9 results on '"Jeram, Sanjay"'
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2. The two solitudes of Canadian nativism: Explaining the absence of a competitive anti‐immigration party in Canada.
- Author
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Gordon, Joshua, Jeram, Sanjay, and Linden, Clifton
- Subjects
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NATIVISM , *SOLITUDE , *CITIES & towns , *NEW right (Politics) , *NATIONALISM - Abstract
Canada has been celebrated in popular and academic work for its relative immunity to nativist populism. No competitive nativist party has recently emerged in federal politics that challenges the mainstream consensus around mass immigration, unlike virtually every other postindustrial democracy. This paper argues that existing explanations for this "exceptionalism" are lacking. In particular, they fail to appreciate the importance of Quebec nationalism in contributing to this outcome. Quebec nationalism fractured the stronger anti‐immigration sentiment found in rural and smaller urban areas in both Quebec and Anglophone Canada and thereby prevented right‐wing parties from mobilising that sentiment in a way that could feasibly win elections. This forced such parties to moderate their message and court "ethnic voters" in suburban ridings around Toronto and Vancouver. We illustrate this argument using novel data which permit a comparison of the Canadian experience with nativist politics in Australia and New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Despite the crisis: The resilience of intercultural nationalism in Catalonia.
- Author
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Conversi, Daniele and Jeram, Sanjay
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NATIONALISM , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *XENOPHOBIA , *GREAT Recession, 2008-2013 - Abstract
Interculturalism provides the core framework for immigration-related policies in Catalonia, while remaining deeply intertwined with Catalan nationalism. We first identify 'intercultural nationalism' as the core doctrine through which Catalan nationalist discourse has been articulated in relation to immigration. We trace interculturalism's origins to nationalism in Quebec and argue that, in Catalonia also, regional immigration policies have been constructed in opposition to those of the central state, while attempting to involve immigrants closely in subnational belonging and social cohesion. Second, we investigate whether interculturalism is durable during economic and political crises, arguing that intercultural policies did not change following the economic recession of the 2010s. This harmonises with broader interpretations that de-emphasise the role of economic factors in ethnic conflicts. In conclusion we note how the continuing resilience of interculturalism in Catalan policies on immigration contrasts sharply with the rise of xenophobia elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Looking forward into the past: Partido Nacionalista Vasco and the immigrant question in the Basque Country.
- Author
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Jeram, Sanjay
- Subjects
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IMMIGRANTS , *ACCULTURATION , *HIGHER education - Abstract
This article examines the discursive and political response to immigrant-generated diversity byPartido Nacionalista Vasco(PNV) in the Basque Country of Spain. A much-ballyhooed fact about PNV is that its founder, Sabino Arana, articulated a racist nationalist doctrine in the late nineteenth century. Alarm bells were raised in the early 2000s when the Basque Country became a destination for foreign immigrants arriving in Spain from Latin America and North Africa: do foreign immigrants pose a threat to Basque national identity? The PNV's answer to this question has been a clear ‘no’. Rather than distance itself from its past, however, party elites legitimate the inclusive and compassionate attitude towards foreign immigrants through selective discovery of the Basque national narrative. While sceptics of ideational variables are quick to suggest that nationalist elites manipulate the past to serve current purposes, this article suggests that such an interpretation does not do justice to the subtle ways in which symbols, myths, and images of the past have shaped the worldviews of PNV elites in the realm of immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Friends or foes? Migrants and sub-state nationalists in Europe.
- Author
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Jeram, Sanjay, van der Zwet, Arno, and Wisthaler, Verena
- Subjects
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IMMIGRANTS , *ACCULTURATION , *NATIONALISTS , *HIGHER education - Abstract
How do sub-state nationalists respond to the growing presence of cultural diversity in their ‘homelands’ resulting from migration? Sub-state nationalists in Europe, in ‘nations without states’ such as Catalonia and Scotland, have been challenging the traditional nation-state model for many decades. While the arguments in favour of autonomy or independence levelled by these movements have become more complex, sub-state nationalist movements remain grounded by their perceived national community that is distinct from the majority nation. Migration to the ‘homeland’ of a sub-state nation, then, presents a conundrum for sub-state elites that we label the ‘legitimation paradox’: too much internal diversity may undermine the claim to cultural distinctiveness. We engage with three common intervening variables thought to influence how sub-state nationalists confront the ‘legitimation paradox’: civic/ethnic nationalism, degree of political autonomy, and party competition. Our overarching argument is that none of these factors have a unidirectional or determinate effect on the sub-state nationalism-immigration nexus, which is why the nuanced case studies that comprise this Special Issue are worthwhile endeavours. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Diversity and nationalism in the Basque Country and Flanders: understanding immigrants as fellow minorities.
