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1. Large scale multifactorial likelihood quantitative analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants: An ENIGMA resource to support clinical variant classification

Author

Luigi Mori, Sara González, Elia Grau, Dieter Niederacher, Alexandra C. Kölbl, Ares Solanes, Cassandra B. Nichols, Marine Guillaud-Bataille, Ulrike Schoenwiese, Katherine L. Nathanson, Alfons Meindl, Ellen Honisch, Hans Ehrencrona, Ute Enders, Anke Waha, Trinidad Caldés, Inge Søkilde Pedersen, Ana Blanco, Emma Tudini, Conxi Lázaro, Paolo Radice, Torben A Kruse, María Concepción Alonso-Cerezo, Chantal Farra, Shan Wang-Gohrke, Wilko Weichert, Heli Nevanlinna, Setareh Moghadasi, Bernd Auber, Carla Bruzzone, Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga, Sabine Grill, Raymonda Varon, Nicolas Derive, Ana Vega, Nicolai Maass, Åke Borg, Cora M. Aalfs, Nadia Naldi, Silvia Iglesias, Kai Ren Ong, Encarna B. Gomez Garcia, Karl Hackmann, Emma R. Woodward, Norbert Arnold, David E. Goldgar, Bernard Peissel, Karolin Bucksch, Berardino Porfirio, Françoise Révillion, Angel Izquierdo, Isabell Witzel, Sebastian Wagner, Silke Zachariae, Elisa Alducci, Mads Thomassen, Jesús del Valle, Valentina Zampiga, Kerstin Rhiem, Lidia Moserle, Edenir Inêz Palmero, Maaike P.G. Vreeswijk, Christoph Mundhenke, Laura Papi, Alejandro Moles-Fernández, Paula Rofes, Ulrike Faust, Andrea Gehrig, Sandrine M. Caputo, Logan C. Walker, Fiona Lalloo, Ute Felbor, Joan Brunet, Henriette Roed Nielsen, Sean V. Tavtigian, Beatrice Bortesi, Thomas Hansen, Maria Grazia Tibiletti, Estela Carrasco, Lisa Wiesmüller, Viviana Gismondi, Sophie Krieger, Pedro Pérez-Segura, Esther Pohl-Rescigno, Emanuela Lucci-Cordisco, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Rui Manuel Reis, Gabriele Lorenzo Capone, Ileana Carnevali, Christi J. van Asperen, KCon Fab Investigators, Jochen Seggewiß, Rhiannon J. Walters, Irmgard Debatin, Susan M. Domchek, Marco Montagna, Francesca Gensini, Kristiina Aittomäki, Véronique Dutrannoy, Arcangela De Nicolo, Giulia Cagnoli, Elisa J. Cops, Henrique de Campos Reis Galvão, Giulia Cini, Barbara Riboli, Eva Tornero, Paul A. James, Judith Balmaña, Anne-Marie Gerdes, Heide Hellebrand, Miriam Fine, Mathias Stiller, Aldo Germani, Diana Eccles, Britta Blümcke, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Elena Leinert, Alexandra Lewis, Daniela Rivera, Verena Hübbel, Fergus J. Couch, Gunnar Schmidt, Katharina Keupp, Bernhard H. F. Weber, Tilman Heinrich, Mariarosaria Calvello, Michael Dean, Udo Jeschke, Vanessa Lattimore, Linda A.M. Janssen, Siranoush Manoukian, Eva Gross, Kelly J. Sullivan, Doris Steinemann, Susanne Ledig, Alessandra Viel, Christoph Engel, Ana Sánchez de Abajo, Nina Ditsch, Sandra Bonache, Maria A. Caligo, Katharina Pfeifer, Thomas Haaf, Christian Sutter, Eric Hahnen, Laura Matricardi, Marc Tischkowitz, Alex Teulé, Katherine M. Tucker, Jutta Giesecke, Silvia Tognazzo, Gemma Montalban, Carolina Gómez, Anders Kvist, Joanna Lim, Alison H. Trainer, Rachel Susman, Judit Horvath, Amanda B. Spurdle, Mirjam Larsen, Therese Törngren, Mónica Salinas, Nicholas Pachter, Rachel Austin, Nicola K. Poplawski, C Zeder-Göß, Juliane Ramser, Julia Ritter, Anne Sophie Vesper, Paola Concolino, D. Gareth Evans, Clemens R. Müller, Matilde Navarro, Sara Torres-Esquius, Claus R. Bartram, Laura Cortesi, Jacopo Azzollini, Marion Harris, Edward M. Clarke, Marion Kiechle, Lídia Feliubadaló, Almuth Caliebe, Karen N. Herold, Charlotte Kvist Lautrup, Anne S. Quante, Gardenia Vargas-Parra, Michael T. Parsons, Pietro Cavalli, Hongyan Li, Rodrigo Augusto Depieri Michelli, Irene Feroce, Achim Wöckel, Kerstin Wieland, Silke Kaulfuß, Soo Hwang Teo, Angela Velasco, Capucine Delnatte, Marta Pineda, Marion van Mackelenbergh, Eva Montes, Angela Toss, Rita K. Schmutzler, William D. Foulkes, Alvaro N.A. Monteiro, Jan Hauke, Monica Marabelli, Miguel de la Hoya, Sara Gutiérrez-Enríquez, Esther Darder, Simona Agata, Amanda E. Toland, Bernardo Bonanni, Liliana Varesco, Orland Diez, Andreas Rump, Virginie Caux-Moncoutier, Gaetana Gambino, Markus Loeffler, Claude Houdayer, Elena Barbieri, Adrià López-Fernández, et. al., Universidade do Minho, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences [Beijing] (CAGS), Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR), Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne]-Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer-Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Programa de Càncer Hereditari, Unitat de Diagnòstic Molecular, Laboratori de Recerca Translacional, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Helsinki University Central Hospital, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein-Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Institute of Human Genetics, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS & Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-USC, CIBER-ER, Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University [Lund]-Skåne University Hospital, Genetic Counseling and Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Institut Curie [Paris], Programa de Consell Genètic en Càncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Girona-IdIBGi, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos [Madrid, Spain] (IdISSC), Centre René Gauducheau, CRLCC René Gauducheau, Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oncogenetics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Genetics, University of Southampton, Departament of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University-Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester [Manchester], Department of Medical Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU)-Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Institüt für Humangenetik [Würzburg], Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Institute of Chemistry [Budapest], Faculty of Sciences [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), I. Frauenklinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Génomique et Médecine Personnalisée du Cancer et des Maladies Neuropsychiatriques (GPMCND), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Lund University [Lund]-Clinical Sciences, Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre-Central Manchester University Hospitals, Institute for Medical Informatics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumouri (INT), Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, University Medical Center Kiel, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Düsseldorf-Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Medical Genetics Unit, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Department of Biochemistry, Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire Humaine, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret [Lille] (UNICANCER/Lille), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER, Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), Programa de Consejo Genético en Cáncer, Instituto Catalán de Oncología-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Programa de Diagnòstic Molecular de Càncer Hereditari, Laboratori de Recerca Translacional, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Unit of Hereditary Cancers, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Unit of Experimental Oncology 1, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Institute of Pathology, Department of Gynecology, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), King‘s College London, Molecular Diagnostic Unit, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumouri (INT)-Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology [Leipzig] (IMISE), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Division of Molecular Gynaeco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center University of Cologne, Medicum, Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology (GSB) Research Program, Kristiina Aittomäki / Principal Investigator, HUSLAB, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, HUS Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Management, University of Helsinki, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU)-Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Université de Lille-UNICANCER-Université de Lille-UNICANCER, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Universität Leipzig, University of Cologne, RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, MUMC+: DA KG Polikliniek (9), and Klinische Genetica

