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Purpose: In recent years, natural dyes have attracted significant attention globally because of growing public awareness of the environment and health hazards associated with synthetic dyes. Natural dyes can provide special aesthetic qualities as well as the ethical significance of a product which is environmentally friendly. By keeping this burning issue in mind, this study aims to explore the dyeing properties of various unexplored environmentally friendly natural dyes. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the aqueous extract of coconut leaves is used for dyeing purpose. The silk and jute fabrics were dyed with the extract alone as well as in combination with metal salts as mordants by employing pre-, meta- and postmordanting techniques. The dyeing properties of the colored samples were evaluated by measuring their color strength; CIEL*a*b* values; and color fastness to washing, light and rubbing. Findings: A yellow shade was achieved when the fabric samples were dyed solely with the extract. However, shade variations were observed when different mordants and mordanting techniques were applied. In all the cases, metallic salts improved the color fastness properties of dyed samples to washing, light and rubbing especially for the silk fabric. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on a natural dye extracted from the leaves of coconut. Leaf as the source of dye has added an extra advantage, as it is reproducible and can be collected easily without harming the plants. The reported dye could be an attractive choice for sustainable and eco-friendly dyeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to check the effectivity of plasma in the natural dyeing of polyester fabric using four natural dyes – Turkey red, Lac, Turmeric and Catechu using plasma and alum mordant. The surface modification on the polyester fabric by plasma along with the use of benign mordant alum is studied. The enhancement of dyeability in polyester fabric with natural dyes is the main focus. Due to surface modification, the wettability increases, which leads to better dye uptake. Better dye uptake and better dye adherence are the main objectives. Design/methodology/approach: Plasma-mediated natural dyeing is the main design of this research work. The effect of plasma treatment on surface modification of synthetic fabric polyester and its subsequent effects on their dyeing with different natural dyes, namely, Turkey red, Lac, Turmeric and Catechu are studied. The dyeability was further enhanced by the use of alum as mordant. The main focus is on the betterment of natural dyeing of polyester fabric using sustainable natural dyes resources for dyeing and to reduce wastewater contamination from the usage of toxic additive chemicals for cleaner production. Findings: Plasma-mediated and alum-mordanted dyeing method facilitated very good dyeability of all the four natural dyes, namely, Turkey red, Lac, Turmeric and Catechu. Color strength (K/S) values and fastness properties of plasma-treated samples were far better than untreated samples. The synergistic effect of plasma and alum mordanting has made natural dyeing of polyester very easy with very good fastness results. Natural dyeing of polyester after 2 min of plasma treatment showed excellent and desirable results. The process is also easy to be adapted by industries. Research limitations/implications: As polyester is hydrophobic, natural dyeing of polyester fabric is not very easy, but with plasma-mediated natural dyeing, it becomes a very facile dyeing method; thus, there are no limitations. Use of plasma has reduced the need for any chemical additives which are usually added during the dyeing process. Practical implications: This process of natural dyeing of polyester fabric can be scaled up to industrial dyeing with natural dyes. Plasma pretreatment of the fabric followed by premordanting with alum has facilitated the natural dyeing well. Social implications: Use of plasma in place of chemical modifiers can be a green and environmentally friendly approach for sustainable coloration of polyester fabric, providing a clean wet processing for textiles dyeing. Originality/value: The synergistic effect of plasma-mediated and alum-mordanted natural dyeing of polyester has not been attempted by any researcher. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is for the first time that pretreatment with atmospheric plasma followed by alum mordanting of polyester fabric has shown very good dye uptake and fastness properties as the dye molecules could penetrate well after 2 min of the plasma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dyes offer a bio-based opportunity to support the attractive coloration of textile fabrics made from natural fibers like cotton, wool, hemp, and many other textile materials. They can be part of a strategy to realize fully bio-based textiles and clothing materials. In line with this statement, the following study investigates the use of wood extracts for dyeing cotton fabrics. Specifically, extract powders of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum L.), brazilwood (Caesalpinia spp.), and quebracho wood (Schinopsis lorentzii) are used. The aim of the study is to evaluate which colorations can be obtained by the application of those wood extracts and what fastness properties are reached. For this, different modified process parameters and mordants are evaluated. The dyeing process is modified using different mordants based on iron and aluminum salts. These mordants are applied in pre-, meta-, or post-mordant procedures. The color and fastness properties of prepared textile samples are determined by spectroscopic measurements, color measurements, washing procedures, and a Xenotest for measuring the light fastness. Ultimately, it is shown that a broad range of colorations can be realized through different combinations of wood extracts and mordanting procedures. Notably, stronger color depths are reached with pre- and meta-mordanting compared to post-mordanting. Good wash fastness is obtained for some color shades. However, with post-mordanting, better wash fastness can be achieved. The light fastness of the realized samples is only moderate to low. In conclusion, it can be stated that dyes from wood extracts are excellent materials to dye natural fibers if