1. Aberrant protein S-nitrosylation contributes to hyperexcitability-induced synaptic damage in Alzheimer’s disease: Mechanistic insights and potential therapies
- Author
-
Swagata Ghatak, Tomohiro Nakamura, and Stuart A. Lipton
- Subjects
Aging ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Neurodegenerative ,NMDA receptors ,Protein S ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Alzheimer Disease ,Acquired Cognitive Impairment ,Humans ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Aged ,Neurons ,hyperexcitability ,Neurosciences ,Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) ,Alzheimer's disease ,Reactive Nitrogen Species ,S-nitrosylation ,Sensory Systems ,Brain Disorders ,NitroSynapsin ,Neurological ,Dementia ,Alzheimer’s disease ,glutamate excitotoxicity - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is arguably the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and is marked by progressive synaptic degeneration, which in turn leads to cognitive decline. Studies in patients and in various AD models have shown that one of the early signatures of AD is neuronal hyperactivity. This excessive electrical activity contributes to dysregulated neural network function and synaptic damage. Mechanistically, evidence suggests that hyperexcitability accelerates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that contribute to neural network impairment and synapse loss. This review focuses on the pathways and molecular changes that cause hyperexcitability and how RNS-dependent posttranslational modifications, represented predominantly by protein S-nitrosylation, mediate, at least in part, the deleterious effects of hyperexcitability on single neurons and the neural network, resulting in synaptic loss in AD.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF