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This study aims to clarify the characteristics of settlement composition and house layout in Mamasa Toraja and Tana Toraja, Indonesia, focusing on spatial differences. The study reviewed relevant literature, selected settlements for the survey, and prepared settlement layout maps based on satellite imagery. Field surveys were conducted in 2022 to revise the settlement layout maps, record house plans, and interview local residents. The study found that despite having the same cultural roots, Tana Toraja and Mamasa Toraja have different settlement configurations and house layouts. The Tana Toraja settlements have a straight composition with warehouses on the north side and houses on the south side, flanked by a street-like plaza. In contrast, the composition of Mamasa Toraja settlements in the mountainous area is curvilinear, following the natural topography. Although social restrictions based on the caste system have long since been abolished, the layout of houses in the Toraja settlement, especially in Mamasa, still shows a social structure from when the caste system existed. This study provides insights into the unique spatial forms and cultural practices of the traditional villages in Mamasa Toraja and Tana Toraja, highlighting the importance of preserving their cultural heritage.

Traditional houses and villages are a cultural asset of the West Sulawesi region and should be passed down to future generations to preserve the community’s identity. The Orobua settlement, located in Mamasa Regency, West Sulawesi Province, is a settlement that had maintained its traditional landscape until the 1990s. However, since the mid-2000s, most traditional houses have either been modified or replaced with modern ones. This paper examines the cultural heritage of the Orobua settlement and suggests strategies to preserve its traditional landscape. Source data were obtained through a literature review, field survey, and interviews with residents.

Green and energy-saving reforms, which use protection as a precondition, can, not only reduce a building’s energy use but also improve its level of comfort. Such reforms can also adapt to the new demands of modern society while extending the life of traditional architecture. Therefore, this research chose a classical, traditional house in Hangzhou Zhejiang, China, as a transformation object – attempting to implement low-cost, energy-saving technology. The building’s energy consumption and level of comfort before and after the transformation have been simulated and measured to compare the effects of the transformation. The authors hope this research will provide insights into green and energy-saving reform technology and aid the sustainable development of traditional houses.

The Indonesian people are very rich in tradition and culture. One of the traditions and culture that still exists today is a traditional house. This traditional house has the uniqueness and characteristics of each region. Buttoned traditional house (fala kanci) is a traditional North Maluku house spread throughout North Maluku. Button house has unique characteristics, namely building construction. With building construction using wood as a building structure starting from beams on foundation, columns and beams which all bound together using traditional wooden pegs and joints. In this modern era the existence of traditional houses is increasingly rarely found. This research it is hoped that it can open up the horizons of thought about the existence and uniqueness of traditional houses owned by the people of North Maluku in general and the people of Ternate in particular. The typology approach by comparing four traditional houses of fala kanci was chose from four different villages, so that it can be conclude about the characteristics of fala kanci traditional houses in Ternate. These characteristics are in the form of building facades, floor plans, walls, foundations and construction of fala kanci traditional houses. Fala Kanci is also an earthquake resistant building because of the uniqueness of its building frame.

Traditional houses in the village of Sumbersari are Javanese joglo houses that have been modified according to local culture. This traditional house is quite commonly found in Sumbersari Village, Udanawu District, Blitar, the distribution is quite evenly distributed in Blitar Regency. This traditional residence has the characteristics of the limasan building roof and has a symmetrical facade building, this residence belongs to a Javanese family with a higher status, so it has a uniqueness that is by the spatial layout and facade. Over time, only changes in spatial layout and facade are related to human needs, new technology, lifestyle, economic factors, inheritance, and cultural rights. With existence, traditional houses that are increasingly changing will eventually lose their identity. The purpose of this study is to analyze typologies by classifying traditional dwellings based on specific types and analyzing their morphology based on the level of change and the application of the changes. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a rationalistic discussion. The results of the studio are the data in the form of tables about the typology and morphology of traditional dwellings as the essence of the instructions for the form of traditional dwellings that can be contributed to the scientific architecture of the archipelago.

Taraklı, Türkiye'de Kocaeli sınırına yakın bir Sakarya ilçesidir. Modern pastoral zihniyet ve mimari koruma ilkeleri ile öne çıkan bir yerdir. Halen geleneksel mimarisi korunmuş, restore edilmiş, restorasyona hazır tipik bir Anadolu kasabası özelliğini göstermektedir. Makalenin amacı, sakin şehir sertifikasına sahip olunması için aranan standartlar, özellikle kentsel ve mimari kriterlere odaklanarak değerlendirilecektir. Yöntem olarak; Cittaslow hareket kriterlerinden geleneksel yapıların korunması kriterleri incelendi. Taraklı’nın mevcut üç geleneksel mahallesi, 18 geleneksel konutu, 8 sivil mimari örneklerinin harita ve mimari dokümanları (ölçekli rölöve ve restitüsyon projeleri, fotoğrafları, illüstrasyonları) elde edilerek görsel mimari analizler yapıldı. Taraklı’da geleneksel dokuya dair korunmuş/değerlere seçilen “geleneksel yapıların korunması” Cittaslow kriterlerine göre belirli örnek binalar üzerinden tarihi binaların korunması değerlendirilmiştir Cittaslow standartlarından mimari mirasın Taraklı’nın sahip olduğu en güçlü unsur olduğunu söylenebilir. Mimari mirasın tümünü, doğal çevreyi, yüzyıllar içinde birikmiş kültürü, ananeyi, yaşam biçimini ve yerleşmenin ruhunu kavrayabilmek; bütüncül bir korumayı ve yaşam anlayışını Taraklı’da başarılmıştır.