Subjects
Male, Multifactorial Inheritance, BRCA1, BRCA2, classification, clinical, multifactorial, quantitative, uncertain significance, variant, Alternative Splicing, BRCA1 Protein, BRCA2 Protein, Computational Biology, Early Detection of Cancer, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Likelihood Functions, Neoplasms, Mutation, Missense, Medicina Básica [Ciências Médicas], Settore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA, GUIDELINES, Genetic analysis, CLINGEN, SEQUENCE VARIANTS, Missense mutation, FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS, Genetics (clinical), BRCA1, BRCA2, quantitative, clinical, classification, multifactorial, variant, uncertain significance, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, 030305 genetics & heredity, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, SPLICING ANALYSIS, OVARIAN, BRCA2 Protein/genetics, 3. Good health, ddc, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Ciências Médicas::Medicina Básica, Medical genetics, Special Articles, medicine.medical_specialty, Posterior probability, Population, Computational biology, Biology, INTEGRATED EVALUATION, 03 medical and health sciences, Special Article, medicine, Genetics, BREAST-CANCER, Genetic variability, ddc:610, education, 030304 developmental biology, Tumors, Science & Technology, Proteins, Computational Biology/methods, RISKS, Mutation, BRCA1 Protein/genetics, 3111 Biomedicine, Missense, Proteïnes, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Genètica, Neoplasms/diagnosis
Abstract

