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Background: Arts therapies are widely but inconsistently provided in community mental health. Whilst they are appealing to patients, evidence for their effectiveness is mixed. Trials to date have been limited to one art-form or diagnosis. Patients may hold strong preferences for or against an art-form whilst group therapies rely on heterogeneity to provide a range of learning experiences. This study will test whether manualised group arts therapies (art therapy, dance movement therapy and music therapy) are effective in reducing psychological distress for diagnostically heterogeneous patients in community mental health compared to active group counselling control., Methods: A pragmatic multi-centre 2-arm randomised controlled superiority trial with health economic evaluation and nested process evaluation. Adults aged ≥ 18, living in the community with a primary diagnosis of psychosis, mood, or anxiety disorder will be invited to participate and provide written informed consent. Participants are eligible if they score ≥ 1.65 on the Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory. Those eligible will view videos of arts therapies and be asked for their preference. Participants are randomised to either their preferred type of group arts therapy or counselling. Groups will run twice per week in a community venue for 20 weeks. Our primary outcome is symptom distress at the end of intervention. Secondary outcomes include observer-rated symptoms, social situation and quality of life. Data will be collected at baseline, post-intervention and 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Outcome assessors and trial statisticians will be blinded. Analysis will be intention-to-treat. Economic evaluation will assess the cost-effectiveness of group arts therapies. A nested process evaluation will consist of treatment fidelity analysis, exploratory analysis of group process measures and qualitative interviews with participants and therapists., Discussion: This will be the first trial to account for patient preferences and diagnostic heterogeneity in group arts therapies. As with all group therapies, there are a number of logistical challenges to which we have had to further adapt due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the study will provide evidence as to whether there is an additive benefit or not to the use of the arts in group therapy in community mental health care., Trial Registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN88805048 . Registered on 12 September 2018., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Introduction: Arts therapies offer effective non-pharmacological intervention for Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (SIMDs), encompassing both passive and active modalities. This review assesses their effectiveness and ethical considerations, focusing on music therapy, meditation, and Tai Chi. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a detailed search across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI identified 17 relevant RCTs. Utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality criteria and the PICO(S) framework for data extraction ensured methodological integrity. Results: Analysis shows arts therapies significantly improve sleep quality. Music therapy and meditation yield immediate benefits, while Tai Chi and Qigong require longer commitment for significant outcomes. Discussion: The link between SIMDs and mental health issues like anxiety, stress, and depression suggests arts therapies not only enhance sleep quality but also address underlying mental health conditions. The evidence supports a wider adoption of arts therapies in treating SIMDs due to their dual benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Arts therapies are widely but inconsistently provided in community mental health. Whilst they are appealing to patients, evidence for their effectiveness is mixed. Trials to date have been limited to one art-form or diagnosis. Patients may hold strong preferences for or against an art-form whilst group therapies rely on heterogeneity to provide a range of learning experiences. This study will test whether manualised group arts therapies (art therapy, dance movement therapy and music therapy) are effective in reducing psychological distress for diagnostically heterogeneous patients in community mental health compared to active group counselling control. Methods A pragmatic multi-centre 2-arm randomised controlled superiority trial with health economic evaluation and nested process evaluation. Adults aged ≥ 18, living in the community with a primary diagnosis of psychosis, mood, or anxiety disorder will be invited to participate and provide written informed consent. Participants are eligible if they score ≥ 1.65 on the Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory. Those eligible will view videos of arts therapies and be asked for their preference. Participants are randomised to either their preferred type of group arts therapy or counselling. Groups will run twice per week in a community venue for 20 weeks. Our primary outcome is symptom distress at the end of intervention. Secondary outcomes include observer-rated symptoms, social situation and quality of life. Data will be collected at baseline, post-intervention and 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Outcome assessors and trial statisticians will be blinded. Analysis will be intention-to-treat. Economic evaluation will assess the cost-effectiveness of group arts therapies. A nested process evaluation will consist of treatment fidelity analysis, exploratory analysis of group process measures and qualitative interviews with participants and therapists. Discussion This will be the first trial to account for patient preferences and diagnostic heterogeneity in group arts therapies. As with all group therapies, there are a number of logistical challenges to which we have had to further adapt due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the study will provide evidence as to whether there is an additive benefit or not to the use of the arts in group therapy in community mental health care. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN88805048 . Registered on 12 September 2018.

