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Introduction: Mucocoele of the appendix occurs in 0.2-0.7% of people in the world without any well-defined clinical symptoms. It occurs when there is an accumulation of mucous in the lumen of the appendix., Case Presentation: We present three cases: a 48-year-old male admitted to the emergency room with a one-day history of right iliac fossa pain. Abdominal examination was suggestive of acute appendicitis. The initial abdominal computerised tomography scan was reported as being unremarkable. At surgery, a firm tumour of the appendix was found, and a limited right hemicolectomy was done. Histopathology confirmed a mucocoele of the appendix with borderline mucinous histology.The second case is a 63-year-old man who presented with a one-year history of abdominal distension and weight loss. Previous abdominal ultrasound was suggestive of liver cirrhosis with significant ascitic fluid. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging found an appendix mucocoele with infiltration of the omentum and scalloping of the liver surface suggestive of pseudomyxoma peritonei. A percutaneous biopsy of the omental mass confirmed metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix.The third case is a 68-year-old man who, during an annual medical check-up, had an incidental finding of a cystic right iliac fossa mass on ultrasound, confirmed on abdominopelvic computerised tomography scan to be an appendix mucocele. He had laparoscopic appendicectomy. The histopathological diagnosis confirmed a mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix., Conclusion: Preoperative diagnosis of appendiceal mucocoele is difficult and commonly discovered intraoperatively. The prognosis is good for the histologically benign type, but it is poor when malignant or peritoneal lesions are present., Funding: None declared., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None declared, (Copyright © The Author(s).)

Mucocele of the appendix is the accumulation of mucoid material in the appendiceal lumen. Although the terminology is imprecise, as it does not differentiate between the benign and malignant nature of the condition, preoperative recognition is imperative as spillage of the mucus during surgical handling can result in grave complications like pseudomyxoma peritonei. Mucocele developing in a stump of the appendix, i.e., a remnant of appendiceal tissue after surgical removal of an inflamed organ, is an extremely uncommon phenomenon, as not many cases are reported in the literature. In this review, all cases reported in English literature are discussed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Syed Muhammad Ali et al.)

Myxoglobulosis is a particular, rare, form of appendicular mucocele, characterized by the presence of numerous, occasionally calcified, globules that are grouped together like grapes, and look like pearls or fish eggs, in the appendicular lumen. The diagnosis of myxoglobulosis is most often fortuitous, but sometimes, can be made in the face of acute appendicitis or another setting of abdominal pain. Imaging (sonography or computerized tomography (CT)) is highly suggestive when it shows a cystic, encapsulated, oblong, well-delineated mass, containing (heterogeneous, liquid, and viscous) mucus with calcified globules. In contrast to acute appendicitis, the wall of the appendix is thin (<6mm) and there is no peri-appendicular inflammation. Long-term complications are similar to other appendicular mucoceles, including invagination, bleeding, perforation, peritonitis and peritoneal pseudomyxoma., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Starting from a typical case, we try to highlight the main critical elements, both in the diagnostic algorithm and in the therapeutic one. We hereby present a 54-year old patient, known with hepatic steatosis and renal microlithiasis, which undergoes an ultrasonography in ambulatory, on the background of unsystematised abdominal discomfort; the ultrasound reveals the presence of a tumoral mass in the right iliac fossa., (Celsius.)

Introduction Malrotation of the midgut and appendiceal mucocoele are both extremely rare pathological conditions in adults. To our knowledge, there are only two reported cases in the English literature with a combination of both conditions. Case History A 65-year-old man presented with a 10-day history of upper abdominal pain associated with abdominal bloating and weight loss. He was otherwise fit and healthy with no significant past medical history. On examination, his abdomen was soft with tenderness and palpable fullness over the left upper quadrant. The initial blood test, chest x-ray and abdominal x-ray demonstrated no significant abnormality. Computed tomography showed a 17cm x 8cm x 6cm elongated cystic mass with possible malrotation of the intestines. Histopathology showed a low grade mucinous tumour of the appendix. At 12 months following surgery, there was no evidence of recurrence or postoperative complications and the patient was discharged from the care of the colorectal team. Conclusions We report a patient with a combination of two rare conditions. This case illustrates how a combination of pathologies can present a challenge to the unwary general surgeon.