The multifactorial likelihood analysis method has demonstrated utility for quantitative assessment of variant pathogenicity for multiple cancer syndrome genes. Independent data types currently incorporated in the model for assessing BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants include clinically calibrated prior probability of pathogenicity based on variant location and bioinformatic prediction of variant effect, co-segregation, family cancer history profile, co-occurrence with a pathogenic variant in the same gene, breast tumor pathology, and case-control information. Research and clinical data for multifactorial likelihood analysis were collated for 1,395 BRCA1/2 predominantly intronic and missense variants, enabling classification based on posterior probability of pathogenicity for 734 variants: 447 variants were classified as (likely) benign, and 94 as (likely) pathogenic; and 248 classifications were new or considerably altered relative to ClinVar submissions. Classifications were compared with information not yet included in the likelihood model, and evidence strengths aligned to those recommended for ACMG/AMP classification codes. Altered mRNA splicing or function relative to known nonpathogenic variant controls were moderately to strongly predictive of variant pathogenicity. Variant absence in population datasets provided supporting evidence for variant pathogenicity. These findings have direct relevance for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant evaluation, and justify the need for gene-specific calibration of evidence types used for variant classification., Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Barretos Cancer Hospital. Grant Number: FINEP ‐ CT‐INFRA (02/2010) Breast Cancer Foundation of New Zealand Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Grant Number: PSR‐SIIRI‐701 Cancer Research UK. Grant Numbers: C8197/A16565, C5047/A8384, C1281/A12014, C12292/A11174, C1287/A10710, C1287/A10118, C1287/A16563, C5047/A10692, C5047/A15007 Department of Defence, USA. Grant Number: W81XWH‐10‐1‐0341 Helsinki University Hospital Research fund Scientific Foundation Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer Leiden University Medical Centre. Grant Number: Grant 30.925 Generalitat de Catalunya. Grant Numbers: PERIS_MedPerCan, URDCat, 2017SGR1282, 2017SGR496 Royal Society of New Zealand Cancer Council Victoria Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). Grant Number: Grant 017.008.022 Breast Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Foundation of Western Australia EU H2020. Grant Number: 634935 Fundación Mutua Madrileña Seventh Framework Programme. Grant Numbers: 634935, 223175, 633784 Cancer Council South Australia Government of Galicia. Grant Number: Consolidation and structuring program: IN607B Cancer Council Tasmania Italian Association of Cancer Research. Grant Number: 15547 Queensland Cancer Fund AstraZeneca National Institute of Health (USA). Grant Numbers: 1U19 CA148065‐01, CA128978, CA192393, 1U19 CA148537, P50 CA1162091, CA116167, 1U19 CA148112 Newcastle University Dutch Cancer Society KWF. Grant Numbers: KWF/Pink Ribbon‐11704, UL2012‐5649 National Institute for Health Research. Grant Number: Manchester Biomedical Research centre (IS‐BRC‐1215 National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Grant Numbers: FIS PI15/00355, FIS PI13/01711, CIBERONC, FIS PI16/01218, PI16/00563 French National Institute of Cancer National Breast Cancer Foundation National Health and Medical Research Council. Grant Numbers: ID1061778, ID1104808 Carlos III National Health Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enferemdades Raras. Grant Number: ACCI 2016: ER17P1AC7112/2018 Cancer Council NSW Deutsche Krebshilfe. Grant Numbers: (#110837, #70111850 Fondazione Pisa. Grant Number: Grant “Clinical characterization of BRCA 1/2 Mis