they are combined with the right mordanting agent in pre- or meta-mordanting procedures. The present study is therefore a good proof-of-concept for the realization of fully bio-based colored textile materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-(3-aryl)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-1-one (enaminones) derivatives and the diazonium salt of para-chloroaniline were used to synthesize several novel disperse azo dyes with high yield and the use of an environmentally friendly approach. At 100 and 130 °C, we dyed polyester fabrics using the new synthesized disperse dyes. At various temperatures, the dyed fabrics' color intensity was assessed. The results we obtained showed that dyeing utilizing a high temperature method at 130 °C was enhanced than dyeing utilizing a low temperature method at 100 °C. Reusing dye baths once or twice was a way to achieve two goals at the same time. The first was obtaining a dyed product at no cost, and the second was a way to treat the wastewater of dyeing bath effluents and reuse it again. Good results were obtained for the fastness characteristics of polyester dyed with disperse dyes. When the disperse dyes were tested against certain types of microbes and cancer cells, they demonstrated good and encouraging findings for the potential to be used as antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing concern about the environmental effects of metal mordants and synthetic dyes is encouraging the use of bio-mordants and natural colorants. Cinnamon bark is a rich source of natural colorants such as cinnamaldehyde and tannins. The main purpose of this research was to study and compare the effect of bio-mordants versus metal mordants in terms of colorimetric parameters and color fastness properties of cinnamon bark on wool fibers. Accordingly, some bio-mordants, including date kernel, peppermint, banana peel, and artemisia, as well as some metal mordants like aluminum potassium sulphate and copper sulphate, were studied based on three conventional mordanting methods (pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting). The results indicated that the conjunction of metal mordants and polyphenolic bio-mordants with cinnamon colorants can create different hues and tones of brown. Also, the color produced by cinnamon in wool fibers has poor color fastness and low color strength. Overall, bio-mordants have presented good color properties, making the dyeing process eco-friendly and greener. Among the applied bio-mordants, peppermint has created the best color strength and color fastness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the extraction and dyeing properties of natural fabric dyes derived from brown seaweeds, namely Padina tetrastromatica, Sargassum tenerrimum, and Turbinaria ornata. Various solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water) and mordants (CH3 COOH, FeSO4, and NaHCO3) were used to extract the dyes and achieve different shades with excellent fastness properties. Phytochemical and FTIR analyses were performed to identify the phytochemicals responsible for dyeing. The dyed cotton fabrics exhibited a range of colors based on the mordants and solvents used. Fastness assessments revealed that aqueous and ethanol dye extracts exhibited superior properties compared to acetone and methanol extracts. The influence of mordants on cotton fibers' fastness properties was also evaluated. In addition to the above findings, this study makes a significant contribution to the field by exploring the bioactive potential of natural fabric dyes derived from brown seaweeds. The utilization of these abundant and low-cost seaweed sources for dye extraction provides a sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes, addressing environmental concerns associated with the textile industry. Furthermore, the comprehensive analysis of different solvents and mordants in obtaining various shades and excellent fastness properties enhances our understanding of the dyeing process and opens avenues for further research in the development of eco-friendly textile dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, silane and quaternary ammonium functional methacrylate monomers were synthesized and used to construct a copolymer using an emulsion polymerization technique to control the reaction rate. The copolymer was then designed using different ratios of silane and quaternary ammonium groups to investigate the relationship between the structure and properties. The presence of the ethoxy silane group in the copolymer series provided covalent bonding through the silanol group onto cotton fabric. The presence of cationic groups also helped to cover the fabric surface. After coating the cotton textile fabric, the resistance of the dye on the fabric surface to friction was assessed and tests were conducted on washing, rubbing, water, and light fastness. Finally, the textile surfaces were investigated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It was observed that the copolymer series showed >99% killing efficiency against S. aureus but had no effect on E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop motifs with the potential applications as drugs and dyes, a series of novel quinoline–pyrimidine monoazo hybrids have been synthesized via the Biginelli reaction followed by diazo coupling. Molecular docking study of the synthesized compounds was performed against Topoisomerase IV from E. coli K-12 and CYP51 from C. albicans. The ADMET properties of the synthesized compounds were also investigated in order to understand the efficacy of drug candidates. The compounds bearing naphthol and orcinol substitutions showed excellent antifungal and antibacterial properties. The α-naphthol derivative displayed the highest binding affinity score (8.46 against Topoisomerase IV and 7.50 against CYP51) and an acceptable drug score (0.53) in toxicological and pharmacokinetics studies. The orcinol derivative showed a very good docking score but a low drug score in the ADMET study. Additionally, the dye ability of the synthesized compounds was assessed by dyeing cotton and silk fabrics. The compound containing a paracetamol moiety displayed excellent performance in terms of color and rubbing fastness and is promising for use in the textile industry for dyeing clothes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel pyridine-bearing tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbohydrazide mono azo dyes was synthesized by combining the Gewald and azo dye approaches with basic catalytic optimization of the intermediate product. We investigated the in vitro activity of the synthesized compounds against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains and the dyeing potential was investigated by dyeing cotton, linen, cotton and silk fabrics using a fastness test. Benzo-fused phenol-substituted compound showed very good antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa (ZOI, 18 μg/mL) and B. subtilis (ZOI, 18.5 μg/mL), while showing good antibacterial potency on S. aureus (ZOI, 12.5 μg/mL). The SAR study also revealed that the presence of the nitro group in meta and para positions uplifted the antibacterial activity to the moderate stage in gram-negative bacterial strains. Additionally, assessing the dyeing performance by dry and wet rubbing fastness properties, compounds with α-naphthol, p-nitrophenol, and o-cresol fragments were observed as the most promising fabric dye candidates with excellent results referencing the grayscale and may lead to exploit in the textiles industry for dyeing clothes in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones were obtained with good yields by reacting dimethylformamide dimethylacetal with different methyl ketones. 3-oxo-3-phenyl-2-(2-phenylhydrazono)propanals disperse dyes were obtained via reacting of 3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones with phenyldiazonium chloride. The novel dyes were used in dyeing polyester fabrics through two different dyeing methods at temperatures of 100 and 130 °C. We found that the color strength when using the dyeing method at 130 °C was better than the dyeing method at 100 °C. The fastness properties of dyed fabrics with these new disperse dyes were studied and gave very good results (except for fastness to light, which gave moderate results). The new dyes were evaluated against some different types of bacteria and cancer, which showed excellent and promising results for the possibility of using these dyes as antibacterial and anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for environmentally friendly dyes, natural dye has become an attractive option replacing toxic synthetic dyes. Within the framework of this research, the natural dye of Chrozophora tinctoria L. was extracted using the microwave-assisted extraction method under different operating conditions. The influence of different factors influencing the extraction process (such as pH, extraction time, and microwave power) on the extraction efficiency was investigated by means of a multilevel three-factor design. The suggested model has a high coefficient of determination, indicating high predictability and good approximation. Optimal microwave extraction process conditions were obtained at a value of microwave power equal to 650 W, at a pH of 5 during a period of 3 min. Dyed wool and silk fabrics showed very good washing and light fastness properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explore the dyeing properties of the extract of sappan wood natural dye for coloration of wool yarn to find the potential use of natural dyed wool yarn in the development of eco-friendly textiles. Different characterizations were used to know the chemistry of sappan wood dye and its interaction with metal salts and wool. Interestingly, we found that metal salts, which are called as mordants in reference to unmordanted dyed sample, play an important role in fixing the dye molecule on wool as well as in creating different shades with a variety of hues and tones. The typical color of fabric dyed with extracts of sappan wood without mordant varies from yellowish to red. Light yellowish shades were obtained in case of aluminum sulfate-mordanted samples, whereas yellowish shades were obtained in case of ferrous sulfate mordant. Light colorfastness of the premordanted dyed samples was relatively better than that of the unmordanted dyed samples. The wash fastness of all samples mordanted as well as unmordanted shows color change fairly good to good level, whereas the color staining on wool and cotton was found to be negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of bisazo reactive dyes have been synthesized via efficient methodology. In this paper we report the synthesis of a series of reactive dyes by coupling of tetrazotized 3, 3'-dichloro benzidine with various 2-amino 5(4'-nitro phenyl) 1,3,4-thiadiazole cyanurated coupling component viz, H-acid, J-acid, N-methyl J-acid, N-phenyl J-acid, sulpho tobias acid, tobias acid, peri acid, S-acid, K-acid, N-benzoyl H-acid, sulfo C-acid, N-phenyl peri acid, laurent acid and Chicago acid dyeing performance of these dyes was evaluated on cotton, wool and silk fabric. The purity of dyes was checked by thin layer chromatography (TLC). All synthesized dyes were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectra, fastness properties and antimicrobial activity of these dyes were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims at studying the oxygen plasma treatment and the previously prepared and fully characterized chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) as a green and eco-friendly strategy for surface modification of viscose fabric. This was done to render viscose fabric dye able with two types of acid dyes that do not have direct affinity to fix on it via improving the fabric wettability. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the goal, viscose fabric was activated with oxygen plasma at optimum conditions and coated with different concentrations of CNPs solution via conventional pad dry cure technique. The untreated and plasma-treated fabrics with CNPs were dyed with two types of acid dyes, namely, Acid Orange 7 and Methyl Red under determined conditions. The color strength (K/S), fastness properties to light, rubbing and perspiration, add on %, tensile strength, wettability and durability of the dyed samples were determined and compared. Findings: The results divulged that oxygen plasma-treated fabric with CNPs and the aforementioned dyes in question could improve the flowing properties in comparison with untreated fabric: (a) the fabric wettability expressed as wetting area mm2; (b) the dye ability and fastness properties of viscose fabrics expressed as K/S and fastness properties; and (c) the strength properties and add on % of the treated fabric. On the other hand, the durability of the plasma-treated fabric decreased with increasing washing cycles. Originality/value: The novelty addressed here was using plasma treatment as an eco-friendly pre-treatment approach for attachment of CNPs as a multifunctional green bio-nano polymer onto viscose fabric, which improved the dyeing properties of the fabric with acid dyes that do not have direct affinity to fix onto it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimated 20 % of global clean water pollution is attributed to textile production. Dyeing and finishing processes use an extensive amount of water and chemicals, and most of the effluents and wastewater is released into the environment. In this study, we explore spin-dyeing of man-made cellulosic fibres (MMCFs) with vat dyes using the Ioncell process, circumventing the ubiquitous use of fresh water and potentially reducing effluents streams to a great extent. Spin-dyeing is an established process for synthetic polymers but is not common for MMCFs. Regenerated cellulose fibres were produced through dissolution of dissolving pulp in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene acetate. The produced fibres were processed into yarn and a jersey fabric was knitted. Mechanical and colour fastness properties were tested. The fibres properties were also assessed through SEM, birefringence, and crystallinity measurements. Fibres with excellent mechanical properties (tenacity higher than 50 cN/tex) and colour fastness were produced, with most samples receiving the highest or next highest performance grade. The spun-dyed fibres also hold great potential to be recycled themselves without colour change or loss in colour intensity. Textiles with colours produced in large quantities such as black or navy blue could be the first market entry point. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Four thiophene-based disperse azo dyes. • PG12 shows red-shifted absorption i.e. 512. • All the dyes show excellent % exhaustion. • Very good to excellent sublimation fastness. • Excellent UV-A, UV-B, and UPF rating. The design, synthesis, and use of four new thiophene-based dispersed azo dyes with salicylic and carboxylic acid acceptors are shown in this work. The produced dyes exhibit a wide range of light absorption characteristics, including near UV–visible, and deep red wavelengths. PG9 and PG12, which are thiophene disperse azo dyes with carboxylic acid acceptor, showed red-shifted absorption, but PG10 and PG11, which are azo dyes with salicylic acid, showed blue-shifted absorption. The synthesized dyes exhibited good photostability in solvents. The experimental results are supported by theoretical results from Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT). Furthermore, the dyes exhibit outstanding dyeability with percentage exhaustion characteristics of 90% when applied to acrylic, nylon, and polyester fabrics. Rich shades ranging from deep orange to black are seen in the dyed fabrics. Salicylic acid acceptor-dyed materials have higher K/S values when applied to nylon-dyed fabrics, while acrylic and polyester-dyed fabrics respond better to carboxylic acid acceptor dyes. The fabrics that have been colored display exceptional light, wash, and rubbing fastness. In light and wash fastness, polyester-dyed fabrics performed better than acrylic and nylon-dyed fabrics. Studies on UV protection show that fabrics with high UPF ratings can block damaging UV-A and UV-B radiation efficiently. All synthetic dyes have their antibacterial activity assessed using the AATCC 100 test method, which is associated with the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovation anticipated here is the use of our previously prepared chitosan nanoparticles in conjunction with citric acid and sodium hypophosphite for rendering viscose fabrics dyed and finished concurrently in one step with dual classes of dyes, namely basic and acid dyes, using a pad-dry-cure process. This was done to see the effect of the aforementioned eco-friendly finishing formulation on creating dual anchoring sites onto finished fabrics for dye-ability using Basic Red 2 and Acid Orange 7, which have no direct affinity to viscose fabric. So, different concentrations of CA, CNPs, and dyes were mixed into a viscose fabric cross-linking formulation together with a set concentration of SHP (50% based on weight of CA concentration) and cured at 170°C for 2 minutes. Citric acid is predicted to react with the hydroxyl groups in viscose and CNPs to produce ester crosslinking and/or to form an inter-ionic attraction with the amino groups of CNPs. The latter was responsible for viscose fabrics dye ability with Basic Red 2 by anchoring the free carboxyl groups in citric acid, as well as their dye ability with Acid Orange 7 by anchoring the residual amine groups in CNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difference is significant only in the case of the untreated silk fabrics when compared with that of PAA- and CTN-treated and dyed silk fabrics; since the silk fabric is influenced by these treatments in the respective aspects. It is noticed from this table that the antiodor retention rate effect is considerably good in the treated (PAA and CTN) and dyed silk fabrics particularly on the CTN- treated fabrics compared with those of other (PAA and without treatment) silk fabrics. The PAA- and CTN-treated and dyed silk fabrics absorb the drops in lesser time compared to the without treatment silk fabric; similar to this trend the water retention behavior and the wicking height, respectively, are increased in silk fabrics. Keywords: Tensile strength; dyeability; fastness properties; absorbency; air permeability; antiodor; ; ; ; ; ; EN Tensile strength dyeability fastness properties absorbency air permeability antiodor ZH 8637 8651 15 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Silk is the prominent protein fiber, which has been considered for the special characteristics of durability, softness, luster, and surface smoothness. [Extracted from the article]