Mucocele of the appendix is an exceedingly uncommon pathology in the pediatric population that may present with abdominal pain or represent an incidental finding after routine abdominal imaging. Etiologies may be inflammatory or neoplastic, but all share the commonality of chronic appendiceal obstruction. Early diagnosis is critical for positive long-term outcomes because the operative management will differ from that of a dilated appendix secondary to acute appendicitis.

Mucocele of the appendix is an uncommon condition characterized by luminal distension and accumulation of a mucoid material. Occasionally, it can be caused due to malignancy like cystadenocarcinoma, and the preoperative diagnosis of which is very rare. We report a case of a 64-year-old lady presenting with intermittent abdominal pain diagnosed on ultrasonography as a mucocele where preoperative (18)F-flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (FDG PET/CT) findings raised a strong suspicion of malignancy. FDG PET/CT findings brought about a change in therapeutic plan, and the patient was considered for a more extensive surgical resection. The final histopathology revealed cystadenocarcinoma as the cause of appendicular mucocele, a finding hitherto undescribed on FDG PET/CT.

Mucoceles of the appendix are a group of mucus-filled lesions causing obstructive dilation of the ileocecal appendix. We report a rare case of giant appendiceal mucocele. A 48-year-old woman, with no discomfort, was admitted to our hospital after a mass was detected in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy on the basis of the clinical diagnosis of a possible appendiceal tumor. The final pathologic diagnosis was mucocele of the appendix.

Background: Appendiceal mucocele is an infrequent well-recognized entity that can present in a variety of clinical syndromes or can be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally., Patients and Methods: Nineteen patients with a diagnosis of primary appendiceal mucocele treated in our institution between January 1, 1987 and December 31, 2006 were included in this retrospective analysis., Results: The histological examination of the specimens revealed simple and hyperplastic appendiceal mucocele in nine cases (47%), mucinous appendiceal cystadenoma in eight cases (42%), and mucinous appendiceal cystadenocarcinoma in two cases (11%). Thirteen patients (68%) underwent appendectomy, five patients (26%) right colectomy, and two patients (6%) underwent right colectomy for invasive appendiceal cystadenocarcinoma and at the same time right nephrectomy and sigmoidectomy, respectively, for concomitant malignancy., Conclusion: Mucocele of the appendix may be related to a benign or malignant appendiceal process, leading to individualized diagnosis and treatment.

We present a 57-year old male patient with symptoms of an acute appendicitis. Surprisingly, preoperative sonography revealed an atypical cystic mass in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen with signs of sedimentation. Laparoscopy showed a ruptured appendiceal mucocele with peritoneal adherent mucus. The patient was treated with ileocecal resection. Histopathological examination revealed an infiltrating mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix. The patient will be treated with adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Despite typical clinical signs of appendicitis a sonographically atypical cystic mass in the right lower abdomen should raise suspicion of a mucocele, eventually on the base of a neoplasm.

Mucocele of the appendix is a rare lesion, characterized by distension of the lumen due to accumulation of mucus material. Correct preoperative diagnosis is seldom achieved. If left untreated, the mucocele may rupture producing a potentially fatal peritoneal spread. The type of surgical treatment is related to the dimensions and histology of the mucocele. In this paper, the case of a 49-year-old woman, with a previous appendectomy, suffering from a painful mass in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, is reported. Imaging showed a large, cystic structure at the base of the cecum. Surgery revealed a 8x5.5 cm calcified tumor, which was excided together with the appendiceal remnant. Pathological diagnosis was that of a mucocele arising from the appendiceal stump due to the development of a benign mucinous cystadenoma.

A 61-year-old woman with a 2-year medication-free history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was referred to our hospital complaining of right lower abdominal pain. The platelet count was about 3-4x10(4)/mm3. This patient was diagnosed with mucocele of the appendix on computed tomography and colonoscopy. We performed only right hemicolectomy without splenectomy. The pathological diagnosis was mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix. The platelet count increased to 18.1x10(4)/mm3 on postoperative-day 7, and remained stable, at 20-24x10(4)/mm3, for 14 months after the operation. Platelet-associated immunoglobulin G decreased remarkably after the operation, to 30.2 ng/10(7) cells, from 240 ng/10(7) cells preoperatively. We describe the first case of recovery from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura following right hemicolectomy performed for mucocele of the appendix. Considering our patients clinical course, it is possible that mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix may have influenced the thrombocytopenia. Findings in this patient suggest that mucocele of the appendix may be associated with a new diagnosis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura treatment.

