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Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Many consumers use cosmetic eye products to counteract age‐related changes in appearance. Measurements of eyelid shape in Asian women have been reported in the frontal view or 45‐degree profile only. The aim of this study was to describe morphological characteristics of the upper eyelid in Japanese and Chinese females from the frontal and profile aspects and examine morphological changes with age. Materials and methods: Standardized digital photographs of 772 Japanese and 346 Chinese women (15‐79 years of age) were acquired in frontal and 90‐degree profile aspects. Eleven upper eyelid parameters (e.g., width, length, depth, aperture, and curvature) were measured using image analysis to determine age‐related changes and compare by ethnicity. Results: Eyelid width, area between eyebrow and eyelid, and eyelid curvature were comparable for both ethnicities under age 40, but the aging effect was more pronounced in Chinese subjects. Eyelid height, depth, and upper eyelid aperture angle were also comparable for both ethnicities under age 40, but the aging effect was more evident in Japanese subjects. Upper eyelid incline angle, eye orientation, and upper eyelid protrusion angle changed comparably with age for both ethnicities. No prominent age‐related changes were evident for eyelid length or area between eyebrow and eye with the eye closed. Conclusion: Upper eyelid morphology changes with age in Japanese and Chinese females, starting around 40 years of age. Ethnic differences are limited in younger age groups but become more prominent with age. The findings suggest that aging affects some upper eyelid features earlier than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The order Tetraodontiformes are one of the most unique groups of teleostean fish, exhibiting highly derived and greatly diversified phenotypes. It is a difficult task for both professionals and nonprofessionals to accurately identify these species only according to morphological characteristics. DNA barcoding can identify species at the molecular level to overcome the limitations of morphological classification. In this study, we collected 616 specimens of pufferfish from the coastal waters of China. According to the morphological characteristics, they were preliminarily identified as 50 species. Further analysis using DNA barcodes identified these specimens as 46 species, belonging to 23 genera, 6 families. According to the species classification results of DNA barcoding, the three species identified by morphology as Takifugu pseudommus, Takifugu chinensis, and Takifugu rubripes should be the same species. Similarly, Lagocephalus wheeleri is the synonym of Lagocephalus spadiceus. Another important discovery of DNA barcoding analysis is that there are closer interspecific genetic distances within the genus Takifugu. If T. rubripes, T. pseudommus, and T. chinensis are taken as one species, the average interspecific to intraspecific genetic distance ratio of Takifugu is only 6.21 times, which does not reach the DNA barcoding threshold of more than 10 times proposed previously. Although the interspecific genetic distance in the genus Takifugu is relatively small, each species can be clustered into independent clades in the NJ tree. In conclusion, this study not only found that there are synonymous phenomena in the order Tetraodontiformes but also provided molecular evidence for the valid species names of Takifugu rubripes and Lagocephalus Spadiceus. The results can provide reliable DNA barcoding information for the identification of pufferfish species, help solve the problem of classification confusion in this order, and provide technical support for the identification of the original components of related commodities on the aquatic product market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying sexual dimorphism facilitates better understanding of the general intersexual divergence of the same species and gives insights into the impact of selective forces on each sex. The sexual dimorphism in anuran external morphology or limb muscles has been well studied in reproductive context, but less so outside the breeding season. Herein, the intersexual differences in 12 external morphological characteristics, 11 forelimb and 12 hindlimb muscles of Hylarana guentheri during non‐breeding season were investigated. We found that the males possessed significantly greater head width and tympanum diameter, while the females had significantly larger body size and head length; there was no sexual differences in the examined limb muscles, except for the mass of flexor carpi radialis. The larger body size means greater fertility for the females, and the longer head may be related to the allometry and reduce resource competition. For the males, the wider head is likely correlated with prey size and male–male competition, and also, the larger tympanum and heavier flexor carpi radialis probably aid the productive success. This study provides the comprehensive morphological accounts about the sexual differences of H. guentheri during non‐breeding season, which will contribute to clarify the sex‐specific resource allocation and reproductive strategies of anurans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Considering