Color strengths of silk and wool fabrics dyed with Acid Red 138 dye before and after microwave treatment. Keywords: Acid red 138 dye; fastness properties; microwave radiations; silk & wool; sustainability; 138 ; ; ; ; EN Acid red 138 dye fastness properties microwave radiations silk & wool sustainability ZH 138 8181 8190 10 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Synthetic dyes are being used in every walk of life where, with the advancements in processing and applications, their use has been spread from clothes to paper, from wood to food, and from food to textiles etc. (Adeel et al. [4]). Overall, this dye has again shown an excellent affinity toward silk fabric at 65 SP o sp C as compared to the wool fabric after exposure to microwave treatment for 1 min. The results given inFigure 1Figure 2 show that for silk fabric (RSF) the irradiated dye bath of 4 pH (RE) for 1 min has given good results onto un-irradiated silk fabric (NRSF). [Extracted from the article]

Anthrone and benzothiazole based disperse azo dyes (5a–5e) are synthesized and well characterized. These dyes are further applied to nylon, polyester, and acrylic fabrics. Fastness properties, including light, wash, and rub for dyed fabrics, were studied and found to be better for polyester and nylon than the acrylic substrate. Better sublimation fastness was obtained on polyester than nylon at 210 °C. The "ultraviolet protection factor (UPF)" of all dyed fabrics was detected to block ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the range of 93 to 97 percent. Nylon and acrylic dyed fabric were excellent, while polyester showed good ultraviolet protection activity. All the dyes are effective towards "(S. aureus) gram +ve" and "(K. pneumoniae) gram −ve" bacteria. The textile dyed with the dye obtained from the diazotized 2‐amino‐6‐methyl‐benzothiazole and anthrone (5b) was found to have ≥99 % potent inhibition. The HOMO‐LUMO energy gap and other quantum chemical descriptors such as softness, hardness, and electrophilicity index are obtained from the "density functional theory (DFT)" computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arni, one of the major silk handloom weaving clusters of India, adopted a very primitive way of dyeing using open pan/vessels with direct heating that is invariably carried out without using any exhaustive agent as recommended in scientific way of dyeing the silk yarn. In order to educate the dyers about the quality characteristics of the dyed yarn material, dyeing trials of fully degummed tram silk were taken by using crimson, acid class of dye (CI 262085) with three exhaustive agents, viz., Glauber's salt (sodium sulfate), sodium chloride, and unilevelon, a chemical preferred by certain dyer, and compared with the existing primitive way of dyeing method. The statistical analysis of the quality characteristics revealed that the color fastness to wash and rub, tenacity and elongation, and unlevelness index have significantly improved while the color fastness to light and color absorption in terms of CIE L*a*b* values have not shown any significant difference. The unilevelon has performed significantly better in terms of unlevelness index when compared to other/exhaustive agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two groups of laterally substituted non-mesomorphic and liquid crystalline materials bearing monoazo group were prepared and investigated via experimental and theoretical techniques. The molecular structures of the designed dyes were evaluated by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic analyses. Mesomorphic examinations for all synthesized dyes were investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results revealed that, the thermal and optical properties of investigated compounds are mainly dependent on their molecular geometry. The optimized geometries of the azo derivatives and their electronic absorption of the dyes were carried out using the B3LYP/6-311G level of the DFT method. The azo dyes were measured for their dyeing performance on polyester fabrics. The dyed fabrics have excellent fastness properties with a color strength of 1.49–3.43 and an exhaustion rate of 82–64%. The chemical descriptor parameters of disperse azo dyes in gas phase were calculated and correlated with dyeing parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main topic of this study is Green and environmentally wool dyeing. For this purpose, yellow and black myrobalan extract as green mordants and madder and resedaluteola as natural dyes were used. The FTIR-ATR spectra of the washed wool yarns, mordanted wool yarns and dyed wool yarns confirmed bonding of wool yarns with the green mordant and dyes through comparing chemical structures. The effective linkage between yarn, mordant and dye molecules removes the C-N peaks in FTIR-ATR spectra. After dyeing process, fastness and dyeing properties of dyed wool yarns were investigated. The K/S values of dyed wool yarns with extracted madder and resedaluteola were quantified values; and fastness properties including light, wash, and rubbing fastness were defined as per ISO standard methods. The research pointed out that the myrobalan extraction as a potential route for the development of eco-friendly dyeing in green production of dyed yarns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Novel series of bis azo dyes 3–10 were synthesized via a two-step process. • The disperse azo were synthesized and characterized by UV–visible, FT-IR and NMR. • The electronic absorption properties were investigated experimentally and computationally. • Significantly improved fastness properties of the new disperse dyes for the PET fabrics were observed. • The color strengths (K/S) and CIE Lab* color space indicate high efficiency of disperse dyes on polyester fiber. In this study, a novel series of bis-azo dyes 3–10 were synthesized via a two-step process. Initially, benzene-1,4-bis(diazonium) chloride was reacted with several active methylene compounds, such as ethyl acetoacetate, acetyl acetone, ethyl cyanoacetate, and malononitrile. yielding the corresponding bis-azo dyes 3–6. Subsequently, these dyes were cyclized through condensation with phenylhydrazine, resulting in the formation of bis-pyrazole derivatives 7–10. Comprehensive spectroscopic characterization, employing techniques like infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, along with elemental analysis, elucidated the structural features, and electronic transitions of the synthesized dyes. The electronic absorption properties were investigated experimentally and computationally, revealing bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts influenced by substituents and tautomeric forms. The dyes showcased excellent dyeing performance on polyester fabrics, exhibiting notable color strength, perspiration fastness, light fastness, and wash fastness. Theoretical investigations of the electronic properties were conducted utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT) methodology, employing the B3LYP functional with the 6–31G(d,p) basis set, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the structure-performance relationships governing the dyeing behavior of these dyes on polyester. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was concerned with the extraction of natural colorant from kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) fruits and the application of the extracted dye on wool fibers in the presence and absence of various mordants. The effect of dyeing time and dye bath temperature were investigated. The effect of mordant type with different mordanting methods on dyeing quality was also examined. Four salt metals were used in this study; ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, alum, and copper sulfate. The effect of these mordants on color of dyed wool samples was investigated in terms of CIELab (L*, a*, b*) and K/S values. Light, washing, and rubbing fastness of dyed samples were evaluated according to ISO standards. The obtained shades for the control samples were brown; while the mordanted samples a wide range of light to dark brownish colors with a significant enhancement in color strength values. The results indicated that mordanting gave deep shades and enhanced fastness properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six monoazo dyes derived from arylamines substituted with bromine, chlorine and nitro groups were synthesized via diazocoupling method and studied. Their functional groups were confirmed by an infra-red spectroscopy. Using solvents of different dielectric constants, the absorption spectra of these dyes showed positive solvatochromism with increasing solvent polarity. They also showed positive halochromism. The molar extinction coefficient of these dyes showed that they were all suitable for textile applications. More so, fastness tests revealed that all the dyes synthesized had better fastness properties on cotton fabric than on nyon 6,6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra high molecular weight fibre cannot be dyed using conventional dyeing techniques as they are extremely hydrophobic and do not possess any polar groups. Wet etching of the surface was used as the pre-treatment process to improve the dyeability of the Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) knitted fabric using potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid as etchants. The surface modified fabric was dyed at 130°C using High Temperature (HT) dyeing technique with disperse dye and evaluated in terms of Colour Strength (K/S), washing fastness, rubbing fastness, and tenacity. It has been observed that wet etching improved the colour strength substantially with an overall good fastness to washing and rubbing but the tenacity decreased with an increase in etching time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mugla Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Mugla Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose - This work aims to increase the dyeability of nylon 6 with basic dyeing through the treatment of the fibre with available and cheap nanomaterials, namely; nano bentonite using an economic and simple method. Design/methodology/approach - Different amounts of nano clay, namely, nano bentonite were dispersed in distilled water using an ultrasonic homogenizer for 1 h. Nylon fabrics were treated with different concentrations of dispersed nano bentonite (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%wt/v). After half an hour, the samples were padded using SVETEMA laboratory padding system. The padding pressure was adjusted at 3 bar to allow a pickup of 100%. The padded samples were dried at 80°C for 5 min and cured at 160°C for 3 min using ROACHES laboratory thermos-fixation. The cured samples were then washed with running water and left to dry at room temperature. Findings - The obtained results indicated that the modification of polyamide 6 fibres with nano bentonite had a great impact on their dyeing properties. The obtained shades, absorption behaviour and fastness properties were significantly enhanced. Based on these results, it was concluded that polyamide fabrics could be successfully dyed with basic dyes using economical dyeing conditions. Originality/value - This paper introduces a new method the loaded the nano-clay on the synthetic fibres, which are nylon 6 to enhance the dyeability with cationic dyes using the physical method without changing the structure of the fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the dyeing properties of a natural dye, extracted from the leaves of mimusops elengi Linn, on cotton and silk fabric were examined. Leaves are always an attractive choice as a raw material for natural dyes since they are readily available and reproducible compare to other parts of the plant without damaging the trees. The dye component in leaves of mimusops elengi is easily extractable by aqueous extraction process and the amount of achievable crude dye is exceptionally good. The dye extracts itself as well as mixing with various mordant including a natural one were applied to the fabrics by using pre-, simultaneous- and post-mordanting techniques. Impressive results were found for the color strength and fastness properties of dyed fabrics. Various shades and excellent color fastness of dyed samples were observed. Therefore, the eco-friendly natural dye extracted from the leaves of mimusops elengi can be an attractive choice for dying the cotton and silk fabrics with various elegant shades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silk being one of the organic natural fibers, is susceptible to microorganisms attack thus leading to loss of physical aesthetic and mechanical properties. The present study was focused on optimizing the dyeing process parameters (Extract concentration and dyeing temperature) of dyestuff extracts from the Galinsoga Parviflora plant and analyzing the antibacterial activity of the dyed silk