The authors report the case of a 60-year-old male patient. In November 2001 he developed intestinal symptoms of bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. Colononoscopy and biopsy established the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (proctosigmoiditis). The disease activity was moderate at the beginning. No significant laboratory alterations were found (including CEA, CA19-9), and mesalazine was started orally. He was in remission until November 2003, when he was admitted to our Outpatient Clinic for upper and right lower abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Colonoscopy found proctosigmoiditis with a moderate activity, gastroscopy revealed chronic gastritis, laboratory data was normal. Treatment was amended with mesalazine clysma and methylprednisolone (16 mg) orally. Symptoms ameliorated; however, right lower abdominal pain persisted. US and CT examination demonstrated a pericecal cystic mass (11 cm x 3.5 cm). At first pericecal abscess was suspected, as the previous US examination (6 mo earlier) had revealed normal findings. Fine needle aspiration was performed. Cytology confirmed the diagnosis of mucocele. The patient underwent partial cecum resection and extirpation of the mucocele. He recovered well and the final histology revealed a cystadenoma of the appendix. Follow up was started. The patient is now free of symptoms. Although primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is uncommon, the authors emphasize that preoperative diagnosis of an underlying malignancy in a mucocele is important for patient management; however, it is difficult on imaging studies.

Appendiceal mucocele is a rare condition encountered it only 0.07-0.4% of all appendectomies. The male to female ratio is 1:4 and an average age at the time of diagnosis is over 50 years. Mucocele of the appendix is defined as appendiceal obstruction leading to lumen distension with accumulation of mucoid material. The disease ranges from benign forms to malignant cystadenocarcinoma. The cause of the obstruction may be classified based on histology into four groups. These groups include simple mucocele, mucosal hyperplasia, cystadenoma, and cystadenocarcinoma. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scan may suggest the diagnosis. The authors discuss two cases of simple appendiceal mucocele. A 48-year-old man presented with acute right lower quadrant pain. Ultrasound examination was performed and the structure in the right iliac fossa was reported as an periappendiceal abscess. The patient underwent acute exploratory laparotomy, which revealed an appendiceal mucocele filled with gelatinous material. It was performed ileocoecal resection. A 65-year-old man presented with abdominal distension and discomfort of several week duration. At laparotomy, a smooth cystic tumor of the appendix was found. This patient underwent appendectomy alone. Pathology revealed an simple appendiceal mucocele.

Background: Appendiceal mucocele (AM) is a relatively rare disease, and its sonograms (US) have not been sufficiently analyzed., Methods: We studied the US findings of five patients with AM, with special attention to AM size, shape, internal echoes, and the mode of back echoes., Results: All five cases showed an elongated mass in the lower right abdomen. Internal echoes were present in all cases and M-mode US confirmed the movement of those echoes. The echogenecity of the lesion changed according to the frequency of the transducer used. Only one case showed posterior echo enhancement, and no case showed lateral shadowing., Conclusion: AM appears as an elongated echo-poor mass without posterior echo enhancement. The cyst wall is less distinct than what one would expect for a cyst. When encountering such a mass in the lower right abdomen, one should strongly suspect an AM. In such cases, appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are especially necessary to prevent rupture that results in development of pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Mucocele of the appendix is a rare lesion, characterised by distension of the lumen due to accumulation of mucoid substance. Mucocele is often asymptomatic and is found incidentally during surgical explorations or ultrasonography studies. This report illustrates the clinicopathologic features of a case of appendiceal mucocele observed during an emergency laparotomy. The surgical treatment consisted in appendicectomy. Colonscopic examination subsequently revealed a left colonic precancerous lesion that was treated with endoscopic polypectomy. The case described underlines the importance of colonic surveillance in patients with mucocele.

We treated a patient with a complete invagination of the cecum which contained a mucocele of the appendix secondary to an obstruction by endometriosis. Preoperatively, a barium enema showed a crab's claw-like area without filling in the oral side of the transverse colon. An emergency laparotomy was performed and revealed a mucocele of the appendix to have induced appendicecal invagination; however, no colonic invagination was observed. An appendicecal resection was thus done. Pathologically, the resected specimen was a mucosal hyperplasia with mucin-secreting lesions of the appendix. The theories regarding the pathogenesis of appendicecal mucocele are reviewed and discussed.