the importance (Thymus vulgaris L.) and the effects of seaweed extract and salicylic acidpriming in increasing drought resistance at different stages of plant growth, an experiment was done as a factorial layout based on a completely randomized factorial design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Jiroft University (2020). Methods: Three levels of 100% (control), 50%, and 35% field capacity were considered as test factors for drought treatment, seed preparation and seedling spraying including zero (control), 0.3%, 3.5%, and 1% algal extract and 1mM salicylic acid, 2 mM salicylic acid and composition of algae, and salicylic acid extract were considered as second factors. Results: The results of this study showed a significant difference in examined factors such as germination rate, root, and shoot length and root and shoot weight treatment at a 1% probability level and in drought stress treatment of 35%, salicylic acid priming treatment had the best performance with an improvement of 6 traits compared to the control. The results of the foliar application of seedlings also showed that the highest shoot weights of seedlings were under the combined treatment of algal extract plus salicylic acid treatment. Conclusion: General results showed that priming and foliar spraying with salicylic acid had been more effective than algae extract on plant drought resistance, and of course, the combined treatment of salicylic acid and salicylic acid extract plus algae extract with a higher concentration is able to improve plant resistance to drought in the vegetative stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Source Region of the Yellow River is widely developed with meandering rivers of different channel width scales, which are characterized by high sinuosity, complex morphology, and dynamic migration. The spatiotemporal variations in morphological characteristics and lateral migration rates of these meandering rivers, however, have not been adequately studied quantitatively. The morphological characteristic parameters (wavelength, amplitude, and curvature) and normalized curvature analysis of the continuous bends of the main stream and tributaries ( Maiqu, Requ, Haqu, Gequ, and Denehequ rivers ) in the Black River were obtained using a combination of UAV aerial survey images and high- resolution remote sensing images, through the Inflection Point Method (IPM) and Mean Centerline Method (MCM) of Meandering Morphometrics Module, and calculate the lateral migration rate of the Black River. The results show that the IPM and MCM can quickly identify and statistically analyze the morphological characteristics of meander rivers. The number of bends selected by the IPM is more than that of the MCM in the same river section. In comparison to the average migration rate ( 0. 42 m / a ) of the mainstream, the average migration rate of the selected river sections of Maiqu and Requ rivers was 0. 52 m / a and 0. 64 m / a, respectively. The neck cutoff accelerates the process of lateral migration and affects the magnitude of migration rate to varying degrees. The composition of peat- type riverbank materials is an important reason which affects the migration rates of meandering river in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten nests recorded on the banks of the Seyhan River were transferred to artificial nests with the same specifications as the original nests (depth and diameter) on Akyatan Beach due to the high predation rate along the banks of the Seyhan River. The mean clutch size in the relocated nests was 36.6 ±13.2 eggs, nest depth 43.4±5.4 cm, and nest diameter 17.0±2.1 cm. The mean diameter of the eggs was 33.6 ±1.4 mm, and the weight was 21.5 ±2.7 g. The nests differed significantly in terms of egg diameter and weight. A positive correlation was found between nest depth and clutch size. A very strong positive correlation was found between egg diameter and egg weight. Of the total 366 eggs, 7.65% were empty shells/hatched, 0.82% were not hatched, and 91.53% (82.79% early, 6.28% middle, and 2.46% late stage) remained in the embryonic stage. The mean carapace length, carapace width, plastron length, and plastron width of the 28 hatchlings were 43.2±1.9 mm, 42.2±2.2 mm, 33.6±1.6 mm, and 33.8±1.7 mm, respectively. Significant differences were detected for seven morphological characteristics of the hatchlings that emerged from the two nests. Also, significant differences were found for seven morphometric characteristics when hatchlings from this study were compared with the western Anatolian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nebkhas play a tremendous role in maintaining the ecological functions of deserts and in slowing land desertification processes. Numerous nebkhas are distributed in the northwestern edge of the Ulan Buh desert, Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas are the most typical dunes in this area. However, our knowledge of the effect of those factors on the succession of nebkhas, including their succession in different sandy land types, is limited. The goal of this study was to reveal their factors influencing the morphological characteristics of N. tangutorum nebkhas in different sandy land types (shifting sandy land, semi-fixed sandy land, and fixed sandy land) in the Ulan Buh desert. Our results