1. Chondroitin sulfate-modified antiangiogenic peptide conjugate induces cell apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated pathway to perform antitumor activity.
- Author
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Li Y, Fu J, Hou H, Tang W, Liu Z, Gao D, Zhao F, Gao X, Sun F, and Tan H
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Apoptosis, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, Mitochondria metabolism, Cell Line, Tumor, Chondroitin Sulfates pharmacology, Chondroitin Sulfates metabolism, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neoplasms metabolism
- Abstract
Tumor growth and metastasis heavily rely on angiogenesis, crucial for solid tumor development. Inhibiting angiogenesis associated with tumors emerges as a potent therapeutic approach. Our previous work synthesized the chondroitin sulfate-modified antiangiogenic peptide CS-ES2-AF (CS-EA), which exhibited better antiangiogenic activity, longer half-life, and more robust targeting. In this work, we further evaluated the stability in vitro, cellular uptake mechanism, cell apoptosis mechanism, antitumor activity in vivo, and safety of CS-EA. The stability of CS-EA was consistently superior to that of EA at different temperatures and in different pH ranges. Furthermore, CS-EA mainly entered EAhy926 cells through the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. CS-EA inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, and induced cell apoptosis through downregulating the Bcl-2, reducing mitochondria membrane potential, upregulating cytochrome c, Caspase 3, and reactive oxygen species levels. CS-EA showed better antitumor activity in the B16 xenografted tumor model, with a tumor inhibition rate 1.92 times higher than EA. Simultaneously, it was observed that CS-EA did not cause any harmful effects on the vital organs of the mice. These findings indicate that CS-EA holds significant promise for the treatment of tumors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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