1. Lignin nanoparticles from Ayurvedic industry spent materials: Applications in Pickering emulsions for curcumin and vitamin D 3 encapsulation.
- Author
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Abraham B, Shakeela H, Devendra LP, Arun KB, Vasanth Ragavan K, Brennan C, Mantri N, Adhikari B, and Nisha P
- Subjects
- Mice, Animals, Drug Compounding, RAW 264.7 Cells, Plant Extracts chemistry, Waste Products analysis, Rats, Industrial Waste analysis, Curcumin chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry, Lignin chemistry, Emulsions chemistry, Cholecalciferol chemistry, Particle Size
- Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNP), extracted from spent materials of Dashamoola Arishta (Ayurvedic formulation), shared a molecular weight of 14.42 kDa with commercial lignin. Processed into LNPs (496.43 ± 0.54 nm) via planetary ball milling, they demonstrated stability at pH 8.0 with a zeta potential of -32 ± 0.27 mV. Operating as Pickering particles, LNP encapsulated curcumin and vitamin D
3 in sunflower oil, forming LnE + Cu + vD3 nanoemulsions (particle size: 347.40 ± 0.71 nm, zeta potential: -42.27 ± 0.72 mV) with high encapsulation efficiencies (curcumin: 87.95 ± 0.21%, vitamin D3 : 72.66 ± 0.11%). The LnE + Cu + vD3 emulsion exhibited stability without phase separation over 90 days at room (27 ± 2 °C) and refrigeration (4 ± 1 °C) temperatures. Remarkably, LnE + Cu + vD3 exhibited reduced toxicity, causing 29.32% and 34.99% cell death in L6 and RAW264.7 cells respectively, at the highest concentration (50 μg/mL). This underscores the potential valorization of Ayurvedic industry spent materials for diverse industrial applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest, (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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