1. Plasma 24-hydroxycholesterol is associated with narrower common carotid artery and greater flow velocities in relapsing multiple sclerosis.
- Author
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Jakimovski D, Zivadinov R, Pelizzari L, Dunne-Jaffe C, Browne RW, Bergsland N, Dwyer MG, Weinstock-Guttman B, and Ramanathan M
- Subjects
- Carotid Artery, Common diagnostic imaging, Carotid Artery, Common pathology, Humans, Hydroxycholesterols, Recurrence, Multiple Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Oxysterols
- Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) studies suggest greater cardiovascular disease burden and disturbances in the cholesterol pathways. The potential impact of oxidized cholesterol molecules on MS is emerging., Objective: To determine the relationship between multiple oxysterol molecules and atherosclerosis burden in MS patients., Materials and Methods: A total of 99 MS patients (61 relapsing-remitting MS(RRMS) and 38 progressive MS (PMS)) patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs) underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the common carotid artery (CCA) was determined at three different levels before the bifurcation (C7, C6 and C5). Additionally, an echo-color Doppler ultrasound was performed and measures of blood flow velocities were derived. Blood samples acquired at the time of the imaging examinations were analyzed and 24-, 25-, 27-hydroxycholesterol (24HC, 25HC, 27HC) and 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) were quantified in ng/mL RESULTS: In the MS patients, higher levels of 24HC were significantly associated with smaller CCA CSA measured at all three cervical levels (r=-0.201, p = 0.046; r=-0.228, p = 0.023, and r=-0.215, p = 0.032, for C7, C6 and C5, respectively). These associations were driven by the RRMS group only (r=-0.407, p = 0.002 for C7; r=-0.414, p = 0.002, for C6; and r=-0.368, p = 0.006 for C5). No associations were seen in the HCs. Despite adjusting for the significant age effect (B = 0.445, p = 0.004), higher 24HC levels were independently associated with smaller CCA CSA (B=-0.20, p = 0.045). 24HC was additionally associated with greater time-averaged and peak diastolic CCA velocities. RRMS patients treated with potent anti-inflammatory therapies had lower oxysterol levels (p = 0.019)., Conclusion: Greater 24HC levels are associated with smaller CSA CCA and greater flow velocities in RRMS patients., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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