Published
2019

2. The RAD51C exonic splice-site mutations c.404GC and c.404GT are associated with familial breast and ovarian cancer

Author

Peter Nürnberg, Jan Hauke, Janine Altmüller, Nadja Bogdanova Markov, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Eric Hahnen, Alfons Meindl, Britta Blümcke, Heide Hellebrand, Alexandra Becker, Judit Horvath, Kerstin Rhiem, Holger Thiele, Rita K. Schmutzler, and Guido Neidhardt

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Epidemiology, Breast Neoplasms, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Exon, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Germline mutation, medicine, Missense mutation, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Family history, Genotyping, Genetics, Ovarian Neoplasms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Exons, medicine.disease, Stop codon, Pedigree, DNA-Binding Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutation, RAD51C, Female
Abstract

Whereas RAD51C mutations increase the relative risk for ovarian cancer (OC) to 5.88 (95% confidence interval=2.91-11.88, P=7.65×10), the associated risks for breast cancer (BC) remain largely unknown, as deleterious RAD51C alterations are extremely rare in BC-only families. Here, we report the results of a RAD51C mutational screening in a large series of German familial index patients negative for pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations and the in-vitro characterization of two novel exonic RAD51C splice-site mutations. A total of 610 index cases derived from BC/OC (n=587) or OC-only families (n=23) were screened for potentially deleterious germline mutations in RAD51C. The frequencies of two splice-site mutations were assessed by single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping in 1410 additional cases not enriched for OC family history. In three independent families, we identified novel splice-site mutations affecting the last nucleotide of exon 2 (c.404G>C, c.404G>T). Both mutations disrupt proper RAD51C pre-mRNA processing and cause a missense substitution immediately followed by a stop codon (p.Cys135Serfs*2; p.Cys135Leufs*2). Even though both mutations have similar effects on the protein level, they are associated with either BC/OC, OC-only, or BC-only family histories. The rare finding of a clearly truncating RAD51C mutation in an early-onset BC patient with a BC-only family history supports the notion that compromised RAD51C function may result in both BC and OC. Large international collaborative studies are needed to quantify the relative risk of RAD51C alterations for BC and to unravel the genetic modifying factors that determine phenotypic variability with respect to cancer site.

Published
2016

3. Germline mutations in breast and ovarian cancer pedigrees establish RAD51C as a human cancer susceptibility gene

Author

Dieter Niederacher, Heiner Schaal, Constanze Wiek, Kornelia Neveling, Linda Hartmann, Detlev Schindler, Ellen Honisch, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Peter Lichtner, Hans Erich Wichmann, Karin Kast, Christopher G. Mathew, Verena Erven, Helmut Hanenberg, Rita K. Schmutzler, Christoph Engel, Marcel Freund, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Heide Hellebrand, Juliane Ramser, Helmut Deissler, Marion Kiechle, Alfons Meindl, and Christian Kubisch

Subjects
Genetics, Mutation, PALB2, Cancer, Biology, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Breast cancer, Germline mutation, medicine, RAD51C, Breast disease, Ovarian cancer
Abstract

Germline mutations in a number of genes involved in the recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks are associated with predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer. RAD51C is essential for homologous recombination repair, and a biallelic missense mutation can cause a Fanconi anemia-like phenotype. In index cases from 1,100 German families with gynecological malignancies, we identified six monoallelic pathogenic mutations in RAD51C that confer an increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer. These include two frameshift-causing insertions, two splice-site mutations and two nonfunctional missense mutations. The mutations were found exclusively within 480 pedigrees with the occurrence of both breast and ovarian tumors (BC/OC; 1.3%) and not in 620 pedigrees with breast cancer only or in 2,912 healthy German controls. These results provide the first unambiguous evidence of highly penetrant mutations associated with human cancer in a RAD51 paralog and support the 'common disease, rare allele' hypothesis.

