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While the majority of brain metastases arise from lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma, new treatments and improved prognoses have altered the profile of primary cancers that metastasize to the brain. We sought to determine the proportion of brain metastases from less common primary sites and conduct trend analyses. We reviewed the charts of 3585 patients with brain metastases seen at our institution from 2008 to 2018. We determined the primary site for each of these patients, and the Mann-Kendall test was used to evaluate temporal trends in the yearly proportion of brain metastases originating from each primary cancer. The five most common primary sites were lung (43.0%), breast (19.9%), melanoma (8.2%), renal (5.0%), and colorectal (3.8%). The proportion of yearly brain metastases originating from breast cancer (p = 0.029) and melanoma (p = 0.013) decreased by 23.8% and 46.7%, respectively, from 2008 (0.21 breast, 0.15 melanoma) to 2018 (0.16 breast, 0.08 melanoma), while no change was found in the proportion of brain metastases from lung, renal, and colorectal cancers. Brain metastases arising from rare primary sites, defined as those comprising at most 2% of all brain metastases, increased by 34.4% (p = 0.005). Limited sample size prohibited trend analysis of other individual primary sites. We report a decrease over 11 years in the proportion of brain metastases originating from breast cancer and melanoma at our institution, and an increase in brain metastases from rare primary sites. Further work with larger, multi-center databases will enable additional evaluation of brain metastases from rare primary sites., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Pediatric cancer survivors suffer indirect long-term effects of their disease; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the effect of pediatric cancer survivorship on sexual function., Aim: To assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with sexual dysfunction among pediatric cancer survivors., Methods: Pediatric cancer survivors were recruited to complete an online survey using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) or the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), both validated questionnaires to assess female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and erectile dysfunction (ED). Patient demographics, oncologic history, prior treatment, and sexual habits were also queried. Logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors for sexual dysfunction, and Mann-Whitney U test was used to identify factors associated with individual domains of the FSFI., Outcomes: The main outcome measures were FSFI and IIEF-5 score, which are used to diagnose FSD (FSFI<26.55) and ED (IIEF-5<22)., Results: A total of 21 (72.4%) female respondents and 20 (71.4%) male respondents were sexually active and completed the survey and FSFI or IIEF-5 questionnaire, respectively. Mean (±SD) age was 23.7 (4.1) years, and average age at diagnosis was 9.1 (5.0), with no difference between genders. Overall, 25.0% (5/20) of male and 52.4% (11/21) of female pediatric cancer survivors reported sexual dysfunction (P = .11). Oncologic history and prior treatment were not associated with sexual function. Females who reported difficulty relaxing during intercourse in the last 6 months had higher odds of reporting sexual dysfunction (odds ratio: 13.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-151.2, P = .03). Subgroup analysis of FSFI domains found that previous radiation therapy was correlated with decreased lubrication and satisfaction during intercourse, whereas previous treatment to the pelvic region significantly reduced satisfaction and increased pain during intercourse., Clinical Implications: Female pediatric cancer survivors have higher odds of reporting sexual dysfunction after treatment and should be screened appropriately to provide early intervention and to mitigate risk., Strength & Limitations: Our study includes validated questionnaires to assess FSD and ED and queries specific characteristics to assess their association with sexual dysfunction. However, the study is limited by sample size and its cross-sectional survey design., Conclusions: The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in this cohort is higher than that in the general population of equivalent-aged individuals, and clinicians should be aware of these potential long-term sequelae. Greenberg DR, Khandwala YS, Bhambhvani HP, et-al. Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction in Pediatric Cancer Survivors. J Sex Med 2020;17:1715-1722., (Copyright © 2020 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)