1. Targeting NAD metabolism regulates extracellular adenosine levels to improve the cytotoxicity of CD8+ effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer.
- Author
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Liu HY, Wang FH, Liang JM, Xiang YY, Liu SH, Zhang SW, Zhu CM, He YL, and Zhang CH
- Subjects
- Humans, Adenosine pharmacology, Cell Line, Tumor, Tumor Microenvironment, Cytokines metabolism, Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase genetics, Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase metabolism, Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, NAD metabolism, Stomach Neoplasms drug therapy
- Abstract
Purpose: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is closely related to the pathogenesis of tumors. However, the effect of NAD+ metabolism of gastric cancer (GC) cells on immune cells remains unexplained. We targeted nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ synthesis salvage pathway, to observe its effect in the immune microenvironment., Methods: NAMPT of GC cell lines was inhibited by using the small molecule inhibitor (FK866) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA). CCK-8 test and flow cytometry were performed to detect cell viability and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was used to observe changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).The transfected GC cells (AGS) and patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were cocultured with activated PBMCs, followed by flow cytometric analysis (FCA) for cytokines and inhibitory marker. The level of NAD and ATP of GC cells (AGS & MKN45) was tested combined with NMN and CD39 inhibitor., Results: Targeting NAD+ by FK866 obviously reduced MMP, which ultimately inhibited proliferation and increased the apoptosis of GC cells. NAMPT silencing reduced intracellular NAD and ATP,further decreased extracellular adenosine. Meawhile, the cytokines of CD8+T cells were significantly increased after cocultured with transfected AGS, and the expression of PD-1 was distinctly decreased. NMN reversed the effect of shNAMPT and enhanced the immunosuppression. Consistent results were obtained by coculturing PBMCs with PDOs., Conclusion: Restraining the function of NAMPT resulted in the functional improvement of effector CD8+ T cells by decreasing extracellular adenosine levels and inducing apoptosis of GC cells simultaneously. Therefore, this study demonstrates that NAMPT can be an effective target for gastric cancer immunotherapy., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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