Published
2010

4. The reduced expression of the HADH2 protein causes X-linked mental retardation, choreoathetosis, and abnormal behavior

Author

Charles E. Schwartz, Alfons Meindl, Claus Lenski, Heide Hellebrand, Birgitta Winnepenninckx, Daniela Loessner, Stefanie Engert, R. Frank Kooy, Edwin Reyniers, Juliane Ramser, Ronald J.A. Wanders, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, and Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases

Subjects
Male, Genetic Linkage, Choreoathetosis, Gene Expression, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, HSD17B10, Exon, Report, Gene expression, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Missense mutation, Genetics(clinical), Gene, Chorea Gravidarum, Genetics (clinical), X chromosome, Behavior, Mutation, Mental Disorders, 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases, Syndrome, Pedigree, Mental Retardation, X-Linked, Female, medicine.symptom
Abstract

Recently, we defined a new syndromic form of X-linked mental retardation in a 4-generation family with a unique clinical phenotype characterized by mild mental retardation, choreoathetosis, and abnormal behavior (MRXS10). Linkage analysis in this family revealed a candidate region of 13.4 Mb between markers DXS1201 and DXS991 on Xp11; therefore, mutation analysis was performed by direct sequencing in most of the 135 annotated genes located in the region. The gene (HADH2) encoding L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase II displayed a sequence alteration (c.574 C-->A; p.R192R) in all patients and carrier females that was absent in unaffected male family members and could not be found in 2,500 control X chromosomes, including in those of 500 healthy males. The silent C-->A substitution is located in exon 5 and was shown by western blot to reduce the amount of HADH2 protein by 60%-70% in the patient. Quantitative in vivo and in vitro expression studies revealed a ratio of splicing transcript amounts different from those normally seen in controls. Apparently, the reduced expression of the wild-type fragment, which results in the decreased protein expression, rather than the increased amount of aberrant splicing fragments of the HADH2 gene, is pathogenic. Our data therefore strongly suggest that reduced expression of the HADH2 protein causes MRXS10, a phenotype different from that caused by 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by missense mutations in this multifunctional protein

Published
2007

5. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO): evidence for a susceptibility gene located on chromosome 18q21.3-18q22

Author

Thomas Meitinger, Annette Jansson, Bernd H. Belohradsky, Alfons Meindl, R. Zahn, Juliane Ramser, Heide Hellebrand, and Astrid Golla

Subjects
Genetic Markers, Linkage disequilibrium, Majeed syndrome, DNA Mutational Analysis, Biology, Linkage Disequilibrium, Genetics, medicine, Homologous chromosome, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, Gene, Alleles, Genetics (clinical), Family Health, Haplotype, Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, Chromosome, Osteomyelitis, medicine.disease, Phenotype, Haplotypes, Mutation, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
Abstract

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is characterised by recurrent inflammatory lesions in the metaphyses of long bones and usually affects children and adolescents. Similarity with an autosomal recessive mouse disorder (cmo, chronic multifocal osteomyelitis) prompted us to perform a family based association study with two markers on chromosome 18q in the region homologous to the cmo localisation of the mouse. We found a significant association of CRMO with a rare allele of marker D18S60, resulting in a haplotype relative risk (HRR) of 18. This suggests the existence of a gene in this region contributing in a significant manner to the aetiology of CRMO and concomitantly demonstrates evidence for a genetic basis of CRMO for the first time. This gene is different from RANK, which is mutated in familial expansile osteolysis (FEO), but not in CRMO. Mutation screening in RANK and the genes PIGN and KIAA1468 led to detection of two variants (one in RANK and one in PIGN), which are in linkage disequilibrium with the rare D18S60 allele, but not independently associated with CRMO.

Published
2002

6. Germline mutations in the PALB2 gene are population specific and occur with low frequencies in familial breast cancer

Author

Marion Kiechle, Nina Ditsch, Helmut Deissler, Christian Schem, Heide Hellebrand, Alfons Meindl, Christian Sutter, Claus R. Bartram, Ellen Honisch, Rita K. Schmutzler, Eva Gross, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Norbert Arnold, Dieter Niederacher, Verena Gress, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Institute of Human Genetics, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], UKSH Campus Kiel, University of Kiel, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)

Subjects
Adult, DNA repair, PALB2, DNA Mutational Analysis, Mutation, Missense, Breast Neoplasms, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Germline mutation, Breast cancer, Fanconi anemia, Germany, Genetics, medicine, Missense mutation, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, CHEK2, Genetics (clinical), Germ-Line Mutation, 030304 developmental biology, BRCA2 Protein, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Nuclear Proteins, Life Sciences, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Codon, Nonsense, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group N Protein
Abstract