showed the densities of N. tangutorum nebkhas were 34, 51, and 77 dunes per ha in the shifting, semi-fixed, and fixed sandy lands, respectively. The density of N. tangutorum nebkhas gradually increased and N. tangutorum nebkhas started to degenerate with the increasing fixation of sandy land. The successional stage had significant effects on all the morphological characteristics, and sandy land types had significant effects on the length (L), height (H), volume (V), horizontal scale (D) and ratio of width to height (H/W). Almost all of the morphological parameters of N. tangutorum nebkhas were correlated at different successional stages, indicating a strong interrelationship among the morphological parameters of nebkhas. The successional stages of N. tangutorum nebkhas had significant effects on the density of branch (M), height (h), coverage (C), deadwood rate (DR), and length of new branches (LB) of the N. tangutorum shrub. The M, h, C, and LB first increased and then decreased, and DR increased with the succession of N. tangutorum nebkhas. These results indicated that we should focus on nebkhas succession to ensure the ecological stability of oases in a dessert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb., also known as "cherry silverberry", "cherry elaeagnus", and "goumi" has been used for a long time in traditional Chinese medicine as a phytosterol-rich plant. Today, the fruits of this species are also becoming more popular as a "superfood" in Europe, but the cultivation of these plants is not yet carried out on a large commercial scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and morphological quality of the fruit of nine E. multiflora biotypes and two cultivars, 'Jahidka' and 'Sweet Scarlet', to determine their suitability for cultivation in the climatic conditions of Poland. The lowest yields (an average of 0.49 kg per bush) were recorded in 2021. In this year, the fruits of the biotypes and cultivars were distinguished by the highest mean fruit weight, fruit-to-seed weight ratio, and total soluble solids content. Our research shows that due to the greatest weight of fruits, cultivar 'Jahidka' and the biotype B11 can be recommended for cultivation in north-eastern Poland. Biotype B11 was distinguished by the highest yield (an average of 4.02 kg per bush). The smallest share of stone in relation to the weight of the fruit was shown for the cultivars 'Jahidka', and biotype B4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taraxacum germplasm resources in northeastern China are not current and do not accurately reflect the actual distribution of the species. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological traits of Taraxacum species distributed in northeastern China and identify those that will facilitate their classification in this region. Leaf, flower, and achene characteristics of 18 species were used for morphological classification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine pollen morphology. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were analyzed to determine sequence differences among the species and their utility in delimitation. Taxa were classified into groups based on their morphology. The ITS sequence analysis supported the taxon classification, but the genetic distances among the taxa did not reflect morphological differences. Phylogenetic analysis was used to divide the 18 species into three groups. Group I: T. coreanum (which has white flowers). Group Ⅱ: T. heterolepis, T. sinomongolicum, T. variegatum, T. asiaticum var. lonchophyllum, T. falcilobum, T. brassicaefolium, and T. erythropodium (outer involucre bracts, narrow membranous or nonmembranous). Group Ⅲ: T. formosanum, T. liaotungense, T. mongolicum, T. borealisinense, T. ohwianum, T. platypecidum, T. urbanum, T. antungense, T. asiaticum, and T. junpeianum (outer involucre bracts, broad membranous). The main taxonomic characteristics of Taraxacum floral organs and achene morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article concerned on particle morphology of mineral filler and its impact on mastic cracking property at low temperatures. Limestone and granite fillers with four-sized groups were prepared and further investigated using a simplex-centroid experimental design. The particle morphologies of each filler were captured using a digital image processing. By applying bending beam rheometer tests, mastic cracking behavior was investigated at low temperatures. Results show that compared with granite filler, each limestone filler shows less regular contour shape (except l 1), less abundant angularity (except l 1 , l 2 , l 5 and l 17) and surface texture when performed by a simplex-centroid experimental design. The established fractional derivative Burgers model considering creep damage can effectively describe mastic cracking behavior at low temperatures. Composite fractal dimension is the decisively relevant factor with mastic relaxation behavior. Moreover, mastic creep damage is obviously affected by composite morphology characteristics and filler lithology with increasing loading time. All the results are instructive to inform researches of the selection of mineral filler with appropriate particle morphology that will produce asphalt materials with desired performance. [Display omitted] • Simplex-centroid experimental