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Purpose. The purpose of this case report is to present the findings of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of a patient with bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with optic disc drusen (ODD), who was treated with intravitreal aflibercept injection. Case presentation. A 14-year-old girl presented with a complaint of visual loss and metamorphopsia in her both eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/32 and 20/25, respectively, in the right and left eyes. Intraocular pressure and anterior segment examination were normal. Dilated fundus examination revealed elevated optic discs with blurred margins in both eyes. In addition, slightly elevated yellow lesion extending from optic nerve head to the macula was observed bilaterally. The patient underwent imaging with colour fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), spectral-domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT), OCTA, orbital ultrasonography (USG), and computed tomography (CT). In particular, OCTA demonstrated clearly the large circular CNV complex in the right eye and the CNV structure in the left eye containing slightly activated main trunk and minimal vessel loops in the papillomacular region. CNV secondary to bilateral ODD was suspected. Intravitreal aflibercept injections were performed in 3 doses to the right eye and a single dose to the left eye. After the injections, BCVA reached its complete level in both eyes. SD-OCT revealed irregularity of RPE in the temporal region of the optic disc and complete regression of the subretinal fluid. Interestingly, the entire CNV complex including the main trunk completely disappeared in OCTA. CNV complex was not observed in OCTA during 1-year follow-up, and peripapillary and macular vascular density measurements did not show any significant change. BCVA was preserved, and no additional injections were needed. Conclusion. It is possible that OCTA can be used for detailed evaluation of CNV associated with ODD, response to anti-VEGF treatment, and peripapillary and macular vascular density. There is a need for further studies to confirm the changes such as disappearance of CNV in OCTA after injection as we observed in our patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aims: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the retinal and choroidal changes via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients who received hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 female patients who received HCQ were included in the study. Patients were categorized into two groups as high-risk (≥ 5 years) and low-risk (< 5 years) in terms of HCQ-induced retinal toxicity. Spectral domain-OCT, OCTA, and visual field tests were performed. Retinal thickness, vascular density, flow rates, choroidal thickness (CT), and visual field parameters were compared between the groups, and the correlation between total HCQ cumulative dose, duration of use, and these parameters was assessed.Results: Compared to low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had vascular density loss (p < 0.05). In this group, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was found to be wider (p < 0.05). Retinal and choroidal flow rates were found to be decreased markedly in the high-risk group (p < 0.05). CT was found to be thinner in the high-risk group (p < 0.05). HCQ cumulative dose and duration of use had a negative significant correlation with all vascular density, flow rate, CT parameters, and positive significant correlation with FAZ parameters (p < 0.05). In visual field tests, mean defect (MD) was found to be increased in the high-risk group (p < 0.05). Moreover, MD had a positive correlation with HCQ cumulative dose and duration of use (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Evaluation of microvascular changes via OCTA may contribute to the early detection of HCQ-induced retinal toxicity, which cannot be detected through other imaging devices, at the stage when it is reversible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]