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This article examines the profitability and resource use efficiency of cucumber production in Sultanpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study collected data from 100 cucumber farmers and used the Cobb-Douglas production function to estimate resource use efficiency. The study found that marginal farms had higher profitability compared to small and medium-sized farms, and identified factors such as human labor, machinery charges, and seed as significant contributors to output on marginal farms. The article emphasizes the importance of the horticulture sector in the Indian economy and highlights the nutritional and medicinal properties of vegetables like cucumbers. The findings suggest that certain variables can be adjusted to increase profitability in cucumber production. [Extracted from the article]