Introduction: Mental health care provided to offenders with psychiatric problems in forensic settings mainly consists of verbal oriented treatments. In addition, experience-based therapies are used such as (creative) arts therapies: (visual) art therapy, music therapy, drama therapy and dance (movement) therapy. There are indications for effectiveness of arts therapies, but a systematic overview of effect studies of all arts therapies in forensic care is lacking. Methods: First, we performed a systematic review. Second, Thematic Analysis was used to synthesize the qualitative narrative results and define the hypothesized mechanisms of change. Third, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of arts therapies in reducing psychosocial problems of offenders. Twenty-three studies were included in the review. Quality and risk of bias was assessed using EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project). Results: The included studies were heterogeneous in type of outcome measures and intervention characteristics. Synthesis of mechanisms of change involved in the methodical use of the arts in arts therapies resulted in a description of regulatory processes which are stimulated in arts therapies: perceptive awareness (interoceptive and exteroceptive), the regulation of emotions, stress, impulses, cognitions, social regulation, and self-expression. These processes play a role in developing prevention, coping and self-management skills. Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analyses (11 RCTs/CCTs; 7 pre-post studies). The meta-analyses indicated significant effects on both risk factors (psychiatric symptoms and addiction) and protective factors for criminal behavior (social functioning and psychological functioning). Effects on criminal and/or antisocial behavior were not significant, but this outcome measure was scarcely used among the studies. Discussion: The analyses in this study should be considered explorative. More research is needed to gain more solid conclusions about effectiveness and mechanisms of change of arts therapies in forensic institutions. However, the results of this first systematic review, synthesis of mechanisms and meta-analysis in this field are promising and show effects of arts therapies on risk and protective factors in individuals in forensic institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionMental health care provided to offenders with psychiatric problems in forensic settings mainly consists of verbal oriented treatments. In addition, experience-based therapies are used such as (creative) arts therapies: (visual) art therapy, music therapy, drama therapy and dance (movement) therapy. There are indications for effectiveness of arts therapies, but a systematic overview of effect studies of all arts therapies in forensic care is lacking.MethodsFirst, we performed a systematic review. Second, Thematic Analysis was used to synthesize the qualitative narrative results and define the hypothesized mechanisms of change. Third, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of arts therapies in reducing psychosocial problems of offenders. Twenty-three studies were included in the review. Quality and risk of bias was assessed using EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project).ResultsThe included studies were heterogeneous in type of outcome measures and intervention characteristics. Synthesis of mechanisms of change involved in the methodical use of the arts in arts therapies resulted in a description of regulatory processes which are stimulated in arts therapies: perceptive awareness (interoceptive and exteroceptive), the regulation of emotions, stress, impulses, cognitions, social regulation, and self-expression. These processes play a role in developing prevention, coping and self-management skills. Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analyses (11 RCTs/CCTs; 7 pre-post studies). The meta-analyses indicated significant effects on both risk factors (psychiatric symptoms and addiction) and protective factors for criminal behavior (social functioning and psychological functioning). Effects on criminal and/or antisocial behavior were not significant, but this outcome measure was scarcely used among the studies.DiscussionThe analyses in this study should be considered explorative. More research is needed to gain more solid conclusions about effectiveness and mechanisms of change of arts therapies in forensic institutions. However, the results of this first systematic review, synthesis of mechanisms and meta-analysis in this field are promising and show effects of arts therapies on risk and protective factors in individuals in forensic institutions.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020217884, identifier: CRD42020217884.

