Rett syndrome, she says that it was sixteen years from seeing her first patient to identifying the gene responsible for the disorder.

An interview with Karl Deisseroth, a neuroscientist at Stanford University, is presented. Deisseroth is known for developing precise tools to probe brain function. He discusses the conceptual history leading to optogenetics, a molecular technique for manipulating neurons using light. He talks about his inaugural article which describes how the previously unresolved power of channelrhodopsins can be unleashed to control animal behavior.

An interview with Ben Barres, a neuroscientist at Stanford University and the first elected transgendered researcher at the National Academy of Sciences, is presented. Some of the issues he addressed include his interest in glia which supports neurons, the significance of astrocytes in synapse elimination and his contribution to the treatment of nerve damage.

An interview with Salk Institute neuroscientist Fred Gage is presented. When asked about the ways retrotransposons act as an evolutionary force, he answers that the elements can contribute to somatic evolution and disease. He states that the ultimate goal of creating a repository of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell is to compare the development of human brain and human's nearest primate living relatives such as chimps and bonobos. He also describes the composition of the iPS stem cell bank.

An interview with Patricia Kuhl, neuroscientist at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington is presented. When asked about her article regarding the change of the speech perception of infants, she refers that children lose ability to distinguish between sounds in foreign languages. She notes that brain imaging with babies is challenging. She mentions that babies can recite from memory the things that they heard from their parents reading to them.

An interview with neuroscientist Thomas Jessell is presented. Jessell notes the consideration of dexterous movements as evolutionary accomplishments beneficial for humans. He explains that motor action fidelity is assessed by sensory feedback through muscle contraction monitoring. He accounts the attribution of behavioral abnormalities to the consideration of limb as an oscillator driven by feedback.

An interview with New York University neuroscientist Joseph LeDoux is presented. When asked about his argument that the term, fear system, is misnomer, LeDoux refers to the basic understanding about how the brain responds to threats from animal studies. He talks about the clinical implications to conflating nonconscious threat processing with the conscious state of fear. He also tackles his idea on defensive organismic state for responses to danger.

An interview with neuroscientist and member of the National Academy of Sciences Robert Malenka is presented. When asked to explain the synaptic plasticity in the brain, he said plasticity is referring to the ability of experience in modifying the organization of neural circuits of the brain. He has pinpointed changes in the synaptic proteins that alters the neurotransmission across synapses. Malenka has also worked on how cocaine and amphetamines affect synapses.