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Objective: To investigate the relationship between hypogonadism and mortality in aged hospitalized male patients. Design: A 5-year prospective observational study was conducted. Gonadal function was assessed at hospital admission and mortality was registered in the follow-up period. Patients and Methods: We studied all patients ≥ 65 years admitted for any reason during 2010 and 2011. Serum T concentrations were quantified in all patients. Hypogonadism was defined by the presence of serum T levels < 200 ng/dl. Number of deaths and all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality were registered until December 31st, 2014. Results: During the study 150 patients were admitted and 103 (68.7 %) of them died during follow-up. Hypogonadism was positively associated with mortality (P = 0.036). The percentage of hypogonadal patients was significantly (P = 0.02) higher in the group of patients who died in hospital compared with those who died after hospital discharge and those who survived. CV disease was the main cause of death in 52 patients (50.5 %). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a median survival time for all-cause mortality of 2.0 (0-16.5) months and 21.0 (5.0-33.2) months for patients with and without hypogonadism, respectively (P < 0.001). Similar findings were found when analyzing mortality due to CV disease (P = 0.009). Hypogonadism was a strong independent predictor for all-cause (adjusted multivariate analysis, HR 3.35; 1.55-7.23, P = 0.002) and CV mortality (HR 2.14; 1.18-3.86, P = 0.012). Conclusions: Hypogonadism discovered during hospitalization is associated with in-hospital and long-term mortality in elderly male patients and predicts both all-cause mortality and CV mortality in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]