Accessible summary: There are different forms of arts therapy including music, dance and drama therapies.Music, dance and drama can help people with an intellectual disability to improve their wellbeing.To encourage the inclusion of music, dance and drama therapies in different services, it is important to look at their effects on people with an intellectual disability.Music, dance and drama help with self‐esteem, social skills, expression and management of emotions.Arts therapies could also increase social inclusion and self‐determination. Background: Arts therapies take different forms, including music, dance and drama therapies. Access to meaningful activities is limited for people with an intellectual disability. Music, dance and drama therapies could be relevant strategies to improve well‐being of people with an intellectual disability. To encourage the inclusion of these modalities in services offered to this population, it is important to look at the effects of music, dance and drama therapies for people with an intellectual disability. Methods: This scoping review aimed to document the effects of music, dance and drama therapies for people with an intellectual disability. Findings: 72 documents were selected and analysed. Depending on the modality of art therapy, various physical, emotional, cognitive and spiritual benefits were noted. Most of studies presented a limited sample size and had no group control. Conclusion: The use of arts therapy modalities music, dance and drama shows promise for people with an intellectual disability. The results of this study may contribute to the development of diversified and meaningful activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of music therapy in the Czech Republic is closely connected with the development of other arts therapies (AsTs). This cross-sectional study aims to provide a research-based description of the current state of Czech music therapy and offer comparisons with other AsTs. Data were obtained through a modified version of "The Practice in Arts Therapies" questionnaire, which was distributed to arts therapists registered with professional associations in the Czech Republic. From the total sample (N = 144), there were 50 music therapists. The remainder of the sample were drama, dance movement, art therapists, and combinations of these therapies (N = 94). Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed relating to work environment, client groups, and preferred therapeutic trends. Czech music therapy is closely connected to working with special needs populations in social care and educational environments. Practitioners follow humanistic, active/directive and artistic/creative trends. Significant differences were found between music therapists and other arts therapists with regard to the client populations (in their age and type of needs), and therapeutic trends. Czech music therapy has strengths in the area of special needs, but it will be important to achieve further growth, especially in health care. This may have a crucial impact on the formation of a common legislative framework for art therapists. We recommend repeating this survey in the future to see how the university-based program for music therapy will have influenced the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundOver the last decades there has been a change in the way schooling is perceived recognizing that children’s learning is closely linked to children’s health. Children spend most of their time at school, which is often the place where problems are identified and interventions are offered, not only for treatment but also prevention. Embedding arts therapies into the educational system may help address children’s emerging needs and have a positive impact on their wellbeing.MethodsA pilot cross-over randomized controlled design was employed to investigate the effectiveness of an arts therapies intervention on a series of child- and teacher-reported outcome measures, specifically, health related quality of life (assessed using a HRQOL scale; EQ-5D-Y), wellbeing and life functioning (assessed using the child outcome rating scale; CORS), emotional and behavioral difficulties (assessed using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire; SDQ), as well as duration of sleep (assessed using Fitbits). Sample size calculations for future large-scale studies were also performed, and the sustained impact of the intervention was evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. The pluralistic theoretical and therapeutic framework of this intervention was informed by a systematic review on school-based arts therapies interventions and is presented in detail in the study protocol. Participants were 62 children with mild emotional and behavioral difficulties.ResultsImprovements in HRQOL and CORS were greater in those engaged in the arts therapies intervention than the control groups and were maintained at the follow-up stages. Significant improvements were only found for duration of sleep (P = 0.002) and SDQ (P = 0.008). Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) as defined in the published protocol were found for CORS, SDQ and duration of sleep, but not HRQOL.DiscussionFindings indicate that the arts therapies interventions were having a clinically significant effect on life functioning, duration of sleep, emotional and behavioral difficulties. Findings also indicate a small effect size for health related quality of life, suggesting the intervention was having a small positive effect on this outcome measure. The study indicates that all outcome measures assessed here would be suitable for inclusion in a larger randomized controlled study utilizing these arts therapies interventions, and that a sample size of 225 participants would be required if these outcome measures were used.