- Author
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Jeram, Sanjay and Adam, Ilke
- Subjects
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MULTICULTURALISM , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *NATIONALISM , *IMMIGRANTS , *MINORITIES - Abstract
Why have immigrant integration policies in the Basque Country and Flanders been framed according to multicultural principles? This paper offers an addendum to rationalist and institutionalist approaches, arguing that we cannot make sense of multicultural policies in these two cases without considering the interplay between historical narratives that undergird the nation and elite decision-making. Narratives of cultural oppression have been essential for nationalist mobilization in the Basque Country and Flanders. In turn, the choice of multiculturalism over assimilation by sub-state elites made sense because it fits with their understanding of the nation as an oppressed group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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7. Sub-state Nationalism and Immigration in Spain: Diversity and Identity in Catalonia and the Basque Country.
- Author
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Jeram, Sanjay
- Subjects
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NATIONALISM , *SOCIAL integration , *IMMIGRANTS , *CULTURAL identity ,CATALONIA (Spain) politics & government ,SPANISH politics & government - Abstract
This article builds on recent attempts to explain why sub-state nationalist parties in West Europe and North America pursue varying discourses and policies in response to immigrant-generated diversity. It analyses the dynamics of immigrant integration in two comparable cases of sub-state nationalism: Catalonia and the Basque Country. In contrast to the hypothesis that sub-state nationalism and immigration are inherently antagonistic, nationalist parties in both cases have experimented with multiculturalism to make diversity a new marker of national identity. The recent assimilationist turn in Catalonia, however, demonstrates that regional electoral competition can sometimes complicate matters of identity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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8. Immigrants and the Basque nation: diversity as a new marker of identity.
- Author
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Jeram, Sanjay
- Subjects
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ETHNICITY & society , *IMMIGRANTS , *POLITICAL parties , *CITIZENSHIP , *ASSIMILATION of immigrants , *IMMIGRATION law , *IMMIGRANTS' rights , *ETHNIC identity of Basques , *TWENTY-first century , *SOCIAL history ,SPANISH politics & government - Abstract
Basque nationalism is singled out in the literature as a case of minority nationalism that faces an ongoing struggle between those in support of a liberal-inclusive definition of the nation and those favouring an exclusive-racialist one. Nevertheless, Basque nationalist parties have been welcoming of immigration and have legislated to create a regional citizenship based on residence rather than ethnicity. This article argues that, at least in part, the ‘positive’ response of Basque nationalists to the immigration wave that began in the early 2000s is an attempt to strengthen national solidarity by contrasting Basque values of openness and tolerance against the restrictive nature of the reforms to the immigration law in Spain that were initiated in 2000. This argument challenges the notion that sub-state nationalists are hostile to immigration because of the threat diversity poses to the nationalist project. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Historical Institutionalism and Nationalism: Beyond Path-Dependence.
- Author
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Jeram, Sanjay
- Subjects
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INSTITUTIONALISM (Religion) , *NATIONALISM , *CONFLICT management , *ETHNIC groups & politics ,QUEBECOIS politics & government - Abstract
Despite its prominence in comparative politics, historical institutionalism continues to be largely absent from the study of nationalism. Typically, when institutions are discussed in studies of nationalism they are described as instruments available for conflict management (O'Leary and McGarry 1994; Hechter 2000). The scholars that have recently brought the insights of historical institutionalism to the study of nationalism agree that institutions play a causal role in the construction and political mobilization of ethnic groups (Bertrand 2004; Lecours 2005). Once politicized, ethnic identities can have profound 'lock in' effects on a wide range of institutions such as the welfare state, party system, and constitution. The notion of path-dependency is employed to explain how institutions transform politics in a multinational state into nationalist politics, making institutional change in the opposite direction of the developmental pathway extremely difficult (Harty 2001). Change is, therefore, attributed to exogenous shocks or internal tensions that rupture institutions in a sudden and radical manner.These arguments are strong at explaining institutional stasis, but weak at explaining how nationalism also creates opportunities for subtle institutional change in the context of continuity. Institutional change often occurs in a gradual and piecemeal fashion, rather than wholesale rapid change as the exogenous shock model implies. I argue that there is a dynamic relationship between nationalism and institutional change that can only be understood with reference to the conceptual tools that Kathleen Thelen calls, "institutional layering and conversion" (Thelen 2004). The theoretical argument will be developed in the case of Québec. The survival of Québec's distinctive party system and welfare state is due to subtle transformations beneath the surface to bring the institutions in line with changing social and economic conditions. The argument has theoretical relevance beyond this single case, thus future research should focus on testing with appropriate comparative methods. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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