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The objective of this work is to analyze through documentary and archaeological sources the shipwrecks of the Iberian tradition in the Bay of Cadiz. It supposes the evidence of the commercial redistribution activities between Europe and America that took place in that area of the south of Spain during modern times, in the course of the Carrera de Indias, where ships of Iberian–Atlantic construction played a key role in allowing transoceanic navigation. Nowadays, these historic shipwrecks are part of the Underwater Archaeological Heritage of Andalusia. Its analysis and systematization are the two objectives of the Underwater Archaeology Centre (CAS) of the Institute of Historical Heritage of Andalusia (IAPH), created in 1997 to investigate the Underwater Archaeological and Maritime Cultural Heritage of the Andalusian autonomous community. The research and protection of this heritage has led to the location and scientific study of the two shipwrecks of the Modern Age and Iberian–Atlantic tradition described throughout these pages.

Partiendo de la descripción del medio físico, realizaremos una aproximación al Patrimonio Cultural Subacuático (PAS) del entorno de San Fernando, abarcando los tres frentes que rodean la antigua isla: a) el caño de Sancti Petri, con el mayor número de hallazgos de época antigua y donde se presume la existencia de importantes yacimientos b) la recta playa abierta al Océano, que conserva en sus aguas importantes pecios que superaron batallas pero que fueron vencidos por temporales, y c) la Bahía interior, que atesora las huellas de la continuada ocupación y tránsito. Haremos un recorrido rápido por los principales yacimientos arqueológicos de la zona, incluidos en la Carta Arqueológica Subacuática, así como por las intervenciones que han permitido su localización y documentación, con una parada detenida en la historiografía de Sancti Petri. La sistematización de la documentación volcada en el artículo permitirá evidenciar el intenso devenir histórico del área de estudio y su extraordinario legado arqueológico. Starting from the description of the physical environment, we will make an approach to the underwater cultural heritage of the San Fernando environment, covering the three fronts that surround the old island: the straight beach open to the Ocean, which preserves in its waters important wrecks that overcame naval battles but not temporary, the Sancti Petri stream with the largest number of finds from ancient times but also with endless hypotheses, and the Inner Bay, which treasures the traces of the continued occupation. We intend a quick tour of the main archaeological sites included in the Underwater Archaeological Charter, as well as the interventions that have allowed their location and documentation, with a stop at the historiography of Sancti Petri.

El patrimonio arqueológico subacuático es un patrimonio frágil y amenazado, no sólo por actividades ilícitas sino también por actividades legítimas. Para luchar contra estas amenazas, desde la Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía, se planteó un proyecto encaminado a protegerlo legalmente, a través de las figuras recogidas en la Ley. Los efectos de este procedimiento en la obra de construcción. Abstract: Underwater archaeological heritage is fragile and threatened by both licit and illicit activities. To combat these threats the Andalusian regional government’s Department of Culture devised a project was proposed to protect it legally, through the figures included in the Law. The effects of this procedure on the construction of a new container terminal for the port of Cádiz have resulted in the location of three wrecks.

El pecio Cádiz-Delta II: la "San Giorgio", nave mercante genovesa hundida por Francis Drake en 1587. La construcción de la nueva terminal de contenedores del Puerto de Cádiz ha deparado el hallazgo de tres pecios. Los estudios de las fuentes documentales llevados a cabo sobre el naufragio conocido como Delta II, junto con la información aportada por la artillería que transportaba y el variado cargamento conservado, ha posibilitado tanto la identificación de los restos -como pertenecientes a la nave mercante genovesa San Giorgio y San Telmo, hundida por Francis Drake durante el ataque que llevó a cabo en la Bahía de Cádiz en el año 1587-, como su contribución en la formación de la Gran Armada que estaba organizando Felipe II en la ciudad de Lisboa. ABSTRACT: Construction work on the new container terminal at the Port of Cadiz as uncovered three shipwrecks. The documentary investigation carried out on the wreck known as Delta II, together with information derived from the artillery it was carrying and the various cargo that has survived, have made it possible to identify the remains as belonging to the Genoese merchant vessel San Giorgio e Sant´Elmo, sunk by Francis Drake during his attack on the Bay of Cadiz in the Spring of 1587. The ship has also been identified as one of those used to transport artillery for the Spanish Armada, which was then being formed by Philip II in Lisbon to attack England. RIASSUNTO: Il relitto Cadice-Delta II: la "San Giorgio", veliero mercantile genovese affondato da Francis Drake nel 1587. I lavori per la costruzione del nuevo terminal container nel Porto di Cadice hanno portato alla scoperta di tre relitti. La ricerca documentale condotta su quello di essi denominato Delta II, congiuntamente alle informazioni tratte dai pezzi d´artiglieria rinvenuti e alle diverse merci del carico conservate, hanno permesso l´identificazione dei resti come quelli del veliero mercantile genovese San Giorgio e Sant´Elmo, affondato da Francis Drake durante la sua incursione contro il porto di Cadice nella primavera del 1587. Si è anche capito che la nave staa allora trasportando armamenti per la flotta spagnola che, su ordine di Filippo II, si stava allora allestendo a Lisbona per attaccare l´Inghilterra.

Esta intervención se ha realizado durante los trabajos de dragado en Sancti Petri. La actividad ha consistido en el control del material extraído para su revisión y estudio. Queremos destacar en este artículo, la importancia de los controles arqueológicos en toda la zona de la Bahía de Cádiz y la necesidad de realizar prospecciones previas submarinas a este tipo de obras de dragado. Abstract: This intervention has been accomplished during the projects of dredged in Sancti Petri. The activity it has consisted of the control of the material extracted for his review and study. We want to emphasize in this article, the importance of the controls in all the zone of the Bay of Cadiz and the need of accomplishing previous submarine explorations to this type of works of dredged.

Los trabajos de arqueología subacuática tienen como funciones principales el inventario, protección, conservación, estudio y difusión del patrimonio arqueológico sumergido. A continuación se describen los trabajos realizados en el área de Puntales, en Cádiz, una zona con un intenso tráfico comercial en la antigüedad. Abstract: The works of underwarter archaeology have as a main functions the inventory, protection, conservation, studying and diffusion of the underwater archaeological heritage . The folloging pages describe the works maked in Puntales´s area, Cádiz coast, an intense commercial trafic zone in antiquity.