fabric. The Pad-dry method was used for the application of herbal dye extract onto selected silk fabric and the AATCC 100:2019 test method was used in assessing the treated fabric quantitatively against Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa bacterial strains. Dyeing conditions obtained using Central Composite Design (CCD) indicated that dye concentration and temperature of 39.14 percent and 700C respectively could be deemed as optimum. Also, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results showed that extract concentration has a statistically significant effect on bacterial count whereas the effect of temperature was not so much influential. Silk fabric dyed with optimized values demonstrated a 99.33% and 99.15% reduction in the bacterial count against Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa bacterial strains respectively. Also, its fastness properties to light, washing, and Rubbing ranged from very good to excellent (4-5 to 5). Thus, in general, this research confirmed that Galinsoga Parviflora plant leaves, abundantly available in most parts of Uganda can be used as an antibacterial finish on silk fabric for improved bacterial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Roxb.) Wight and Arn. (family: Combretaceae) is a large evergreen cardioactive plant drug available throughout India. The bark of T. arjuna is medicinally used as a tonic and is chemically characterized by the presence of tannins and related compounds with 20.0–24.0% tannin content. This research study investigates the use of barks of T. arjuna for the extraction of color components to develop natural and beautiful shades on wool with different hues and tones using binary and ternary metal salt combinations (aluminum potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and stannous chloride). The dyeing was carried by exhaustion method and dyed samples were analyzed using a reflective spectrophotometer in terms of CIELAB (L*, a*, and b*) and color strength (K/S) values. Wash and light fastnesses were investigated according to (International Organization for Standardization)ISO standards. pH has marked effect on the K/S values of dyed woolen yarn. The results showed that overall 54 different shades having good to very good fastness properties were produced by control dyeing (un-mordanted) and the use of different metallic salt combinations in dyeing of wool using T. arjuna bark extract as a source of natural dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scientific study on natural dyeing of silk using an environment-friendly mordant (potash alum) has been undertaken to standardize extraction procedure, mordant concentration, and dyeing conditions for Tesu flower petals. Degummed and potash alum pre-mordanted silk fabric has been dyed using aqueous extract of Tesu (Butea monosperma). The effect of varying conditions of extraction and dyeing process variables on the surface color strength and color-related parameters apart from different color fastness properties of the dyed fabric have been standardized. The optimized conditions for dyeing pre-mordanted silk with aqueous extract of Tesu flower petals is 40% dye concentration, material to liquor ratio (MLR) 1:20, pH 4, time 60 min, temperature 60°C, and salt concentration 10 gpl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to propose an alternative use of Adhatoda vasica leaves extract as a potential source of natural dye for the coloration of woolen yarn/fibers. Premordanting technique was adopted with double metal salt combinations of ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, and potassium aluminum sulfate and double biomordant combinations of gallnut, pomegranate, and babool, to achieve dyed textile materials of acceptable colorimetric and fastness properties. Sixty-three sober and elegant shades were developed on wool by varying the nature and the concentration of mordants involved in the combinations. The hue of color developed was found to be in yellow-red coordinate of color space diagram. All the dyed samples presented excellent color strength (K/S) values and highest values were found in case of gallnut + pomegranate peel extract (PPE) combination. Biomordants produced altogether different behavior in comparison to metal mordants in the development of ecofriendly shades of different hue and tune. Majority of the dyed samples showed excellent fastness properties with respect to light, washing, and rubbing which confirmed the possibility of using A. vasica leaves extract as an effective yellow natural dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose In nature, thousands of different colours and shades exist. Basic set of dyes, namely, yellow, red, blue and green are necessary for a complete colour gamut. Creating a complete gamut with natural dyes with one common extraction and application procedure is not exploited hitherto. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach In this study, an attempt was made to create a complete colour gamut with easily available natural dyes with one common extraction and application procedure.Findings Silk fabrics were dyed using various natural dyes alone and in combination to yield various shades, namely, yellow, red, green, blue. Pre-mordanting of silk fabrics was carried out with mordants, namely, alum, ferrous sulphate, copper sulphate, stannous chloride, potassium dichromate followed by dyeing. The fastness properties and colour strength values of all the shades obtained were determined.Originality/value Creating a complete gamut with natural dyes with one common extraction and application procedure is not exploited hitherto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to extract natural colorant from walnut bark and to explore its dyeing potential on wool fiber. The effect of potassium aluminum sulfate mordant concentration on dyeability, color characteristics, and fastness properties has been studied using CIEL*a*b* system. Twenty-seven shades were developed for their color characterizations and fastness properties using pre-mordanting technique. The results from the dyeing showed that potassium aluminum sulfate mordanted as well as unmordanted dyed samples exhibit satisfactory color and fastness properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the focus on the development of environment-friendly and hygienic textiles, a novel and sustainable approach was adopted to functionalize acid dye for cotton dyeing to develop durable antibacterial and ultraviolet protective fabric. Functionalization of commercial acid dye was carried out by incorporation of triazine reactive system and antibacterial agent (chloroxylenol) into dye structure. The modified bioactive reactive dye was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The exhaust dyeing approach was used for the application of dye on cotton. Antibacterial efficacy of modified dye powder and dyed fabric against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively following standard testing protocols. Fastness properties, levelness of dye, colorimetric data (L*, C* a*, b*, H*), and color strength (K/S) of dyed cotton fabric were also assessed. The dye exhibited remarkable antibacterial potential with 99.9% bacterial growth reduction with nearly the same results after 20 industrial laundering cycles. Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) of dyed unwashed and washed fabric, measured according to standard AATCC-183, was >100. The dyed fabric showed good durability to light, washing, and rubbing fastness. The excellent antibacterial potential and remarkable durability to washing is due to the incorporation of chloroxylenol and triazine reactive system in acid dye structure. Thus, the development of such functional reactive dyes with durable antibacterial activity will be fruitful in the future in terms of sustainability for desired applications. Moreover, all commercially available acid dyes can be made reactive for functional dyeing of cotton by adopting this route. [Display omitted] • Modification of acid dye to render it antibacterial reactive dye. • Establishment of modification method through structure characterization. • Application synthesized reactive on cotton fabric and study of its attributes. • Study the functional properties of dyed fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an eco-friendly method for wool fabrics to improve printing characteristics without thermal fixation via a UV/ozone pre-treatment. Such treatment causes surface morphological changes and oxidizes wool fabric surfaces. In this study, the changes in surface composition and chemistry induced by this treatment were followed by measuring changes in electron spin resonance (ESR) intensity values and mechanical properties, including tensile strength, elongation percentage and air permeability of the treated wool fabric samples. The pre-treated fabrics were printed and their colour strength (K/S) values with all colour parameters were measured. Fastness properties, such as colour fastness to light, washing and perspiration, were evaluated. Printability of the pre-treated fabrics was compared with that of the printed fabrics by conventional methods. The results showed that the UV/ozone treatment improved printing fixation of dye without energy consumption which is required by conventional methods. The UV/ozone treatment imparts highly printed shades of woolen fabrics at reduced energy with excellent fastness properties of the pre-treated printed fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a by-product of the olive oil extraction process. Around 30millionm3 of OMW are produced annually in the Mediterranean area, causing environmental concern. In spite of being a serious ecological problem, OMW can represent a possible resource for the dyeing of textile materials. It contains a valuable source of abundant natural colouring substances. The present study reports the valorization of OMW by its use as a possible dyebath for dyeing wool. It was found that protein fibers possess high affinity to the aqueous extract of OMW giving darker shades with generally good fastnesses. The effect of dyebath pH, dyebath temperature, dyeing time and salt addition on the dyeability of wool were investigated. The effect of mordant type with different mordanting methods on dyeing quality was also studied. The results showed that mordanting gave deeper shades and enhanced fastness properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A series of bis azo disperse dyes were synthesized starting from benzidine and four couplers contain active methylene group, namely; thiobarbituric acid, barbituric acid, dimedone and thiohydantoin, to give 3 a-c and 4 , respectively. The dye products were identified by UV–visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The electronic absorptions of the synthesized dyes indicated that the λ max are slightly dependent on the coupler moieties and quite sensitive to pH change. Dyeing of polyester yarn(PE-Y) was done in DMF, whereas, polyester fabric (PE-F) was dyed in water using dispersing agent DYEWELL-002. Fastness properties of bis azo dyes 3a-c and 4 on PE-F are better than those of PE-Y. The summation of color strength (K/Ssum) values of PE-F followed the order 3c > 4 > 3a > 3b. The DFT method was used to calculate the chemical descriptor parameters of the protonated form of bis azo dyes 3a-c and 4 , using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level for investigation of dyeing efficiencies as well as to predict the mechanism of dyeing process. The computed results point out that dye 3a has the highest dyeing strength based on E HOMO , E LUMO , ΔE, η and S parameters while dye 4 is the highest depending on χ and μ eV parameters. The correlation results of the computed parameter with color strength (K/S) and Exhaustion (%E) in case of PE-Y indicated that they depend mainly on the effect of electronegativity χ with correlation coefficient 0.993 and 0.877, respectively. In a similar way, the PE-F exhibits very good effect of color strength with dipole moment (R2 = 0.899). The protonated dyes 3a-c and 4 can adsorbed on the PE surface either by hydrogen bond or/and electrostatic attraction. [Display omitted] • A series of bisazo dyes were synthesized as a disperse dyes. • The electronic absorptions of the synthesized dyes slightly dependent on the coupler moieties and quite sensitive to pH change. • The fastness properties of the new disperse dyes for the polyester fabrics were Significantly improved. • The mechanism of dyeing polyester fiber with bisazo dyes was discussed. • The computational results of absorptions of bisazo disperse dyes are compared with the experimental ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]