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Inadequate health literacy decreases physical activity. This study aimed to develop and examine psychometrics of physical activity health literacy in Iranian older adults. This methodological work was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 consisted of extensive studies review and qualitative study to extract and design the items. The psychometrics were measured in Phase 2 included content, faceconstruct validities, reliability, and stability. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS (version 25.0) and AMOS (version 24.0). The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed four factors— information evaluation, reading skill, perception, and decision making—and used information that explained 70.08% of the variance. The model's fitness was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha was.89 with composite reliability >0.85. Stability was confirmed through the test–retest method and intraclass correlation coefficient (.89–1). Psychometrics of physical activity health literacy in Iranian older adults supported validity and reliability of the tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Knowledge-sharing behaviors among academic members in Iran were believed to enhance organizational sustainability. However, the current status of these behaviors was unknown due to the lack of a valid scale to assess them. Objectives: The present study was conducted to validate the Knowledge Sharing Behavior Scale (KSBS) among faculty members of nursing and midwifery schools in Iran. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study of scale psychometric type. The samples included 640 faculty members of nursing and midwifery schools across the country in 2021. Validation was performed through face validity, content validity by determining content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR), construct validity by determining exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), concurrent validity by determining the correlation between KSBS and Knowledge Management Questionnaire (KMQ) and Tacit Knowledge Sharing Scale (TEKS), internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's coefficient), and stability reliability (test-retest) were determined. SPSS version 21 and LISREL version 8.8 were used for data analysis. The significance level was 0.01. Results: Items were edited based on the comments of the target community. Content validity ratio for 28 questions ranged from 0.73 to 1, and all items had I-CVI values greater than 0.78. The results of EFA showed four factors, and CFA approved the construct homogeneity. The correlation coefficient of KSBS with KMQ and TEKS were 0.72 and 0.87, respectively. Cronbach coefficients for the whole scale and factors were higher than 0.90. Conclusions: Knowledge Sharing Behavior Scale was a valid and reliable scale to measure knowledge-sharing behaviour in the Iranian academic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: This study is aimed at translating the third version of the Atlanta Heart Failure Knowledge Test (AHFKTv3) into the Persian language and evaluating its psychometric properties. Methods: In this methodological study, the AHFKTv3 was translated into Persian and its face, content, construct validity, and reliability were assessed. Results: The content validity of AHFKTv3 items was >0.78 and the validity of the instrument was 0.96. The standardized factor loading value of all items, except for item 16, was >0.3. The scores of the AHFKTv3 and European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale had a significant correlation with each other (p <.001). The AHFKTv3 score had a significant relationship with the educational level. The Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 coefficient was 0.908. Conclusion: The Persian AHFKTv3 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing HF-related knowledge; therefore, it can be used in nursing practice to identify and address the deficits aiming for better patient care and in research to evaluate treatment and healthcare programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The aim of this study was the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale (CDMNS). Methods: The original CDMNS was translated into Persian using the Beaton's guideline. Its qualitative face validity, qualitative and quantitative content validity, its construct validity, and reliability was assessed. Results: Eleven items out of forty items were deleted due to factor loading values less than 0.3. Subsequently, model fit indices changed as follows: Chi-square value divided by degree of freedom (χ2/DF): 2.8, root mean score error of approximation (RMSEA): 0.07, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR): 0.06, comparative fit index (CFI): 0.93, goodness of fit index (GFI): 0.80, and adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI): 0.77. The Cronbach's alpha values and test–retest intraclass correlation coefficient of the 29-item scale and its subscales also increased after deleted. Conclusion: The 29-item Persian CDMNS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing Iranian nurses' perceptions of clinical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Compassionate care is emphasized within professional ethics codes for nursing and is a key indicator of care quality. The purpose of the present study is to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a compassionate care instrument for nurses. Methods: This methodological study was carried out in two phases -qualitative and quantitative-from February 2016 to October 2018. In the qualitative stage of the study, a content analysis approach was used to establish the concept of compassionate care through interviews with nurses, patients, and family caregivers. The initial draft of the questionnaire was developed based on the qualitative findings and a subsequent review of the literature. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed for validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS v.16. Results: From the results of the qualitative phase and review of literature, 80 items were extracted. In the quantitative phase, after evaluation of the face and content validity, 40 items were kept. After measurement of the construct validity, 28 items whose factor loading was above 0.4 were retained. Measurement of convergent validity showed a moderate correlation between the questionnaire and the nurses' caring behaviors scale (r = 0.67, P = 0.01). The reliability of the 28-item questionnaire was tested by measuring its Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient which were found to be 0.91 and 0.94 for the whole questionnaire, respectively. Conclusion: The questionnaire has enough validity and reliability to be used for measuring the nurses' compassionate care. Therefore, the instrument can be used to measure and record the quality of nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious perfectionism is a construct that may help to either improve mental health or cause mental health difficulties. The Religious Perfectionism Scale (RPS; Wang in J Relig Health 59: 318–333, 2020) is a useful tool for assessing religious perfectionism around the world, but its psychometric properties have yet to be tested in Iran. The sample in the present study consisted of 300 Iranian undergraduate students (180 females) from Azad University who completed the RPS, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-2, and the Moral Perfectionism Scale. The impact score was used to determine face validity, and the values of the impact score for all translated items were greater than 1.5, meaning that the items had satisfactory face validity. The Content Validity Index (CVI) values were above the acceptable cutoff score of 0.7, indicating the acceptable content validity of items. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) scores were greater than the cutoff score of the Lawshe table (.78), indicating the satisfactory essentiality of the items. To measure construct validity, the results of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using AMOS software confirmed the scale with two subscales (zealous religious dedication and religious self-criticism). No item was removed from the scale as all factor loading values were greater than 0.49. The findings support the psychometric properties of the scale for measuring religious perfectionism among undergraduate students in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The signed donor card is an important method to overcome the shortage of organs for transplantation. A valid and reliable scale is necessary to have with the development of interventions to increase the signed donor card. This study aimed to develop and psychometric testing of the Signed Donor Card (SDC) in an Islamic society. This methodological study was conducted in Hamadan city, Iran in 2018 on 600 employees of offices. A 46-item scale was developed. It was assessed by face, content, and construct validities. Reliability was examined using the calculation of the Cronbach's α and test–retest method. The SPSS software version 22 and Mplus version 7.4 were used for data analysis. Our scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.58–0.93) and good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.76). The fitness indices for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the model fit was good. CFA revealed nine standalone components including attitude, subjective norms, intention, anticipated regret, descriptive norms, perceived control, knowledge, non-cognitive beliefs, and religious beliefs. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were established. This study provided evidence concerning the validity and reliability of SDC scale. It can be used for the development and implementation of effective interventions for increasing signed donor card with the consideration of contextual and cultural situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and assess the validity and reliability of the English version of the Wexner questionnaire translated into the Persian language in Iranian patients. Background: Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders; therefore, it is necessary to utilize an index for both the clinic and research studies. Methods: In the first phase, the English version of the Wexner questionnaire was translated into the Persian language. In the second phase, the Persian version was assessed to evaluate the psychometric properties in 136 patients with functional constipation who referred to gastrointestinal and physical medicine clinics. Content validity was assessed by face validity. Construct validity was tested based on hypothesis testing and structural validity. The correlation of the total scores of the Wexner questionnaire and the Patient Assessment Constipation Quality Of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire was used for concurrent criterion validity. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).The floor/ceiling effect of the questionnaire was also evaluated. Results: The content validity of the Persian version of Wexner's questionnaire was acceptable. The construct and concurrent criteria validity showed moderate correlation. The internal consistency and intrarater reliability were moderate (0.51) and excellent (rp = 0.97, p-value <0.001), respectively. No floor/ceiling effect was seen. Conclusion: The Persian version of the Wexner questionnaire showed good validity and reliability in Iranian patients and can therefore be applied in clinics as well as in research for Persian-speaking countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-efficacy plays a major role in the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The original Cardiovascular Management Self-efficacy Scale (CMSS) was developed in 2016 in Italian patients with CVD; however, no such scale exists for Iranian patients with CVD. Objective: We translated the CMSS into Persian and assessed its validity, reliability, and psychometric properties in Iranian patients with CVD. Methods: This study was conducted for 4 months in 2017 on a group of consenting patients with CVD (N = 363) recruited from a cardiovascular hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. The reliability of the Persian CMSS was evaluated. We assessed validity, including face, content, construct, convergent, divergent, and discriminate validity, using the General Self-efficacy Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey Scale. Known-group validity was assessed among patientswith high blood pressure. Results: The PersianCMSS had acceptable face and content validity. No floor or ceiling effects were found for the total scale. Cronbach α was calculated as .68. Test-retest reliability was confirmed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC1,3 = 0.98, P < .001). Using exploratory factor analysis, 3 subscales were identified, similar to the original version. Significant correlations were found between the Persian CMSS and both the General Self-efficacy Scale (r = 0.94, P < .001) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (r = --0.35, P < .05). Self-efficacy measured using the Persian CMSS was statistically different between 2 levels of patients' health status (P < .05). Patients with hypertension had a lower level of self-efficacy than those in the healthy group (P < .05). Conclusions: The Persian version of CMSS provides a practical, reliable, and valid scale for evaluating self-efficacy in the clinical management of Persian Iranian patients with CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study evaluated the Gerontological Nursing Competence Questionnaire-Farsi version (GNCQ-F) in Iranian hospitals. Method: This exploratory sequential study used a mixed-methods design. The questionnaire items were developed based on a qualitative descriptive exploratory study and a review of the literature. The psychometric properties of the initial questionnaire including face validity, content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and stability were evaluated. Results: Exploratory factor analysis resulted in the extraction of 42 items in five factors including care competence and patient/older adult and family empowerment, ethical and compassionate care competence, patient safety competence, continuous professional development and self-care competence, and collaborative and team care competence. Cronbach's alpha coefficient confirmed the internal consistency of each subscale and the entire tool (0.942). The stability reliability was 0.973 and was determined by calculating the intra-cluster correlation coefficient. Conclusion: Nurses can use this self-evaluation instrument to assess their gerontological nursing competence. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2021;52(7):335–343.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Care and treatment adherence are important factors for given good liver transplantation outcomes. Objectives: Design and validate an instrument to appraise adherence to care and treatment in liver transplantation recipients. Methods: Amixed-methods sequential exploratory study was conducted in two phases from2017 to 2019, in the Liver Transplantation Clinic Tehran, Iran. In the qualitative phase, the concept of care and treatment adherence in liver transplantation recipients extracted by a conventional content analysis was performed on semi-structural interviews that were conducted on 18 liver transplantation recipients that were recruited through purposive sampling technique. Also, two physicians, one nurse coordinator of the liver transplantation team, and two family members were interviewed. The scale was developed based on operational definitions extracted from the qualitative phase. The validity was assessed by face, content, construct validity, and confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability was also evaluated by calculating test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha. The exploratory factor analysis was carried out with 286 filled the questionnaire. Results: Four factorswere extracted in factor analysis. These factors explained 45.622% of the variance. The final version of the scale consisted of 20 items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient reported as 0.889 for the total scale and the intraclass correlation coefficient was reported as 0.912. The confirmatory factor analysis led to a fittingmodel. Chi-square indices were reported as CMIN/DF = 2.34, NFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.96, and RAMSEA = 0.067. Conclusions: With a four factors structure, validity and reliability of adherence to care and treatment scale are acceptable; therefore, it can be used for appraisal care and treatment adherence in liver transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dealing with the spiritual needs of patients has been recognized as one of the principles of holistic care in nursing. Therefore, it is necessary for nurses to deal with the spiritual issues of patients. Also, a valid and reliable scale is needed to measure nurse-provided spiritual care. So the purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the "Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale" in Iranian nurses. Method: In a methodological study, English version of the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale was translated into Persian by forward–backward translation procedure. Face validity was assessed by cognitive interview, and content validity was assessed by a panel of experts. In addition, construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis. The participants were 188 nurses working in different adult wards. Reliability was measured using the Cronbach's alpha and stability reliability was assessed using the internal correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: In assessing the construct validity, two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were identified, which explained 58.47% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha value was 0.932, and ICC was 0.892. Conclusion: As a result, the Persian version of the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale shows a good validity and reliability. Therefore, this scale can be used to evaluate spiritual care at the bedside in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Elderly abuse is a major problem in developing countries and causes complications such as reduced quality of life, increased incidence of mental diseases and even death. Objectives. To evaluate the validity of a Persian version of the Vulnerability Abuse Screening Scale (VASS) in the elderly. Material and methods. This methodological study was performed on 200 older adults (aged ≥ 60) in Iran. Measurements included the Elderly Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale (VASS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS). Results. The mean and standard deviation of the studied population was 68 ± 5.8 years. After applying the necessary changes in the items at the face and content validity stage, the initial reliability was confirmed in a sample of 50 elderly with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.74. The initial tool model (12-question version) was not validated in the factor analysis process, so the second tool model (9-question version) was prepared and found to have construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in the 9-question version was 0.70, and the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.99. Conclusions. According to the study results, it seems that the Persian 9-question version can be used as a valid and reliable tool in the study and assessment of vulnerability to abuse in the Iranian elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Regarding health effects of probiotics and prebiotics in prevention and control of diseases and the lack of standard questionnaires in this field in Iran, objective of the present study was to assess validity and reliability of questionnaires designed to assess validity and reliability of probiotics and prebiotics in individuals aged 20-40 years in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: After verifying content validity of the questionnaires by eight experts in fields of nutrition, psychology and psychometrics, face and construct validities (in two levels of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses) were assessed and then the tool was validated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (due to the multi-value of the response spectra). Results: The sampling adequacy index was higher than 0.7, which was the premise of exploratory analysis. For all the items, the standard loading factor was higher than 0.3, and the T-value was higher than 1.96. Furthermore, fit indices in confirmatory analysis were at the desired levels (0/9 and greater), and validity was verified. Cronbach's alpha value was calculated higher than 0.7, and the reliability of the questionnaire was verified. Conclusions: Results of this study showed that the researcher-prepared food frequency questionnaire developed to assess the level of probiotic and prebiotic consumptions, especially in people aged 20-40 years in Tehran, includes significant validity and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare providers involved in an unexpected adverse patient safety event are affected by negative outcomes of the event and are called 'second victims'. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool has been introduced as a reliable and valid measure to assess the second victim responses and to support recourses of healthcare professionals. Aim: The core objective of this survey was to assess the psychometric attributes of the scale within Iranian nurse. Methods: Having translated the scale based on the WHO guidelines and assessing its face validity, a board of 8 specialists assessed the content validity of the measure. In order to assess the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire, a survey was conducted in 5 university‐affiliated hospitals of Urmia. Confirmatory factor analysis is adopted to assess the construct validity. The internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the scale were determined. Results: The Persian version of the scale consists of 29 items and 9 subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis illustrated that the scale reflects a foolproof construct validity. Cronbach α coefficients revealed the reliability of the scale (0.68–0.88). Conclusions: The survey proves to be a reliable and valid measure to evaluate the second victim responses and conceivable support resources of Iranian nurses or other Persian‐speaking healthcare professionals of the region. Implications for health policy and practice: Health policymakers ought to build up large‐scale surveys to determine the degree of second victimization of healthcare professionals so as to offer suitable support systems. Taking the scale into account would improve evaluation of the benefits of second victim support initiatives in nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual performance refers to activities served by sexual capacity and motivation. As a culturally sensitive issue, to date the scalar invariance of sexual performance has not been examined for Iranians with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Aim: To develop and assess properties of an instrument evaluating sexual performance of an Iranian population with SCIs., in Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center (BASIR), Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Using multi-modal methods, we developed and assessed the Sexual Performance Questionnaire (SPQ). This included collecting expert opinions; engaging with patients with SCI referred to BASIR; pilot testing to assess the scale; and a formal investigation. Participants (men = 156, women = 58) completed the SPQ. Internal consistency and reliability were measured using Cronbach's α coefficient. Content and face validity were examined by academic experts. Construct validity was assessed by examining convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, exploratory factor analysis was used to extract the factor structure of the questionnaire. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.77. There was a significant (p = 0.04) correlation (r = − 0.23) between the SPQ score and age. Those with a partner scored higher (p = 0.001). We found three components: Spouse as initiator, self-initiation, and genital-oriented sex which accounted for 59% of the observed variance. The face and content validity was approved by an expert committee. The development and application of the 13-item SPQ provides a thorough understanding of sexual performance amongst persons with SCI. It facilitates the development of efficient sexual rehabilitation interventions and SCI-specific sexuality education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women's experience and satisfaction with childbirth care are increasingly being addressed by health care providers, managers, and policymakers. Due to need for a validated special scale for assessing satisfaction of women with preterm birth, we aimed to translate and adapt the first specific tool, Preterm Birth Experiences and Satisfaction Scale (P-BESS), into Persian language and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: A methodological and cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary levels of maternal hospitals in Tabriz. The Iranian version of the scale was developed from the original English version using forward-backward translation. After confirmation of its face and content validity, the scale was completed by 201 women who had given birth prematurely. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors (staff professionalism and empathy, confidence in Staff, information and explanations) with eigenvalues greater than 1, explaining a total variance of 55.4%. Confirmatory factory analysis showed that the 17-item, three factor model fitted the data well: the root mean square error of approximation 0.060. There were moderate correlations between the total and sub-scales of Iranian P-BESS and overall satisfaction (r = 0.45 to 0.66), as well as need for improvement (r = -0.46 to -0.61), which confirm convergent validity. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the scale and its sub-scales were satisfactory (α = 0.852 to 0.922, intraclass correlation coefficient; 0.83 to 0.92). Conclusion: The Iranian version of P-BESS is a valid and reliable scale which can be used by policy makers, managers, health care providers and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a new Persian translation of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale. Background: Globally, one in 10 newborns are born preterm and many require care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A primary role of NICU nurses is to assure parents are well prepared to take their newborns home from the hospital. Assessment of parent perception of discharge readiness provides important input into discharge decisions. The availability of reliable and valid instruments tested within the geographical and cultural context is needed for a comprehensive assessment of predischarge readiness, so that parent needs can be identified and the necessary interventions designed and implemented. Design: This psychometrics study included a convenience sample of 200 mothers with preterm infants being discharged from the NICU of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran. The original 29‐item version of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale—Parent questionnaire was translated into Persian using the standard forward–backward method. Face, content and construct validity (principal components analysis), and reliability (internal consistency—Cronbach's alpha) were assessed. Methods followed STROBE criteria as applicable (see Appendix S1). Results: The content validity index and content validity ratio were both 0.93. Construct validity testing identified 6 factors (mother and infant physical–psychological readiness, expected support, knowledge of future events and care, knowledge of infant personal care, pain and therapeutic interventions). Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of the whole instrument was estimated to be 0.87. Conclusion: The Persian Readiness for Hospital Discharge—Parental Form for use with mothers of preterm infants being discharged from an Iranian NICU has acceptable validity and reliability. Relevance to Practice: This tool can be used before discharge to determine the needs of mothers and design the necessary measures to improve quality of discharge care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The precise measurement of childbirth satisfaction demands a reliable tool specifically designed for maternal care and birth satisfaction. It was designed to measure the degree of women's satisfaction with childbirth. The purpose of the present study was to translate and analyze the psychometric properties of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) in Iranian women. Materials and Methods: This is a methodological cross-sectional study. Five health centers in various regions of Kashan were affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Two hundred and twelve mothers who were referred to the health centers and had childbirth during the last year were included. The face and content validity were obtained after backward-forward translation of the Iranian version of BSS-R by 12 faculty board members in midwifery and reproductive health fields. The construct validity of the tool was determined using confirmatory factor analysis on 212 women in the postpartum period. The internal consistency and reliability of the tool was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS (version 16.0) and EQS 6.1. Results: The result of face and content validity was minor modifications in some words. Confirmatory analysis results indicated that there was an acceptable fit with a three-factor model. Cronbach's alpha was estimated for the whole tool 0.74, and the alpha of the three subscales ranged from 0.698 to 0.801. ICC for determining reliability was 0.77. Conclusion: The Iranian version of BSS-R was a reliable and valid tool for assessing the women's satisfaction with their childbirth care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Professional identity (PI) is a key factor behind nurses' ability to provide quality care. PI assessment requires valid and reliable tools. Aim: This study aimed to translate into Persian the 9-item Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale (MCPIS) and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian nursing students. Methods: In this methodological study, SMCPIS was translated into Persian through forward–backward translation. The face and content validity of the translated scale were respectively assessed by 10 nursing students and a panel of 10 experts. Then, 171 nursing students completed MCPIS and Nurse Self-Concept Questionnaire. Collected data were used for construct validity assessment through confirmatory factor analysis and criterion validity assessment through correlation analysis. Reliability assessment was also performed through the internal consistency and the test-retest methods. Findings: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed good fit model for the scale. Criterion validity, measuring convergent validity, assessment also showed a significant correlation between the scores of MCPIS and Nurse Self-Concept Questionnaire (r = −0.2, P =.07). Cronbach's alpha and test–retest correlation coefficient were.87 and.72, respectively. Students' MCPIS scores ranged from 15 to 54 with a median of 44 (in the possible range of 9–54). Conclusion: The Persian MCPIS is a valid and reliable tool for PI assessment. Further studies are recommended to produce evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Agriculture is one of the most dangerous industries throughout the world, and its risk level is dictated by several determinants whose real weights are often unknown. Objective: The present work aims to develop psychometric properties of farmers' occupational health behavior questionnaire for Iranian farmers. Methods: In this qualitative-quantitative study, the items of the instrument were derived from the qualitative phase. Face validity, content validity, reliability, and consistency methods were applied. Construct validity was estimated by the exploratory factor analysis. Results: Eleven factors with factor loads of >0.501 were extracted as the main factors. They altogether captured about 58.97% of the variance of factors affecting farmers' occupational health behavior. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed as its Cronbach's alpha was in the range of 0.72–0.93. Conclusion: Given the complicated nature of occupational health behaviors among farmers, it is imperative to measure the factors influencing these behaviors precisely. Therefore, the development of a proper instrument can be very crucial in identifying influential factors. The findings showed that the developed instrument was optimally reliable and valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop and validate a shared governance feasibility instrument in schools of nursing in Iran with respect to the nature of the profession and the sociocultural context of the Iranian community. Background: Nursing schools are liable to the application of shared governance due to the presence of various expert educational groups within the school that necessitates reciprocal cooperation. Since the concept of shared governance is culture-based and given that no full-fledged study has been conducted on shared governance in Iran, the development of a suitable shared governance feasibility instrument is rendered as mandatory. Methods: This sequential exploratory mixed-method study consisted of two qualitative and quantitative parts was accomplished 2016–2019. First, the primary items were extracted through an extensive review of the literature, qualitative interviews and underwent psychometric validation using a methodological approach. Face, content, construct validity and reliability of the instrument was established and completed. Results: One hundred fifty items were distilled from the first stage of the study, was reduced to 70 after establishing face, content validity and primary reliability. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in 52 items covering the two factors "shared atmosphere and culture" and "infrastructural prerequisites". These two factors accounted for 78.6% of the total variance of the questionnaire. In calculating the final reliability coefficient of the instrument, Cronbach's alpha and Omega were 0.981 and 0.805, respectively. The results showed an ICC of 0.91 indicating high reliability of the developed instrument with a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 10.43. Finally, the items underwent weighting via scoring by considering item weights due to differences between the two methods. Conclusion: "Shared governance feasibility instrument" can provide a new insight into organisational performance for all policy-makers and beneficiaries of higher education. This not only leads to the use of intelligence and capabilities of the beneficiaries, but also aids in faster movement toward achieving organisational goals. Implications for nursing management: This study and the developed instrument may serve as a guide for the feasibility of implementing shared governance to assess management styles and performance in higher education centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine validation of the Iranian version of the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS). Methods: This is a methodological study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted in 2016. A forward–backward translation method was used to translate the questionnaire from English to Persian and face, content, and construct validity as well as reliability were