The Partner and Localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) protein has been linked to Fanconi anemia and breast cancer predisposition. Here we present data of a comprehensive mutation screening of the PALB2 gene in 818 familial cases of breast cancer from Germany. By analysing the entire coding region of PALB2, we found seven truncating mutations (six of them novel) in families tested negative for BRCA1/2-mutations. In addition, two novel potentially disease causing missense mutations were found. Remarkably, only one mutation reported previously in other populations, was also identified in the German population. No PALB2 mutation carriers were identidfied in 450 unaffected controls. Thus, our observations indicate a low prevalence of deleterious PALB2 mutations and a specific mutation profile within the German population. As PALB2-deficient tumors were shown to be sensitive to Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, our study has implications for newly developed, favourable treatment options in familial breast cancer. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
2011

7. Human TUBB3 mutations perturb microtubule dynamics, kinesin interactions, and axon guidance

Author

Ingo Meuthen, Janet Kerwin, Teresa de Berardinis, Alfons Meindl, Costantino Schiavi, Robyn V. Jamieson, Christina Pieh, Hagit N. Baris, Bettina Wabbels, Feray Koc, Wei He, Scott L. Pomeroy, Maree Flaherty, Joseph L. Demer, David A. Mackey, Emin Cumhur Sener, Jonathan B Ruddle, Lionel Van Maldergem, Louise J. Sabol, Susan Lindsay, Nicolas Uzcategui, Irene Gottlob, David F. Callen, Max A. Tischfield, Richard L. Robertson, Clara E. de Uzcategui, Thomas D. Bird, Janet S. Soul, Alex V. Levin, Marco Pastore-Trossello, Thomas Meitinger, Hans Ulrik Møller, Elizabeth C. Engle, Mary Louise Z. Collins, David G. Hunter, Maria Descartes, Edward J. Doherty, Mohan L. Gupta, Adriano Magli, Agnes M. F. Wong, Caroline Andrews, Chen Wu, Elias I. Traboulsi, Wai-Man Chan, Michael T. Geraghty, David Pellman, Anna Newlin, G. Rudolph, Heide Hellebrand, USA, M. A. TISCHFIELD, H. N. BARIS, C. WU, G. RUDOLPH, L. VAN MALDERGEM, W. HE, WAI-MAN CHAN, C. ANDREWS, J. L. DEMER, R. L. ROBERTSON, D. A. MACKEY, J. B. RUDDLE, T. D. BIRD, I. GOTTLOB, C. PIEH, E. TRABOULSI, S. POMEROY, D. HUNTER, J. S. SOUL, A. NEWLIN, L. J. SABOL, E. J. DOHERTY, C. E. DE UZCATEGUI, N. DE UZCATEGUI, M. L. Z. COLLINS, E. C. SENER, B. WABBELS, H. HELLEBRAND, T. MEITINGER, T. DE BERARDINIS, A. MAGLI, C. SCHIAVI, M. PASTORE-TROSSELLO, F. KOC, A. M. WONG, A. L. LEVIN, M. T. GERAGHTY, M. DESCARTES, M. FLAHERTY, R. V. JAMIESON, H. U. MOELLER, I. MEUTHEN, D. F. CALLEN, J. KERWIN, S. LINDSAY, A. MEINDLI, M.L. GUPTA Jr, D. PELLMAN, E. C. ENGLE, Acibadem University Dspace, Tischfield, Ma, Baris, Hn, Wu, C, Rudolph, G, Van Maldergem, L, He, W, Chan, Wm, Andrews, C, Demer, Jl, Robertson, Rl, Mackey, Da, Ruddle, Jb, Bird, Td, Gottlob, I, Pieh, C, Traboulsi, Ei, Pomeroy, Sl, Hunter, Dg, Soul, J, Newlin, A, Sabol, Lj, Doherty, Ej, de Uzcátegui, Ce, de Uzcátegui, N, Collins, Ml, Sener, Ec, Wabbels, B, Hellebrand, H, Meitinger, T, DE BERARDINIS, Teresa, Magli, Adriano, Schiavi, C, Pastore Trossello, M, Koc, F, Wong, Am, Levin, Av, Geraghty, Mt, Descartes, M, Flaherty, M, Jamieson, Rv, Møller, Hu, Meuthen, I, Callen, Df, Kerwin, J, Lindsay, S, Meindl, A, Gupta ML, Jr, Pellman, D, and Engle, E. C.

