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Aims: Achieving an effective biocompatible system for siRNAs delivery to the tumor site remains a significant challenge. Materials & methods: Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) modified by chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were fabricated for PLK1 siRNAs ( siPLK1 ) delivery to the bladder cancer cells. The HA-CS-SeNP@siPLK1 efficacy was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models. Results: HA-CS-SeNP@siPLK1 was selectively internalized into T24 cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Treatment with HA-CS-SeNP@siPLK1 successfully silenced the PLK1 gene, inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in vitro . HA-CS-SeNP@siPLK1 could also inhibit tumor growth in vivo without causing systemic toxicity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that HA-CS-SeNPs may provide a good vehicle for delivering siPLK1 to the bladder tumor site.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a common chemotherapy agent that is used in clinics for the treatment of a wide spectrum of cancers. Herein, a novel approach for improving doxorubicin loading on nanoparticles and also controlled release is suggested using crosslinking doxorubicin molecules with glutaraldehyde. We investigated the loading efficiency of doxorubicin on CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles in the absence and presence of glutaraldehyde. Based on the feasible, one-pot, and time-saving approach suggested here, the crosslinked DOX showed loading efficiency about twice more in comparison with the non-crosslinked DOX. In vitro doxorubicin release of three formulations including DOX crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (DOXGA), DOX loaded on CoFe 2 O 4 (CFDOX) and DOX loaded on CoFe 2 O 4 using glutaraldehyde (CFDOXGA) yielded a sustained release. The kinetic models such as first-order, Sahlin-Peppas, and Higuchi were employed for further exploration of DOX release profile. Our suggested method might extend to other nanomaterial-based drug delivery formulations to promote drug delivery efficiency., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this paper, we reviewed the recent advances in nanoscale modifications and evaluated their potential for dental implant applications. Surfaces at the nanoscale provide remarkable features that can be exploited to enhance biological activities. Herein, titanium and its alloys are considered as the main materials due to their background as Ti-based implants, which have been yielding satisfactory results over long-term periods. At first, we discussed the survivability and the general parameters that have high impacts on implant failure and the necessities of nanoscale modification. Afterward, fabrication techniques that can generate nanostructures on the endosseous implant body are categorized as mechanical, chemical, and physical methods. These techniques are followed by biomimetic nanotopographies (e.g., nanopillars, nanoblades, etc.) and their biological mechanisms. Alongside the nanopatterns, the applications of nanoparticles (NPs) including metals, ceramics, polymers, etc., as biofunctional coating or delivery systems are fully explained. Finally, the biophysiochemical impacts of these modifications are discussed as essential parameters for a dental implant to provide satisfactory information for future endeavors.

Cancer treatment is challenging due to late-stage diagnosis, drug resistance and systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. The formulation of the drug into nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance the treatment efficacy and effectiveness. Therefore, a new cationic niosomal formulation, which contains Tween 80, Tween 60, cholesterol and lysine amino acid as a platform model to enhance transfection efficacy and reach more acceptable stability, and curcumin (Cur) as a biological anti-cancer drug, are introduced. Here, the authors focused on the design and synthesis of novel lysine-mediated niosomal NPs for the effectual and controlled release of the antitumor agent, Cur, and turned to optimize niosome formulations, concerning the volume of cholesterol and surfactant to implement these anticancer agents, simultaneously. The characterization of NPs s was carried out and the results showed the successful synthesis of Cur-entrapped niosomal NPs with high efficacy, sufficient positive charges and a favorable size (95/33 nm). The in vitro studies have been performed to investigate the cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and apoptosis of normal and cancer cells treated by black niosome, free Cur and niosom-loaded Cur. The results showed that implementing agents by niosome caused enhanced cytotoxicity, uptake and anticancer activity in cancer cells in comparison with normal cells. Furthermore, the effect of this nanodrug was surveyed on the 4T1 xenografted Balb/C mouse tumor model. Cur delivery to cancer models caused a higher tumor inhibition rate than in other groups.