Mucocele of the appendix is a rare lesion. Rupture of appendicular mucocele into the psoas is uncommon. We report a case of a 77-year-old man, with psoas tumor on abdominopelvic ultrasonography and computed tomography. The preoperative diagnosis was type III hydatid cyst of the psoas, psoas tumor or retroperitoneal mass. Surgical exploration revealed an appendicular mucocele ruptured into the psoas. Appendicectomy was performed with an uneventful postoperative course after 3 years. The authors discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic problems raised by this rare lesion.

Two patients affected by appendiceal mucocele underwent emergency operation in our Department. Clinical findings and surgical management of the disease are discussed as well as controversy regarding the pathologic classification of the disease. The term "mucocele" is not referred to an exact histopathologic lesion: it describes the gross enlargement of the appendix, due to the accumulation of mucus in the dilated lumen. Currently such lesions are classified as nonneoplastic or as retention appendiceal cysts or as mucous-secreting tumours; the benign forms are cured by appendectomy, the malignant ones often require right colectomy for technical reasons. Pseudomyxoma peritonei significantly decreases survival of patients suffering from mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, but it does not affect survival in case of mucinous cystadenoma.

We report a case of sigmoid colon cancer in which visualization of an appendiceal mucocele was unexpectedly found during 67Ga scintigraphy, and discuss a proposed mechanism of uptake.

The authors present an original experience of using an ultrasonography and a computer scan for a preoperative diagnosis of VP mucocele. The laparoscopy has been used as a method for the final diagnosis as for an appendectomy. The authors also describe their understanding of VP mucocele pathogenesis and their opinion about diagnosis and treatment of such kind of a case.

Mucocele of the appendix is a rare lesion (only 0;2-0.3% of all appendicectomies). It is characterized by distension of the lumen within mucus. Mucoceles are often asymptomatic and are discovered as an incidental finding either at surgery or during barium edema. There have been reports of other tumors associated with adenomatous change in the appendix. The most common association was with adenocarcinoma of the colon, which occurred concurrently in approximately 20% of patients. Preoperative diagnosis is rare. The therapy is surgical; or appendicectomy in the benignant lesions of right colectomy in the malignant lesions. The authors report a case of appendiceal mucocele associated with adenocarcinoma of the colon. That was occasionally observed during emergency laparotomy in perforation of cave viscer. We discuss problem that appear from the association of these two pathologies.

Retention mucocele of the appendix is caused by a variety of obstructive lesions such as postinflammation, fecalith, carcinoid tumor, and endometriosis. Appendiceal mucocele due to endometriosis is extremely rare; only one documented case of such condition has been recorded in the literature. We describe a young black woman who had abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Abdominal exploration revealed a small retention mucocele caused by endometriotic obstruction at the distal segment of the appendix. No evidence of endometriosis in other organs was found. The patient was asymptomatic after appendectomy.

A 58-year-old male patient presented with abnormal discharge of 200 ml transparent fecal mucus. Irregular protuberance of the ascending colon into the adjacent ileocecal region was observed by colonofiberscopy, and a cystic lesion in the ileocecal region was suggested by computerized axial tomography. Pale yellowish semitransparent jellied substances were observed exudating from the site of ileocecal resection. The diagnosis established was moderately differentiated colonic adenocarcinoma and a mucocele of the appendix. The mucus discharge disappeared after resection. Biochemical analysis of the mucus suggested the mucocele as a source of the discharged mucus. We report an extremely rare case of mucocele of the appendix that may be related to the cause of mucous stool.

Mucoceles of the appendix are a rare group of lesions thought to occur as a sequelae of luminal obstruction as well as certain benign and malignant neoplasms of the appendix. Early, preoperative diagnosis is rare. We report a case of an appendiceal mucocele in which the diagnosis was suggested by computed tomographic imaging and colonoscopy, and confirmed at surgery. Radiologic, endoscopic, and pathologic correlations of this rare entity are discussed.

The Authors report a case of benign mucocele which was brought to their attention for emergency treatment. Following a review of the literature, they examine the clinical, anatomopathological, pathogenetic and therapeutic problems related to this rare disease. In conclusion, it is important to assess the benign nature or otherwise of the pathology before proceeding to the most suitable and radical form surgery.

We report a case of mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix with myxoglobulosis associated to cecal adenocarcinoma. Appendiceal myxoglobulosis present typical gross and microscopical findings. The clinical diagnosis of myxoglobulosis should be followed by a careful evaluation of the patient in order to detect an appendicular neoplasm and/or an assoiciated occult intestinal carcinoma.