Subjects
Male, Models, Molecular, Nervous system, Cell Survival, Developmental Disabilities, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Missense, HUMDISEASE, Kinesins, Anterior commissure, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microtubules, MOLNEURO, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mice, Tubulin, Microtubule, medicine, Animals, Humans, Missense mutation, Amino Acid Sequence, Child, Genetics, Mutation, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Brain, Axons, extraocular muscles, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Protein Transport, medicine.anatomical_structure, biology.protein, TUBB3 syndrome, Kinesin, Female, CELLBIO, Axon guidance, CFEOM3, Neuroscience
Abstract

none 49 We report that eight heterozygous missense mutations in TUBB3, encoding the neuron-specific beta-tubulin isotype III, result in a spectrum of human nervous system disorders that we now call the TUBB3 syndromes. Each mutation causes the ocular motility disorder CFEOM3, whereas some also result in intellectual and behavioral impairments, facial paralysis, and/or later-onset axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Neuroimaging reveals a spectrum of abnormalities including hypoplasia of oculomotor nerves and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and corticospinal tracts. A knock-in disease mouse model reveals axon guidance defects without evidence of cortical cell migration abnormalities. We show that the disease-associated mutations can impair tubulin heterodimer formation in vitro, although folded mutant heterodimers can still polymerize into microtubules. Modeling each mutation in yeast tubulin demonstrates that all alter dynamic instability whereas a subset disrupts the interaction of microtubules with kinesin motors. These findings demonstrate that normal TUBB3 is required for axon guidance and maintenance in mammals. none M. A. TISCHFIELD; H. N. BARIS; C. WU; G. RUDOLPH; L. VAN MALDERGEM; W. HE; WAI-MAN CHAN; C. ANDREWS; J. L. DEMER; R. L. ROBERTSON; D. A. MACKEY; J. B. RUDDLE; T. D. BIRD; I. GOTTLOB; C. PIEH; E. TRABOULSI; S. POMEROY; D. HUNTER; J. S. SOUL; A. NEWLIN; L. J. SABOL; E. J. DOHERTY; C. E. DE UZCATEGUI; N. DE UZCATEGUI; M. L. Z. COLLINS; E. C. SENER; B. WABBELS; H. HELLEBRAND; T. MEITINGER; T. DE BERARDINIS; A. MAGLI; C. SCHIAVI; M. PASTORE-TROSSELLO; F. KOC; A. M. WONG; A. L. LEVIN; M. T. GERAGHTY; M. DESCARTES; M. FLAHERTY; R. V. JAMIESON; H. U. MOELLER; I. MEUTHEN; D. F. CALLEN; J. KERWIN; S. LINDSAY; A. MEINDLI; M.L. GUPTA Jr; D. PELLMAN; E. C. ENGLE M. A. TISCHFIELD; H. N. BARIS; C. WU; G. RUDOLPH; L. VAN MALDERGEM; W. HE; WAI-MAN CHAN; C. ANDREWS; J. L. DEMER; R. L. ROBERTSON; D. A. MACKEY; J. B. RUDDLE; T. D. BIRD; I. GOTTLOB; C. PIEH; E. TRABOULSI; S. POMEROY; D. HUNTER; J. S. SOUL; A. NEWLIN; L. J. SABOL; E. J. DOHERTY; C. E. DE UZCATEGUI; N. DE UZCATEGUI; M. L. Z. COLLINS; E. C. SENER; B. WABBELS; H. HELLEBRAND; T. MEITINGER; T. DE BERARDINIS; A. MAGLI; C. SCHIAVI; M. PASTORE-TROSSELLO; F. KOC; A. M. WONG; A. L. LEVIN; M. T. GERAGHTY; M. DESCARTES; M. FLAHERTY; R. V. JAMIESON; H. U. MOELLER; I. MEUTHEN; D. F. CALLEN; J. KERWIN; S. LINDSAY; A. MEINDLI; M.L. GUPTA Jr; D. PELLMAN; E. C. ENGLE