This study deals with the architectural properties of traditional Siverek houses, which are important in the larger corpus of Southeastern Anatolian houses. The historical city center of Siverek has partly preserved its authentic character with its monumental buildings and traditional houses. Despite the considerable number of traditional courtyard houses in Siverek, no detailed survey has been conducted on them. In this work, these traditional houses in the historical Siverek City center are identified and documented for the first time. Their plans, façades, and structural systems are examined in detail, and the structural elements are comprehensively analyzed. We document the architectural features of these traditional Siverek houses and introduce the cultural heritage of the city. These details provide information for proper decision-making regarding the preparation of restitution and restoration projects and selecting materials and techniques that suit the structures to be restored.

Cultural heritage represents a unique and irreplaceable cultural value of a nation. Preservation and protection of cultural heritage is an important moral role of the entire modern society. The paper singles out the notion of vernacular architecture and traditional houses as a significant part of the architectural heritage. The case study includes examples of traditional houses in Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria. The current condition of buildings, their purpose, the degree of preservation, as well as the applied methods of protection are considered in more detail. By analyzing examples of positive and negative practice, conclusions were drawn about the active approach to the architectural heritage of these countries. The goal of this paper is to consider the approach to the preservation of vernacular architecture and the relationship of these countries to this form of cultural heritage. The methods used in the paper are analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, modeling method and case study.

Abstrak_Delta Lakkang adalah salah satu kelurahan di Kecamatan Tallo, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. Lakkang merupakan delta yang berada di antara Sungai Tallo dan Sungai Pampang, terbentuk akibat sedimentasi sungai selama ratusan tahun. Rumah merupakan bagian kebudayaan fisik, dalam konteks tradisional merupakan bentuk ungkapan yang berkaitan dengan kepribadian masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui ragam wujud rumah panggung yang ada di Lakkang dengan menggunakan studi tipologi arsitektur berdasarkan aspek bentuk, ruang, tampak, struktur, material dan ornamen atau ragam hias dan faktor yang mempengaruhi keragaman wujud arsitektural rumah tradisional di Kelurahan Lakkang. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data terhadap enam rumah tradisional berupa rumah panggung. Data berupa dokumentasi diperoleh melalui pengamatan, pengukuran dan wawancara. Analisis deskriptif terhadap hasil data tentang tipologi bentuk, tata ruang, struktur dan material dan agam hias atau ornamen rumah dengan bentuk tabulasi silang. Metode wawancara langsung kepada penghuni rumah digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor pengaruh ragam wujud rumah di Delta Lakkang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wujud bentuk dan fasad pada rumah tradisional Lakkang mengikuti bentuk rumah tradisional Makassar dengan tiga zona; zona kaki (fungsi : gudang dan tempat usaha), badan (fungsi:ruang tamu, tidur, dapur)dan kepala rumah (ruang kosong). Wujud tata ruang pada rumah tradisional Lakkang terdiri dari tiga zona depan (teras), tengah (ruang tamu) dan belakang (ruang tidur dan dapur). Area sirkulasi utama berada disisi kiri rumah ( fungsi : penghubung teras dan dapur), bentuk denah segiempat dengan grid yang ukurannya tidak sama. Wujud struktur dan material yaitu pondasi umpak batu, kontrusksi sambungan kayu dan material atap adalah seng. Wujud ornamen atau ragam hias yang ada pada anjong atau ujung bubungan atap berbentuk tanduk kerbau dan railing teras berbentuk buah nanas. Faktor yang mempengaruhi keragaman wujud arsitektural rumah tradisional di Delta Lakkang adalah biaya pembuatan rumah, kemampuan tukang dalam pembuatan rumah, dan kebiasaan meniru bentuk rumah dari daerah asal. Kata kunci: Wujud Arsitektur; Rumah Tradisional; Delta Lakkang.. Abstract_ Delta Lakkang is one of the villages in Tallo District, Makassar City, South Sulawesi. Lakkang is a delta that lies between the Tallo River and the Pampang River, formed as a result of river sedimentation for hundreds of years. The house is a part of physical culture, traditionally; it is a form of expression related to the personality of the community. This study aimed to determine the various form of stilt houses in Lakkang by using architectural typology studies based on aspects of shape, space, appearance, structure, material, and ornament / ornamental variety and factors affect the diversity of architectural forms of traditional houses in the LakkangVillage. This qualitative research used a descriptive method with data collection methods on six traditional houses in stilt hoses form. The data was in the form of documentation obtain through observation, measurement, and interviews. Descriptive analysis of the data’s results on the typology of the shape, spatial structure, structure and material and ornament of the house formed in crosstabs. The method of direct interviews with residents of the house used to determine the factors influencing the variety of houses in Lakkangdelta. The results showed that the shape and facade of the traditional Lakkang house are followed the shape of the Makassar house with three zones; foot zone (function: warehouse and place of business), body (function: living room, bedroom, kitchen) and head of the house (empty space). The layout in the traditional Lakkang house consisted of three front zones (terrace), center (living room) and back (bedroom and kitchen. The main circulation area was on the left side of the house (function: connecting the terrace and the kitchen). Rectangular floor plan with a grid that was not the same size. The shape of the structure and the material was the foundation of a stone base, the connection of wood and roof material is zinc. The form of ornament that is on the roof is the buffalo horn-shaped and pineapple-shaped patio railing. Factors influencing the diversity of architectural forms of traditional houses in the Lakkang Village are the cost of making a house, the ability of builders to build a house, and the habit of mimicking the shape of a house from the origin area. Keywords: Architectural forms; Traditional House;Delta Lakkang.