Background: Over the last decades there has been a change in the way schooling is perceived recognizing that children's learning is closely linked to children's health. Children spend most of their time at school, which is often the place where problems are identified and interventions are offered, not only for treatment but also prevention. Embedding arts therapies into the educational system may help address children's emerging needs and have a positive impact on their wellbeing. Methods: A pilot cross-over randomized controlled design was employed to investigate the effectiveness of an arts therapies intervention on a series of child- and teacher-reported outcome measures, specifically, health related quality of life (assessed using a HRQOL scale; EQ-5D-Y), wellbeing and life functioning (assessed using the child outcome rating scale; CORS), emotional and behavioral difficulties (assessed using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire; SDQ), as well as duration of sleep (assessed using Fitbits). Sample size calculations for future large-scale studies were also performed, and the sustained impact of the intervention was evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. The pluralistic theoretical and therapeutic framework of this intervention was informed by a systematic review on school-based arts therapies interventions and is presented in detail in the study protocol. Participants were 62 children with mild emotional and behavioral difficulties. Results: Improvements in HRQOL and CORS were greater in those engaged in the arts therapies intervention than the control groups and were maintained at the follow-up stages. Significant improvements were only found for duration of sleep (P = 0.002) and SDQ (P = 0.008). Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) as defined in the published protocol were found for CORS, SDQ and duration of sleep, but not HRQOL. Discussion: Findings indicate that the arts therapies interventions were having a clinically significant effect on life functioning, duration of sleep, emotional and behavioral difficulties. Findings also indicate a small effect size for health related quality of life, suggesting the intervention was having a small positive effect on this outcome measure. The study indicates that all outcome measures assessed here would be suitable for inclusion in a larger randomized controlled study utilizing these arts therapies interventions, and that a sample size of 225 participants would be required if these outcome measures were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Art therapy and music therapy, as well as other arts-based approaches and interventions, help to mitigate symptoms in serious and chronic diseases and to improve the well-being and quality of life for both healthy individuals and patients. Artistic creation is also researched and practiced intending to empower and understand individuals, groups, and communities. However, much research is required in order to learn how arts-based approaches operate and to enhance their effectivity. The complex and simultaneous occurrences involving the dynamics of the creation work, the client, and the therapist in a typical arts setting are difficult to grasp, consequently affecting their objective analyses. Here we employ our Computational Paradigm which enables the quantitative and rigorous tracking, analyzing, and documenting of the underlying dynamic processes, and describe its application in recent past and current real-world art and music studies with human participants. We aim to study emergent artistic behaviors of individuals and collectives in response to art and music making. Significant insights obtained include demographic variation factors such as gender and age, empirical behavioral patterns, and quantitative expressiveness and its change. We discuss the implications of the findings for therapy and research, such as causality for behavioral diversification and audio-visual cross-modality, and also offer directions for future applications and technology enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Arts Therapies therapeutic actions fall into seven discrete areas in the treatment of people with a diagnosis of personality disorder (Cluster B). • Processing interpersonal experiences and processing emotions were the most commonly reported types of therapeutic action and perceived effect. • Literature reviewed suggests that there is an emerging practice based framework that spans the arts therapies. The objective of this study was to thematically synthesize literature about specific in-session therapeutic actions occurring for people with Cluster B personality disorder attending arts therapies. Studies reporting on arts therapies treatment for people with a diagnosis of personality disorder were searched in Embase, Medline, PubMed and grey sources until June 2017. Search yielded 167 records. 