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Neurodegenerative diseases involve progressive neuronal death. Traditional treatments often struggle due to solubility, bioavailability, and crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical field are garnering growing attention as neurodegenerative disease drugs (NDDs) carrier to the central nervous system. Here, we introduced computational and experimental analysis. In the computational study, a specific IFPTML technique was used, which combined Information Fusion (IF) + Perturbation Theory (PT) + Machine Learning (ML) to select the most promising Nanoparticle Neuronal Disease Drug Delivery (N2D3) systems. For the application of IFPTML model in the nanoscience, NANO.PTML is used. IF-process was carried out between 4403 NDDs assays and 260 cytotoxicity NP assays conducting a dataset of 500,000 cases. The optimal IFPTML was the Decision Tree (DT) algorithm which shown satisfactory performance with specificity values of 96.4% and 96.2%, and sensitivity values of 79.3% and 75.7% in the training (375k/75%) and validation (125k/25%) set. Moreover, the DT model obtained Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) scores of 0.97 and 0.96 in the training and validation series, highlighting its effectiveness in classification tasks. In the experimental part, two samples of NPs (Fe 3 O 4 _A and Fe 3 O 4 _B) were synthesized by thermal decomposition of an iron(III) oleate (FeOl) precursor and structurally characterized by different methods. Additionally, in order to make the as-synthesized hydrophobic NPs (Fe 3 O 4 _A and Fe 3 O 4 _B) soluble in water the amphiphilic CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) molecule was employed. Therefore, to conduct a study with a wider range of NP system variants, an experimental illustrative simulation experiment was performed using the IFPTML-DT model. For this, a set of 500,000 prediction dataset was created. The outcome of this experiment highlighted certain NANO.PTML systems as promising candidates for further investigation. The NANO.PTML approach holds potential to accelerate experimental investigations and offer initial insights into various NP and NDDs compounds, serving as an efficient alternative to time-consuming trial-and-error procedures., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The main objective of the preparation of the Fe3−xGaxO4 (0.14 ≤ x ≤ 1.35) system was to further the knowledge of the magnetic response of Ga3+-doped magnetite for application as MRI contrast agents. With this purpose, monodisperse nanoparticles between 7 and 10 nm with different amounts of gallium were prepared from an optimized protocol based on thermal decomposition of metallo-organic precursors. Thorough characterization of the sample was conducted in order to understand the influence of gallium doping on the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of the Fe3−xGaxO4 system. X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements have proved the progressive incorporation of Ga in the spinel structure, with different occupations in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Magnetization measurements as a function of field temperature have shown a clear dependence of magnetic saturation on the gallium content, reaching an Ms value of 110 Am2 kg−1 at 5 K for x = 0.14 (significantly higher than bulk magnetite) and considerably decreasing for amounts above x = 0.57 of gallium. For this reason, nanoparticles with moderate Ga quantities were water-transferred by coating them with the amphiphilic polymer PMAO to further analyse their biomedical potential. Cytotoxicity assays have demonstrated that Fe3−xGaxO4@PMAO formulations with x ≤ 0.57, which are the ones with better magnetic response, are not toxic for cells. Finally, the effect of gallium doping on relaxivities has been analysed by measuring longitudinal (T1−1) and transverse (T1−1) proton relaxation rates at 1.4 T revealing that nanoparticles with x = 0.14 Ga3+ content present remarkable T2 contrast and the nanoparticles with x = 0.26 have great potential to act as dual T1–T2 contrast agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the selectivity of magnetic nanoparticles for tumor treatment by hyperthermia, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles have been functionalized with a peptide of the type arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) following a “click” chemistry approach. The RGD peptide was linked onto the previously coated nanoparticles in order to target α v β 3 integrin receptors over-expressed in angiogenic cancer cells. Different coatings have been analyzed to enhance the biocompatibility of magnetic nanoparticles. Monodispersed and homogeneous magnetite nanoparticles have been synthesized by the seed growth method and have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. The magnetic hyperthermia efficiency of the nanoparticles has also been investigated and cytotoxicity assays have been perfomed for functionalized nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim of studying the influence of synthesis parameters in structural and magnetic properties of cobalt-doped magnetite nanoparticles, Fe3-xCoxO4 (0 < x < 0.15) samples were synthetized by thermal decomposition method at different reaction times (30-120 min). The Co ferrite nanoparticles are monodisperse with diameters between 6 and 11 nm and morphologies depending on reaction times, varying from spheric, cuboctahedral, to cubic. Chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction were used to confirm the composition, high crystallinity, and pure-phase structure. The investigation of the magnetic properties, both magnetization and electronic magnetic resonance, has led the conditions to improve the magnetic response of doped nanoparticles. Magnetization values of 86 emu·g-1 at room temperature (R.T.) have been obtained for the sample with the highest Co content and the highest reflux time. Magnetic characterization also displays a dependence of the magnetic anisotropy constant with the varying cobalt content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of FexCo1-x good quality nanoparticles by the chemical reduction technique. • FexCo1-x nanoparticles with bcc cubic structure and no impurities. • FexCo1-x nanoparticles with good soft magnetic behaviour. • FexCo1-x nanoparticles with saturation magnetization up to 235 emu/g. • Good magnetorheological behaviour by using Fe47Co53 nanoparticles as fluid fillers. We present results concerning the synthesis of Fe x Co 1-x (0 < x < 1) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with different compositions by the chemical reduction technique and subsequent structural (XRD patterns), morphological (TEM images) and magnetic (VSM magnetometry) characterization. We have got excellent quality NPs in the cubic bcc structure showing a room temperature magnetization as high as 235 emu/g for the Fe 66 Co 34 composition alloy. Powder of composition Fe 47 Co 53 was used to fabricate a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) by using mineral oil as carrier liquid and Aerosil 300 as additive to control the viscosity of the fluid. This MRF showed a strong magnetorheological response with a superior performance under applied magnetic field up to 616.7 kA/m and good reversibility after demagnetization process. At that highest applied magnetic field, we determined a yield stress value of 2729 Pa, that competes well with the best ones reported in the most recent literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The achievement of a successful heating power response of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles for being applied in magnetic hyperthermia entails an exhaustive control of their magnetic characteristics and therefore, of the synthesis method employed. Despite the fact that one of the best wet-chemical methods to finely adjust Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) size over 15 ​nm is the thermal decomposition of iron(III) oleate, the studies about the specific influence of iron(III) oleate precursor on the IONPs are particularly scarce. So, in this work five iron(III) oleate precursors have been systematically prepared varying synthesis conditions and it has been analyzed how their characteristics affect the features of the ulterior magnetite NPs. The refined synthesis method has yield monophasic and monodisperse NPs of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) with different sizes (in the 10–40 ​nm range) and morphologies (cuboctahedral, octahedral and spherical). A complete chemical, structural, morphological and magnetic characterization have been performed to correlate the properties of the iron(III) oleate with the features of the subsequent magnetite NPs. [Display omitted] • A proper control of the reaction conditions of Fe(oleate) 2 precursor can lead tailored magnetic nanoparticles. • Well-faceted nano-octahedra Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, with good shape/size homogeneity can been obtained from Fe:Oleate ratio ≤3. • High saturation magnetization (Ms) and a Verwey temperature (Tv) similar to bulk magnetite displayed by octahedral NPs. • Good monodispersity of octahedral nanosystems easily corroborated by EMR measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]