assessed. Results: The factor structure of the HECS through explorative Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed five factors that explained 64.7% of total variance. The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient was.86 and the Cronbach's alphas for five of the subscales were between.63 and.92. Conclusions: The Iranian version of HECS has adequate validity and reliability for measuring the hospital ethical climate in the Iraniansociety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Therapeutic communication (TC) between nursing students and patients is essential for providing high-quality care. Purpose: This study aimed to introduce a questionnaire for the assessment of TC among Iranian nursing students and to examine its psychometric properties. Methods: This mixed-method research was conducted in two phases of developing tool content and validation of the scale. Results: Five factors were specified, explaining 42.89% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure of the scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.83. Conclusions: The final questionnaire was a valid and reliable scale for the self-assessment of TC among nursing students. Furthermore, scholars can use this instrument to compare students' TC before and after educational interventions. Impact statement: Nursing students' TC questionnaire is a suitable instrument for assessing nursing trainees' TC and enhancing their engagement in learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a common chronic disease with a high mortality rate. Patients with CVD need to engage in cardiovascular health behaviors to prevent the complications of the disease. Objective: The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Cardiac Health Behavior (CHB) scale among patients with CVD. Methods: In this methodological study, a total of 325 patients with CVD were selected from public places in Tehran using convenience sampling. The instrument was translated based on the World Health Organization's (WHO) guidelines. The face, content, and construct validities were examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The reliability of the scale was also assessed using McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Data analyses were performed using Lisrel 8.8 and SPSS 20 software. Results: Using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), the five following factors were extracted: health responsibility, dietary habits, physical activities, smoking cessation, and stress management. These factors explained 64.96% of the total variance of cardiac health behavior. In Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the goodness of fit of the five-factor model for cardiac health behavior was confirmed based on standard indices (CFI = 0.92, IFI = 0.92, PNFI = 0.75, and RMSEA = 0.089). Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the internal consistency of the total scale was found to be 0.887. Conclusion: The five-factor model of cardiac health behavior showed good validity and reliability in patients with CVD. According to its good psychometric properties, the Persian version of the CHB scale reflected the importance of health behaviors in the daily activities of the patients with CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was done to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Elderly Hypertension Self-Care Index. Methods: This was an exploratory mixed method study. Items were developed through conducting a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach and comprehensively reviewing the existing literature. Then, the developed index was assessed for face, content, and construct validity as well as reliability. Results: Analyses identified four themes of self-care: intelligent acceptance, self-actualization in the pass of the disease, effective supporters, and destructive constraints. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that only 28 items were appropriate which were loaded on six factors, accounting for 45.035% of the total variance of hypertension self-care. Cronbach's alpha and test–retest intraclass correlation coefficients of the index were 0.80 and 0.96, respectively. Conclusion: The Elderly Hypertension Self-Care Index showed that it is a valid and reliable index in the elderly health context; and can be used for self-care assessment among elderly people with hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The existing literature supports the application of the principles of andragogy on patient education. But there is a lack of a suitable tool for assessing patient education's conformity with these principles. Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire that measures the degree to which the patient education adheres to the principles of andragogy. Methods: The primary instrument, consisting of 70 items, was developed after the literature review. The psychometric properties of the instrument were determined. The content validity of the items was assessed by an expert panel review. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the construct validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the internal consistency of the scale. A sample of 300 hospitalized adult CVD patients with a mean age of 54.93 ± 13.59 in 2 heart hospitals, were selected through convenience sampling method. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 statistical software. Results: After determining face and content validity, the questionnaire items decreased to 59. The exploratory factor analysis indicated the existence of 6 factors that accounted for 53.37% variance of the questionnaire. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit to a predetermined send of constructs. Analyses also indicated acceptable results for the internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha value (0.72 to 0.93). The final questionnaire was approved; this comprised of six factors with 40 items. Discussion: The psychometric evaluation of the APEQ resulted to a reliable and valid instrument. Translation to Health Education Practice: This instrument is helpful in assessing the adherence of patient education to the principles of andragogy, eliminating deficiencies and promoting the performance of health education providers in patient education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Persian Version of Children's Worlds Subjective Well-Being Scale (CW-SWBS) is valid and reliable. • Measuring children's subjective well-being transmits their perspectives, experiences, and arguments. • The Persian speaking children can participate in evaluating their subjective wellbeing using Persian Version of CW-SWBS. • The six-item Persian Version of CW-SWBS can be used for monitoring the subjective well-being of the children periodically. One of the basic priorities of any society is to improve the lives of children to have a better childhood and a good chance of living in the future. There are relatively few studies on children's subjective well-being. Subjective well-being includes various factors such as family, school, friends, positive life experiences, etc. The present study was conducted in Tehran with the aim of cultural compatibility and evaluating the validity and reliability of Children's Worlds Subjective Well-Being Scale (CW-SWBS) in the age group of 7–10 years. To evaluate the psychometric properties of CW-SWBS, the original scale was translated from English to Persian according to the instructions of the World Health Organization. The content validity of translated scale was determined by 8 experts in the field of children and the face validity was determined by 10 children. Then, to determine the construct validity, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed with a sample size of 820. The reliability of the scale was assessed using internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the stability of the scale was assessed by test and re-test using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The mean age of the children participating in the study was 8.8 years. Fifty-three percent of them were girls. The translated tool was validated with 9 subscales (family, children's financial status and assets, relationships with friends and other people, neighborhood, school, child's health status, time and leisure management, general feeling about children's lives and rights) and 73 items. The face validity and content validity of the CW-SWBS were confirmed. The results represented that the fit indices including NFI, AFI, RFI I < CFI more than 0.9 and AGFI, PNFI, SRMR, RMSEA are very suitable. Also, the results are reliable with Cronbach's alpha values of the total scale (α = 0.822) and coefficient (0.834). The Persian version of the multi-factor CW-SWBS is acceptable in terms of psychometric properties and can be used to measure children's subjective well-being in research departments, as well as raising the awareness of social workers, psychologists, counselors and health workers to monitor children's subjective well-being. Measuring different dimensions of children's well-being with a participatory method provides a basis for transmitting their views, experiences, and arguments that in addition to empowering children, an effective and useful operational guide in the social development process and achieving an acceptable level of well-being and health in different aspects of children's lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the fact that many infertile couples have to decide about whether or not to choose donor conception, there is no predictive scale for evaluating the process of decision-making on donor conception and its determinants in such couples. The present study was conducted to develop a decision-making questionnaire for selecting donor conception and assess its psychometric properties in Iranian infertile couples. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional validation study was conducted based on the method developed by DeVellis (2012) in four steps at Milad Infertility Clinic, Mashhad, Iran. The dimensions of the concept of decisionmaking were determined in the first step based on the qualitative results obtained from 38 semi-structured in-depth interviews. Items that were appropriate for the questionnaire were developed in the second step using the qualitative data and a review of the literature. In the third step, the research team reviewed and eliminated some of the items. The fourth step evaluated the face, content and construct validity of the questionnaire through exploratory factor analysis on a sample of 220 infertile couples using convenience sampling and investigated its initial and final reliability. Results: Based on the results of the qualitative study, a pool of 170 items was developed, 101 of which were eliminated after revision due to ambiguity, repetition or their poor face and content validity and initial reliability. The questionnaire was evaluated for its construct validity with 69 items. After the exploratory factor analysis, the decisionmaking donor conception questionnaire (DMDCQ) having 51 items and seven factors, was finalized. All the factors had Cronbach's alpha values of 0.75-0.87 and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) greater than 0.7. Conclusion: This study led to development of a valid and reliable scale for examining infertile couples' decisionmaking about whether or not to use donor conception as well as the determinants of this decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Designing cancer prevention programs needs information on knowledge, attitude, and practice of the community. Unfortunately, this information is not available in Iran. Materials and Methods: We developed a questionnaire (NUTCANKAPQ) to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Iranian women regarding cancer prevention dietary habits. We recruited women who had referred to public health-care centers in Tehran, Iran. To assess validity, we applied face, content, and construct validity methods. We performed test--retest approaches to assess reliability, and internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: Qualitative content validity was carried out by an expert panel, and internal consistency was deemed satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha, >0.6). We also observed high reliability in the questionnaire (ICC = 0.85). The mean (± standard deviation) scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice of study participants were 28.3 (±14.1), 67.1 (±18.9), and 53.7 (±8.3), respectively. The result of exploratory factor analysis, Kaiser--Meyer--Olkin (KMO), implied that the model was reasonably fit (KMO > 0.6). The final questionnaire included seventy items. Conclusion: NUTCANKAPQ is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of cancer-related nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice among the Iranian population. Application of NUTCANKAPQ may provide important clues for policy-making and improvement of cancer prevention programs among the Iranian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to develop a framework-based weight control behavior questionnaire (Weight-CuRB) and test its psychometric properties among a non-probability sample of 240 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Appropriate validity, simplicity, functionality and reliability were observed for the Weight-CuRB. The explanatory model fits the data well (χ2 [139] = 245.835, p <.001, CFI = 0.950, NFI = 0.901, IFI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.057[(0.045–0.068]). To our knowledge, this was the first study to develop and validate a framework-based instrument aiming at cognitive needs assessment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The weight-CuRB may be useful in addressing the core cognitive determinants of weight control among the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The health locus of control (HLC) can indirectly determine the health status. The current study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of Form C of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC-C) scale in pregnant women. Methods: 554 pregnant women participated in this cross-sectional study conducted in 2017; they referred to community health centers affiliated with Mashhad and Gonabad Medical Sciences Universities. Multi-stage random sampling was done. In this study, first, the questionnaire was translated into Farsi; then, face validity and construct validity were done through exploratory factor analysis, and concurrent criterion validity was also examined. Moreover, the reliability was assessed through internal consistency and stability methods. Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the MHLC-C scale consisted of four subscales, i.e. Chance, Internal, Other People, and Doctors, which accounted for 51.18% of variance. The results of the reliability analysis showed an acceptable internal consistency for the scale (Cronbach's alpha coefficient for subscales from 0.62 to 0.90). Also, the test-retest results showed good stability for all subscales other than Doctors (P<0.05). The concurrent validity of Forms B and C of MHLC scale showed a positive and significant correlation between subscales. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the MHLC-C scale had acceptable validity and reliability in pregnant women and is suggested as an applicable criterion for assessing individuals control beliefs with any medical or health-related condition in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food insecurity has a considerable impact on the social, physical, and psychological well-being of people and there is no food security assessment tool specific for Iranians. This study aimed to develop and assess the validity and reliability of an Iranian-specific food security questionnaire. Methods: The food security questionnaire was developed by five food security specialists by evaluating all available questionnaires (not specific to Iranians) in terms of applicability to Iranians. Furthermore, questions were developed from interviews conducted with ten families who were below the poverty threshold to understand how they described their food status. This questionnaire was administered to 200 households from different parts of Isfahan, Iran. Households were selected by multi-stage cluster randomized sampling. Households were categorized into 4 groups based on their score on the questionnaire; food secure (total score 0), mildly (total score 1-2), moderately (total score 3-7) and severely food insecure (total score 8-18). In the second stage of the study, 25 households were selected from each food security status group to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire by assessing sociodemographic, anthropometric, nutritional and biochemical parameters. Results: The prevalence of food security and mildly, moderately and severely food insecure were 24%, 33%, 27% and 16%, respectively. Content and face validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by experts, and latent class analysis confirmed construct validity. The developed questionnaire had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.91) and showed significant differences in hypothesized directions in food security status for sociodemographic factors. The prevalence of mothers, but not fathers or children, who had hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and hematocrit less than the normal ranges increased (P = 0.04, P = 0.02, P = 0.02; respectively) with food insecurity. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the developed questionnaire was a valid and reliable instrument to measure household food insecurity of Iranian families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: In order to effectively evaluate self-efficacy, a valid and reliable instrument is clearly required. This study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES) in hemodialysis patients. Methods: There were 404 patients who completed the ESES. The face, content, and construct validity were evaluated. The reliability of the scale was measured using internal consistency and construct reliability. Results: Construct validity determined one factor. The total variance was calculated at 48.13%. The confirmatory factor for the goodness-of-fit indices was χ2[(27, N = 202) = 106.70]. All the indices confirmed that the final model was a good fit. The convergent and divergent validity of the scale were regarded as being acceptable. The reliability of the scale was calculated as being over 0.7. Conclusions: Considering the established acceptability of the psychometric properties of the ESES, the Persian version of the scale can be reliably used for measuring self-efficacy in hemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lack of accurate menstrual knowledge, attitude, and practices leave female adolescents ignorant of the necessary health behaviors during menstruation. This study aimed to develop a menstrual health-seeking behavior questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior to evaluate its psychometric properties in female adolescents in Tehran. Methods: This study was conducted on 578 female adolescents aged 12-15 years in Tehran. The first draft of the menstrual health-seeking behavior questionnaire containing 52 items was developed based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The content and face validity of the questionnaire was assessed by a panel of experts. Construct validity was also assessed using exploratory factor analysis (KMO=0.73) with varimax rotation. Cranach's alpha and test-retest were used to examine the reliability of the questionnaire. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. Results: The content and face validity of the 42 items were finally confirmed. Content validity index was greater than 0.73 for all six TPB constructs. Explanatory factor analysis yielded an acceptable fit for the six-factor model (RMSE=0.053, 95% CI 0.042-0.064). These factors jointly explained 65% of the variance in the outcome variables. Cranach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.79 to 0.91, demonstrating an excellent internal consistency and high reliability of the questionnaire. Test-retest reliability was also satisfactory for all items (ICC=0.86-0.94). Conclusion: The results illustrate that the menstrual health-seeking behavior questionnaire is psychometrically adequate and highly reliable. This theoretically grounded questionnaire can be well applied in future interventions for female adolescents to assess their menstrual health-related knowledge, attitude, and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: There is no Persian scale for assessing the quality of life of patients with thalassemia major. Thus, this study was conducted to translate and validate the 36-item thalassemia-specific Transfusion-Dependent Quality of Life (TranQoL) questionnaire. Methods: The questionnaire was first translated into Persian and then was backward-translated into English. Afterward, panels of experts commented on the Persian translation, and then its face validity was confirmed and content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated. The factorial structure and the reliability of the translated questionnaire were assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and internal consistency method, respectively. Results: The CVI and CVR of the questionnaire were .95 and .84, respectively. Five items were deleted during EFA, and 9 factors were extracted from the 31 remaining items. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .9. Conclusion: The Persian translation of the TranQoL questionnaire is highly reliable and valid, and thus, it can be used as a specific measure for assessing the quality of life among patients with thalassemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapy-related symptom checklist for children (TRSC-C) was developed as a symptom assessment tool in children receiving chemotherapy. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of TRSC-C. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013-2014 in Tehran, Iran. TRSC-C was translated using backward-forward approach. The content validity, face validity, and comprehensiveness were investigated based on the opinion of experts. The item content validity index (I-VI) and scale content validity index (S-VI) were calculated by the mean approach and inter-rater agreement. The scale was revised based on the comments from a team of five experts, after which it was evaluated by an additional group of four experts. To assess the inter-rater reliability, two raters filled the scale with 29 and 30 patients in the outpatient clinic of Hara-e Ali Ashlar Hospital. The Coronach's alpha was calculated and factor analysis was performed. The scores of content validity were analyzed in Excel. Other statistical analyses were performed using the SEPSES software version 20.0. Based on the initial assessment, the S-VI with less conservative approach was 60% for clarity, 33% for relevancy, and 60% for simplicity. After revising the scale, the S-VI reached 100%. The comprehensiveness and face validity of the scale were appropriate. The scale was inter-rater reliable and the Coronach's alpha was 0.803. Eleven subscales were found in the TRSC-C. It is concluded that the Persian TRSC-C is a valid and reliable tool for measuring children symptoms. Availability of a valid and reliable checklist is a fundamental step in monitoring the symptoms of patients while receiving chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ethical conflict is one of ICU nurses’ main problems, which rise for several reasons that must be measured. Unfortunately, there is no native instrument for measuring ethical conflicts for ICU nurses in Iran. One of the more suitable and new tools for the measurement of ethical conflict is called the “Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire: Critical Care Version (ECCNQ-CCV).” This study was aimed to translate and investigate psychometric properties of the ECCNQ-CCV in Iranian nurses. Methods: In this methodological study, after translation and cultural adaptation, face validity, content validity, and construct validity were assessed. Then, internal consistency and stability were measured for reliability. Two software programs (SPSS version 20 and AMOS) were used for data analysis. Result: Face and content validities were acceptable. Confirmatory factor analysis was not fitted. Thus, exploratory factor analysis was done, which showed five factors. However, some of the scenarios in a factor were not compatible with each other, and choosing the fit name for factors was not possible. Thus, all the scenarios were put into one factor, which has been proposed by the developer in the original version. The alpha Cronbach was 0.92 for the total scale. Conclusions: Findings show that the one factor Persian version of the ECNQ-CCV has acceptable psychometric properties. It can be used to evaluate ethical conflicts in Iranian ICU nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI), as a disease-specific quality of life scale in patients with functional dyspepsia. Materials and Methods: Forward-backward translation was done. 80 patients with dyspepsia from the outpatient department of Imam Reza Hospital were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and face validity, content validity (CVR)(pls spell out), construct validity (Spearman's rrho), and reliability (test-retest and Cronbach's Alpha) were evaluated. Results: CVR was between 0.80-1, which demonstrated good content validity. Test-retest reliability was good with correlation coefficient of 0.89 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.96. Internal consistency revealed α value of 0.93, which was well above the agreeable value of 0.70. These both indicate a good reliability. Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.48. between all NDI items and subscales which indicates moderate to good construct validity.(it seems that this sentence is not complete because in this format it is meaningless) Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the Persian translation of SF-NDI (pls spell out the highlighted part) is a valid and reliable instrument to measure health related quality of life (HRQoL) in Iranian patients with dyspepsia. It also shows that HRQoL is significantly higher in patients with high school diploma or higher educational levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To develop an instrument for the assessment of safe nursing care ( ASNC) within the Iranian context and psychometrically evaluate its reliability and validity. Background There is a need for a valid and reliable instrument to assess how nurses employ the components of safe nursing care in clinical practice in non-Western countries. Method This methodological study was conducted in two phases: (1) a qualitative phase of instrument development, and (2) a quantitative phase of psychometric evaluation of the assessment of safe nursing care ( ASNC). The instrument's content validity was assessed by experts in the field of safe nursing care. The reliability of this instrument was examined using internal consistency reliability and intra-rater reliability analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was then conducted to establish the instrument's initial construct validity. Results The instrument developed was a questionnaire with 32 items. The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.92, and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient for intra-rater reliability was 0.78. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a four-factor solution: (1) evaluation of nursing skills, (2) assessing the patient's psychological needs, (3) assessing the patient's physical need, and (4) Assessing nurses' teamwork. The four factors accounted for 63.54% of the observed variance. Conclusion The ASNC can be applied to a wide variety of settings because of the broad range of methods utilised to generate items and domains, its comprehensive consideration of the principles of safe care, and its initial reliability and validity. Implications for nursing management The ASNC can help nurse managers assess whether clinical nurses are prepared to apply their safe care skills in clinical practice. It can also be used by clinical nurses to assess their own and peers' practice to detect potential areas for improvement in nursing care and help nurse managers with planning appropriate quality improvement programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Bayley Scales of infant & toddler development is a well-known diagnostic developmental assessment tool for children aged 1-42 months. Our aim was investigating the validity & reliability of this scale in Persian speaking children. MATERIALS & METHODS: The method was descriptive-analytic. Translation- back translation and cultural adaptation was done. Content & face validity of translated scale was determined by experts' opinions. Overall, 403 children aged 1 to 42 months were recruited from health centers of Tehran, during years of 2013-2014 for developmental assessment in cognitive, communicative (receptive & expressive) and motor (fine & gross) domains. Reliability of scale was calculated through three methods; internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, test-retest and interrater methods. Construct validity was calculated using factor analysis and comparison of the mean scores methods. RESULTS: Cultural and linguistic changes were made in items of all domains especially on communication subscale. Content and face validity of the test were approved by experts' opinions. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was above 0.74 in all domains. Pearson correlation coefficient in various domains, were ≥ 0.982 in test retest method, and ≥0.993 in inter-rater method. Construct validity of the test was approved by factor analysis. Moreover, the mean scores for the different age groups were compared and statistically significant differences were observed between mean scores of different age groups, that confirms validity of the test. CONCLUSION: The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development is a valid and reliable tool for child developmental assessment in Persian language children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 398 Iranian cancer patients completed the 15-item Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS). Tests of internal consistency, principal components analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to assess the internal consistency and factorial validity of the Persian TDAS. The construct reliability statistic and average variance extracted were also calculated to measure construct reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Principal components analysis indicated a 3-component solution, which was generally supported in the confirmatory analysis. However, acceptable cutoffs for construct reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were not fulfilled for the three subscales that were derived from the principal component analysis. This study demonstrated both the advantages and potential limitations of using the TDAS with Persian-speaking cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-efficacy is an important indicator of a woman's successful transition to her maternal role and an important predictor of a mother's infant care behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the maternal self-efficacy scale in Iranian mothers. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 437 newly delivered mothers who were referred to health care centers in Bonab, Iran. A simple random sampling was performed. The research instrument included maternal self-efficacy. Translation validity was performed using the forward and backward translation method. Content validity was determined in qualitative (assessment of experts' opinions) and quantitative areas using the content validity ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). Face validity was determined on 30 newly delivered mothers. To determine the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis was used. The reliability was determined in terms of reproducibility via Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) by test-retest and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). CVI and CVR were 0.91 and 0.94 respectively. Further, the reliability was approved both in terms of reproducibility (ICC = 0.98) and internal consistency (α = 0.89). Construct validity was confirmed using exploratory factor analysis (KMO = 0.90, Bartlett's test p < 0.001) for the scale. The findings supported the validity and reliability of the research instrument. Therefore, it is recommended that the instrument can be used in both clinical practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Moderate increase in physical activity (PA) may be helpful in preventing or postponing the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a health action process approach (HAPA)-based PA inventory amongT2DM patients. Methods: In 2015, this cross-sectional study was carried out on 203 participants recruited by convenience sampling in Isfahan, Iran. Content and face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. The comments noted by 9 outpatients on the inventory were also investigated. Then, the items were administered to 203 T2DM patients. Construct validity was conducted using exploratory and structural equation modeling confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability was also assessed with Cronbach alpha and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Content validity was acceptable (CVR = 0.62, CVI=0.89). Exploratory factor analysis extracted seven factors (risk- perception, action self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, maintenance self-efficacy, action and coping planning, behavioral intention, and recovery self-efficacy) explaining 82.23% of the variation. The HAPA had an acceptable fit to the observations (χ² = 3.21, df = 3, P = 0.38; RMSEA = 0.06; AGFI = 0.90; PGFI =0.12).The rangeof Cronbach alpha and ICC for the scales was about 0.63 to 0.97 and 0.862 to 0.988, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the present study provided an initial support for the reliability and validity of the HAPA-based PA inventory among patients with T2 DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: At present, there are no comprehensive validated instruments for measuring adolescents' beliefs regarding tobacco smoking in the Iranian society. This study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability and feasibility of the belief- based tobacco smoking scale using the Theory of Planned Behavior's (TPB) constructs as a theoretical framework. Methods: This cross-sectional validation study was carried out on 410 male adolescents of Hamadan, west of Iran, recruited through multi-stage random sampling method. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). In addition, Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA) were performed to test construct validity. Content validity was examined using Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Results: Results obtained from factor analysis showed that the data was fit to the model (χ²=391.43, P<0.001) and TPB consisted of 22 items measuring seven components which explaining 69.7% of the common variance. The mean scores for the CVI and CVR were 0.89 and 0.80; respectively. Additional analyses indicated acceptable results for internal consistency reliability values ranging from 0.55 to 0.92. Conclusion: The belief-based tobacco smoking questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument and now is acceptable and suitable and can be used in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study conducted in Taiwan which aims to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI-P). Topics include comprehensive and high-quality nursing care, critical care nursing and correlation between the total score for the instrument and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory criterion.