1. iPSC-derived myelinoids to study myelin biology of humans.
- Author
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James OG, Selvaraj BT, Magnani D, Burr K, Connick P, Barton SK, Vasistha NA, Hampton DW, Story D, Smigiel R, Ploski R, Brophy PJ, Ffrench-Constant C, Lyons DA, and Chandran S
- Subjects
- Axons metabolism, Axons ultrastructure, Humans, Myelin Sheath ultrastructure, Nerve Growth Factors deficiency, Nerve Growth Factors metabolism, Organoids ultrastructure, Tetanus Toxin pharmacology, Time Factors, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells cytology, Myelin Sheath physiology, Organoids physiology
- Abstract
Myelination is essential for central nervous system (CNS) formation, health, and function. Emerging evidence of oligodendrocyte heterogeneity in health and disease and divergent CNS gene expression profiles between mice and humans supports the development of experimentally tractable human myelination systems. Here, we developed human iPSC-derived myelinating organoids ("myelinoids") and quantitative tools to study myelination from oligodendrogenesis through to compact myelin formation and myelinated axon organization. Using patient-derived cells, we modeled a monogenetic disease of myelinated axons (Nfasc155 deficiency), recapitulating impaired paranodal axo-glial junction formation. We also validated the use of myelinoids for pharmacological assessment of myelination-both at the level of individual oligodendrocytes and globally across whole myelinoids-and demonstrated reduced myelination in response to suppressed synaptic vesicle release. Our study provides a platform to investigate human myelin development, disease, and adaptive myelination., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests S.C. is a co-founder of Pheno Therapeutics. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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