32 studies were included in the analysis. Data synthesis was conducted by using extracts from the literature search which were coded and then subject to a thematic analysis and synthesis. The codes were then discussed and agreed by the research team. The thematic analysis and synthesis resulted in seven overarching themes relating to: (1) Processing interpersonal experiences (2) Processing emotions (3) Developing agency (4) Symbolising (5) Structuring experience (6) Cognitive reappraisal, and (7) Developing a shared experience. This thematic synthesis provides some evidence that there are thematic similarities in terms of primary areas of therapeutic action and the relationship between the therapeutic action and the perceived effects of engaging in arts therapies. Our findings suggest that literature about in-session therapeutic actions focus mostly on processing interpersonal experiences and the largest frequency of coded excerpts concerning the perceived effect of engaging in arts therapies was in the area of processing emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arts therapies (AsTs) are considered a valuable intervention for people with eating disorders, however the range of research studies and the comparison between the types of arts therapies are unknown. The goal of the future scoping review is to explore the therapeutic outcomes addressed by arts therapists in research studies on people with eating disorders and compare the different types of arts-based interventions. This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Included will be research studies and sources oriented towards people with eating disorders of all ages and AsTs of any type (art therapy, drama therapy, music therapy, dance/movement therapy, and expressive therapies). There is no language/publication period limitation. The following databases will be searched: CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, MEDLINE (OvidSP), ProQuest Central, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Sources of unpublished studies and grey literature will include Google Scholar, MedNar, clinical trials, and current controlled trials. Titles/abstracts and full texts of studies will be assessed against the inclusion criteria, and the data extracted by two independent reviewers. Based on the results, we will compare the types of AsTs according to the research designs, country/settings, intervention methods/materials, adverse effects reported, and therapeutic outcomes related to AsTs.

The paper will draw on materials from arts therapies literature and comments from experts’ panels to discuss some specific characteristics of the arts therapies and to investigate the role of aesthetic engagement for resilience and mental well-being. The arts increasingly find their way as interventions in mental health domains. However, explorations into the specific mechanisms that underpin the therapeutic effect of arts-based activities are still scarce. Qualitative data were collected from a thematic literature review and expert comments on meaningful working procedures in arts therapies. Analysis of multiple data sources revealed core themes and core procedures that occur across arts therapy modalities. This paper presents a practice informed model of arts-based methods in mental health that may serve as a conceptual frame of reference for arts therapists and as study material on the applicability of arts therapy interventions for specific mental health settings.

Abstract: The music therapy is one among the four specialties of the arts therapies. It is known since ancient times and in every culture. Its professionalization is recent, in France as on the international level. This article presents a short history, basic theories, principal methods, what it is for, and how are its effects evaluated. The reader will find the debate on the place given to art in the therapies, and precisions on the new trainings (Master degree professional and research). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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• We present a model of arts therapies practice for mixed diagnosis community mental health groups. • This was developed for a trial involving art therapy, dance movement therapy and music therapy. • The model considers the specific role of the arts and common group factors. • Arts based workshops were used to develop a manual and practice principles for the trial. • The training and development methods may be of interest to wider arts therapists and researchers. Arts therapies draw upon many theories and models of practice, but lack consensus in shared factors of their provision. In preparation for a randomised controlled trial involving art therapy, dance movement therapy and music therapy, we used experiential and practice-based methods to develop a model and manual for mixed diagnosis arts therapies groups in community mental health care. Six arts therapists met over the course of a year to explore commonalities and differences in art, dance movement and music therapy groups. Arts-based and consensus methods were used to develop practice principles, which were expanded through workshops with arts therapists working in mental health services. A model, manual, training and adherence guide were produced, which incorporated role-play and video-based reflection. The model is underpinned by transdiagnostic and contextual psychotherapy theories. The manual outlines ten core principles, alongside 19 practice principles. Fourteen scenarios where therapists commonly intervene informed ongoing therapist training and development. This is the first model to describe practice across three types of arts therapies for mixed diagnosis groups in community mental health care. Whilst overall manual utility (including adherence) and effectiveness is yet to be assessed, the development methods may be informative for wider arts therapies groups and clientele. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arts therapies (AsTs) are considered a valuable intervention for people with eating disorders, however the range of research studies and the comparison between the types of arts therapies are unknown. The goal of the future scoping review is to explore the therapeutic outcomes addressed by arts therapists in research studies on people with eating disorders and compare the different types of arts-based interventions. This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Included will be research studies and sources oriented towards people with eating disorders of all ages and AsTs of any type (art therapy, drama therapy, music therapy, dance/movement therapy, and expressive therapies). There is no language/publication period limitation. The following databases will be searched: CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, MEDLINE (OvidSP), ProQuest Central, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Sources of unpublished studies and grey literature will include Google Scholar, MedNar, clinical trials, and current controlled trials. Titles/abstracts and full texts of studies will be assessed against the inclusion criteria, and the data extracted by two independent reviewers. Based on the results, we will compare the types of AsTs according to the research designs, country/settings, intervention methods/materials, adverse effects reported, and therapeutic outcomes related to AsTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Most primary outcomes were evaluated by adults instead of children. • Evidence of long-lasting effects is still unclear. • There is a need for the delivery of theoretically grounded arts therapies. • Future research should use outcome measures that have been validated by children. • Embedding qualitative and arts-based methods in experimental studies would be beneficial. Arts therapies have been widely used at schools for over half a century in an effort to alleviate and prevent children's difficulties. In contrast to talking therapies, arts therapies aim to facilitate personal change and growth through the use of arts media. Existing systematic reviews are limited to one of the arts therapies (namely either art, music, drama or dance movement therapy), focus primarily on adults with mental health difficulties and neglect child reported outcome measures. The current systematic review aims to identify, appraise and synthesise the available evidence relating to outcomes that have been reported by children in primary mainstream schools (aged 5–12 years old). Major electronic databases were systematically searched, specifically: AMED, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, Campbell Collaboration Library, WHO ICTRP, Cochrane library databases, including CDSR, CENTRAL, HTA (01/01/1980 until 31/03/2018 published in English). The search included grey literature, journals of arts therapies and information from experts in the field. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria; two pilot-RCTs, two quasi-RCTs, a cluster-RCT, a controlled before-after design, and a study with a grounded theory design. Three interventions were in music therapy, two in art therapy, and two in dance movement therapy. None of the studies in dramatherapy met the inclusion criteria. The interventions were delivered over 8–20 sessions, and lasted between 45 and 120 min, 1–3 times weekly. The sample sizes ranged between 14 and 138 participants, with a total of 358 participants. The interventions took place in USA, UK, Canada, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia. Children reported significant improvements from attending arts therapies on self-esteem, self-confidence, self-expression, mood, communication, understanding, resilience, learning, and aggressive behaviour, and small changes in the outcomes of depression, anxiety, attention problems, and withdrawn behaviours. The location, the delivery of arts therapies, the outcome assessments and the quality of the studies varied significantly, which taken together, suggests taking caution when interpreting the findings. What this systematic review does do is highlight areas for improvement in future research and practice based on evidence that is grounded on children's perspectives. The implementation of these suggestions could increase the benefits for children's health and wellbeing, and the wider inclusion of art therapies in national and international health-related guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper will draw on materials from arts therapies literature and comments from expert panels to discuss some specific characteristics of the arts therapies and to investigate the role of aesthetic engagement for resilience and mental well-being. The arts increasingly find their way as interventions in mental health domains. However, explorations into the specific mechanisms that underpin the therapeutic effect of arts-based activities are still scarce. Qualitative data were collected from a thematic literature review and experts’ comments on meaningful working procedures in arts therapies. Analysis of multiple data sources revealed core themes and core procedures that occur across arts therapy modalities. This paper presents a practice informed model of arts-based methods in mental health that may serve as a conceptual frame of reference for arts therapists and as study material on the applicability of arts therapy interventions for specific mental health settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]