Published
2010

8. KIF21A variant R954W in familial or sporadic cases of CFEOM1

Author

Alfons Meindl, Anselm Kampik, Roswitha Gordes, Katharina Pollack, Heide Hellebrand, Michael F. Nentwich, V. Bau, and G. Rudolph

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External, Genetic Linkage, DNA Mutational Analysis, Kinesins, Physical examination, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Chromosome 16, Ptosis, Genetic linkage, Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles, medicine, Blepharoptosis, Humans, Mutation, medicine.diagnostic_test, Oculomotor nerve, Cranial nerves, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Fibrosis, Pedigree, Ophthalmology, Haplotypes, Oculomotor Muscles, Child, Preschool, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, medicine.symptom, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
Abstract

PurposeTo demonstrate the clinical characteristics and determine mutations in the KIF21A gene, encoding a kinesin motor protein in patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) type 1.MethodsPatients of five families with congenital fibrosis syndrome and two simplex patients with CFEOM underwent ophthalmologic examination and mutation analysis in the KIF21A gene.ResultsClinical examination and passive motility testing prior to surgery met criteria for CFEOM. All patients had congenital restrictive ophthalmoplegia primarily affecting muscles innervated by the oculomotor nerve. Complete mutation screening in the KIF21A gene revealed the presence of the known and most common recurrent variant R954W in three families and in two simplex cases. Two families demonstrated linkage to chromosome 16.ConclusionsThe patients included in the study had marked restriction of movement bilaterally with nearly complete loss of vertical ocular motility, graded reduction of horizontal motility, ptosis, and compensatory chin elevation. The phenotype was variable in patients carrying the same mutation. In one family, all patients were diagnosed with mental retardation, indicating that this syndrome might not only affect the development of cranial nerves, but can also be responsible for general neurologic dysfunction. The screening data suggest frequent and exclusive appearance of the R454W variant in sporadic and familial cases of CFEOM1 in Germany.

Published
2009

9. An L-type calcium-channel gene mutated in incomplete X-linked congenital stationary night blindness

Author

Bernd Drescher, Alfons Meindl, Tim M. Strom, Thomas Meitinger, Christian G. Sauer, Eckart Apfelstedt-Sylla, Eberhart Zrenner, Gerald Nyakatura, Krisztina Wutz, Bernhard H. F. Weber, Birgit Lorenz, Heide Hellebrand, Nadja Gutwillinger, Klaus Rüther, and André Rosenthal

Subjects
Male, DNA, Complementary, X Chromosome, Calcium Channels, L-Type, DNA Mutational Analysis, Molecular Sequence Data, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Biology, Frameshift mutation, Night Blindness, Genetics, medicine, Humans, L-type calcium channel, Amino Acid Sequence, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, Congenital stationary night blindness, Voltage-dependent calcium channel, Base Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Calcium channel, medicine.disease, Pedigree, chemistry, Mutation, Female, Calcium Channels, X-linked congenital stationary night blindness, Nyctalopin
Abstract

The locus for the incomplete form of X-linked congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB2) maps to a 1.1-Mb region in Xp11.23 between markers DXS722 and DXS255. We identified a retina-specific calcium channel alpha1-subunit gene (CACNA1F) in this region, consisting of 48 exons encoding 1966 amino acids and showing high homology to L-type calcium channel alpha1-subunits. Mutation analysis in 13 families with CSNB2 revealed nine different mutations in 10 families, including three nonsense and one frameshift mutation. These data indicate that aberrations in a voltage-gated calcium channel, presumably causing a decrease in neurotransmitter release from photoreceptor presynaptic terminals, are a frequent cause of CSNB2.

Published
1998

10. Missense mutations in the NDP gene in patients with a less severe course of Norrie disease

Author

Alfons Meindl, Heide Hellebrand, Thomas Meitinger, Peter Schmitz-Valckenberg, Helene Achatz, and Bright Lorenz

Subjects
Adult, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Genetics, medicine, Missense mutation, Humans, In patient, Eye Proteins, Molecular Biology, Gene, Genetics (clinical), Mutation, Base Sequence, Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative, General Medicine, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Child, Preschool, Female, Retinal Dysplasia, Norrie disease, Severe course, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Published
1995

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