1. Behavioural and electrophysiological effects of tDCS to prefrontal cortex in patients with disorders of consciousness
- Author
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Emanuela Casanova, Emanuela Formaggio, Roberto Piperno, Marianna Cavinato, Silvia Francesca Storti, Clara Genna, Francesco Piccione, Paolo Manganotti, Caterina Gregorio, Cavinato, M., Genna, C., Formaggio, E., Gregorio, C., Storti, S. F., Manganotti, P., Casanova, E., Piperno, R., and Piccione, F.
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Brain activity and meditation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Prefrontal Cortex ,EEG power ,Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ,050105 experimental psychology ,tDCS ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Disorders of consciousness ,EEG coherence ,Sensory Systems ,Neurology ,Neurology (clinical) ,Physiology (medical) ,Aged ,Consciousness Disorders ,Cross-Over Studies ,Double-Blind Method ,Electroencephalography ,Female ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Persistent Vegetative State ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Beta wave ,Prefrontal cortex ,Disorders of consciousne ,Persistent vegetative state ,Transcranial direct-current stimulation ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Minimally conscious state ,Cross-Over Studie ,medicine.disease ,Consciousness Disorder ,Wakefulness ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Human - Abstract
Objectives Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was applied in a group of patients with disorders of consciousness to determine the effects of modulation of spontaneous oscillatory brain activity. Methods 12 patients in an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and 12 in a minimally conscious state (MCS) underwent 2-weeks active and 2-weeks sham tDCS. Neurophysiological assessment was performed with EEG power spectra and coherence analysis directly before and after each session. Results An increase of power and coherence of the frontal and parietal alpha and beta frequency bands and significant clinical improvements were seen after the active tDCS in MCS patients. In contrast, UWS patients showed some local frontal changes in the slow frequencies. No treatment effect was observed after sham. Conclusions tDCS could induce changes in cortical EEG oscillations, modulating the travel of alpha and beta waves between anterior and posterior brain areas when some cognitive functions were preserved. This plays an important role in consciousness by integrating cognitive-emotional processing with the state of arousal. In unresponsive people, brain integration seems to be lost. Significance Our results further support the critical role of long-range fronto-parietal connections in consciousness and show the potential therapeutic utility of tDCS.
- Published
- 2019