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Recoil resistance and muzzle disturbance are the key factors influencing the firing accuracy. In order to reduce maximum value of recoil resistance and muzzle disturbance, a rigid-flexible coupling system dynamics model is established for a large caliber gun. In the case of recoil mechanism and overall structure, the basic development module of ADAMS is used in conjunction with niche genetic algorithm to solve the multi-objective optimization function for gun recoil mechanism. Maximum value of recoil resistance and muzzle disturbance can be effectively reduced through optimization. The result shows that the proposed optimization method is reasonable and feasible, and can provide reference for optimization design of overall structure and recoil mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]