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Numerical simulations aid the investigation of the reaction of a one dimensional radiative gas dynamic shock wave with a solar dust nebulae cloud. The numerical simulations involve the calculation of energy and momentum transfer to the shock-heated gas during gas penetration into the dust cloud. Grain heating caused by molecular interactions and rays from shocked gas are also obtained. The dust cloud is constituted by silicate grains of 1 millimeter radius.

Studies of a chondrule obtained from the Allende meteorite contain an unmelted precursor grain that may be a Ca, Al-rich inclusion. The grain is MgAl2O4 and includes many refractory silicates and measures 200-mu M. The evidence points to chondrule formation in the nebula by collision and retention as nebular dust.