The people of Kampung Ciptagelar are indigenous people who still hold tatali parantikaruhun. The traditional house of Ciptagelar village is rumah panggung. The facade of the traditional house of Kampung Ciptagelar has developed. The purpose of this research is to describes typology and morphology of the traditional house of Kampung Ciptagelar. This research is descriptive research using qualitative data collection techniques. Primary data was obtained by observing the field. Secondary references are obtained through historical-comparative research related to the research sites and research topics. The results showed that there are two types of roofs, three types of roof terraces, six door types, eight types of windows, two types of walls, and four types of terraces. The researcher classified the change of facade of traditional house of kampong into eight groups. The change of facade is influenced by social, economic, climate change, and community knowledge of Kampung Ciptagelar. Tatali paranti karuhun as a cultural factor while maintaining the red thread of the traditional house of Kampong Ciptagelar.

Traditional houses in Indonesia have become silent witnesses of how life in the past was carried out and its influence on the order of life of the people at that time. Likewise with the traditional Javanese houses of the community of dusun Cemorosewu - Magetan, which have the characteristics and functionally have specific aims and objectives that influence the process of establishing the building. This study is expected to provide a benefit in the form of the development of knowledge related to traditional houses in general which can be applied in building architecture. The method used in this writing is a descriptive method with non random sampling technique, which is purposive sampling (purposive sampling technique). From the discussion, it can be seen that the traditional house in dusun Cemorosewu only two clusters, namely griya wingking with dhapur limasan and griya pawon with dhapurkampong where griya pawon is always on the left either the wingking house faces north or south. The supporting structure of the roof of the house is supported by 8 (eight) poles so that it is often referred to as omah soko wolu. Walls are made of split stone and zinc roofing and there are still cooking stoves that use fuel from firewood along with complementary components such as pogo and sigiran and roof openings in an effort to remove smoke.

This study examined structures of traditional civil architecture in the city center of Kahramanmaras and aims to describe the general characteristics. The meaning of this study ancient neighborhoods of the city of Maras, which is registered in the list of cultural assets Ekmekçi, Gazipasa, Kayabaşı, Kurtuluş, Turan and Yörükselim in 50 house is located in the urban. Maps of the traditional urban fabric, old photographs and engravings, Adana of Protection Regional Office and Kahramanmaras Museum Directorate registration slips structures are basic materials in this researc. Structures, as well as the study of the written and visual materials prepared plans and drawings of these structures and according to the findings of the general characteristics of the structures described in traditional civil architecture of the city of Kahramanmaras. As a result, the formation of traditional houses of Maras climate, topography features of the natural environment such as the social and economic structure has been found to be effective in a variety of variables. In this study also there is a work of documentation of Gözlüklü Ali House which arrived to our time. The house is evaluated in the light of contemporary protection principles and some preservation recommendations are given for the building. This work partly introduces civil architecture buildings of Kahramanmaraş and gives recommendations by reason of examinations and evaluations of this houses.

Bangladesh Traditional houses (B.T.H) which are located in warm humid tropical climate represent a unique phenomenon with device capable to meet the comfort demand through environmental well adapted design. Recently the traditional house and the contemporary design house (C.D.H) for Bangladesh are examined by comparing the thermal performance within the same outdoor condition and the climatic region at the dense Dhaka city. This comparison is based on field measurements of thermal performance of the traditional house and the contemporary design house within the same summer period. Quantitative method is used to measure the thermal performance. The field survey was conducted using two set of thermal data loggers were installed in both selected houses to record the air temperature and relative humidity of the outdoor and indoor spaces. Data collection was carried out for the hot and wet month of summer period in June. The research result concluded that the traditional houses of Bangladesh provided useful indicators of appropriate architectural design response to climate, particularly in the context of purely passive environmental control. However it is required to adapt a critical approach towards the modern contemporary architectural design strategy of deriving lesson from traditional houses to extend the period of indoor thermal environment inside the contemporary houses.