design was used for filler size fraction composition. • Cracking behavior of mastics with various particle morphologies was elaborated. • Fractional derivative Burgers model considering creep damage was created. • Effects of particle morphology on damage factor were investigated. • Effects of particle morphology on relaxation time were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ingestion of Paramecium on Raphidiopsis mainly aimed at short-length filaments. • The growth and carrying capacity of Paramecium were related to its initial density. • Raphidiopsis filament length and biovolme were enhanced by high-density Paramecium. • Higher density of Paramecium aggravated the decline of Raphidiopsis photosynthesis. • Morphology and photosynthesis of Raphidiopsis were related to grazing stress. Raphidiopsis blooms are notorious for cyanotoxin formation and strong invasiveness, threatening the stability of aquatic ecosystems and human health. The protozoa Paramecium can potentially serve as an organism for controlling Raphidiopsis blooms owing to its grazing effect. However, the grazing ability of Paramecium is largely determined by the size of the prey, and the population of Raphidiopsis consists of filaments of varying lengths and sizes. The selective grazing behavior of Paramecium toward short-length or small-sized filaments in the Raphidiopsis population, as opposed to long filaments, remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we co-cultured the predator Paramecium sp. with different initial abundances and the prey Raphidiopsis raciborskii to explore this knowledge gap. Our results suggested that: (1) the population of R. raciborskii declined under the selective grazing effect of Paramecium sp. on short filaments, whereas R. raciborskii with long filaments survived; (2) the growth of Paramecium sp. feeding on the same abundance of R. raciborskii was reduced at higher initial abundances, whereas its carrying capacity exhibited an opposite trend; (3) under ingestion by Paramecium sp., the morphology of R. raciborskii developed in the direction of becoming larger, and higher initial abundances of Paramecium sp. intensified this process; (4) increasing initial abundance of Paramecium sp. aggravated the decline of R. raciborskii photosynthetic activity. Therefore, the grazing effect of Paramecium sp. on R. raciborskii mainly affects filaments of short length or small size. Collectively, these results clarify the inter-species interaction between the protozoa Paramecium and filamentous cyanobacteria Raphidiopsis , including population dynamics and morphological and physiological changes in the predator and prey. Such insights into the interactions between Paramecium and R. raciborskii may have implications for the biological control of blooms caused by filamentous cyanobacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the oasis-desert ecotone, nebkhas are of great importance for blocking the intrusion of shifting sand and maintaining the ecological security of oases. The morphological characteristics of nebkhas have been widely researched. However, their spatial distribution and morphological variation with the environment remain unclear. In this paper, we systematically analyzed the spatial distribution pattern, morphological changes, and potential indicative significance of Tamarix ramosissima nebkhas (that is, nebkhas formed around T. ramosissima) in a typical oasis-desert ecotone in Northwest China. Our results showed that the intensity of aeolian activities increased from the inside to the outside of the ecotone, and only T. ramosissima shrubs with high tolerance to aeolian activities could survive. Moreover, from the inside to the outside of the ecotone, the density of the T. ramosissima nebkhas decreased, their size increased, and spatial distribution shifted from aggregation to random. The T. ramosissima shrub can trap aeolian transport and protect nebkhas, leading to sand accumulation in the space between, and leeward edges of, the shrubs. Wind erosion mainly occurs to the windward side and along the sides of the nebkhas. Further, the protective effect of the shrub gradually increased with its growth in a year, resulting in the gradually changed of nebkha surface from wind erosion to sand accumulation, and the nebkha volume showed a fluctuating state of first decreasing and then increasing. This indicates that wind erosion and sand accumulation on the nebkha surface were closely related to the growth cycle of the shrub. In addition, nebkhas exhibited a spatial pattern of growth, inside of the ecotone, to degradation, outside of the ecotone. These results indicate that we should focus on the outside of the ecotone to ensure the ecological stability of oases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Lots of researches by domestic and foreign scholars have confirmed that the asymmetry of facet joint surface or the articular angles might cause the degeneration of the facet joints, and the articular spondylolisthesis. But most of the studies focus on the adult. It has been confirmed that the most common cause of the cervical disease, of the osteoarthritis, of the neurovascular compression or even the paralysis is the pathological changes of facet joint for people as they grow older. There are few studies on the facet joints in children. OBJECTIVE: To explore the cervical joint facet morphology development characteristics and age-related changes by collecting the CT scanning data of cervical vertebrae in children aged 7-12 years old, three-dimensional reconstruction and cervical facet joint morphology measurement and analysis. METHODS: Through collecting the data of multi-layers spiral CT scan of children in the First Affiliated Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University and Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital from September 2013 to September 2015, 99 cases of cervical structures were selected. Then DICOM format of original data were imported in Mimics software for three-dimensional reconstruction. Morphological measurement was conducted on the three-dimensional model. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Inner Mongolia Medical University on March 11, 2015, approval No. YKD2015049. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The length of children cervical joint facet was on a rise with age and a decreasing trend with ordinal number of vertebrae. (2) The width of children middle upper cervical joint facet showed 'V" type. The width of children lower cervical joint facet increased with the increase of vertebral order. (3) The trend of distance between articular tubercles was "spike" shape. (4) The coronal angle of joint facet presented to be "V" shape. (5) The sagittal angle of joint facet was in inverted "V' shape. (6) In summary, there is no asymmetry of articular process in the morphological characteristics of cervical facet joints in 7-12-year-old children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to investigate the morphological features of the temporomandibular joint in adult patients with posterior occlusal plane and different inclinations. Fifty five skeletal I occlusion patients with average were included, shooting CBCT in the intercuspal position, divided into 3 groups according to OPP-FH angle, and measurement of the temporomandibular joint morphology was calculated with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) special software Invivo 5.0, Statistical analysis of three groups of data using SPSS23.0. The condyle usually locates in the middle of the fossa, the maximum axial area of the condyle (A) was statistically significant between the group 1 and the group 3. The internal and external diameter (MD) of the condyle was statistically significant between group 1 and group 3, and group 2 and group 3. The bilateral TMJ morphological features of the three groups were basically symmetrical. The position of the condyle in the fossa is mostly centered, and some of the posterior, the maximum axial area and the internal and external diameter of the condyle are different in three groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soft tissue thickness of upper lip on lip retraction in orthodonticaltreated females and identify the ratio of maxillary incisor retraction to upper lip retraction. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 100 adults were examined to measure the lip thickness in upper lip and establish the classification standard. All subjects were treated with 4 first premolar extractions followed by upper central incisors retraction. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 19 patients were reviewed to determine the changes of the upper lip and incisor positions through landmarks displacement. An independent-samples t test and one-way analysis of variance were performed. The correlations between maxillary incisor retraction and upper lip retraction were explored by the Pearson correlation method. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The lip thickness of adult male patients was greater than that of adult female patients. The average ratio of maxillary incisor retraction to upper lip repositioning was 1.6:1,1.9:1 and 2.2:1 in the thin lips group, normal lips group and thick lips group, respectively. Gender differences exist in the thickness of upper lip. Horizontal changes of the maxillary incisor showed a significant correlation to horizontal changes of the upper lip (P<0.001).There were negative correlations between the thickness of upper lip and the ratio between change in maxillary incisor protrusion and change in upper lip protrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rill erosion is well developed in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley. The appearance of step-pools in rills (SPRs) is an early stage of erosion and necessary condition for rill development. We measured length, width, depth of plunge pools, and length, height, and slope of step walls. We observed the developmental environment of every SPR in the field. Through research on relationships among SPR parameters, morphological characteristics, and control factors, we conclude that (1) correlations of step slope with pool length and width, and of step length with pool width are not evident (p > 0.1); correlations of pool length with step height and length are evident (p < 0.1); correlations of step slope with pool depth, and of step height with pool width are significant (p < 0.05); and correlations of pool depth with step length and height are highly significant (p < 0.01). Plunge-pool length is affected by soil properties and step height, but not by step gradient. (2) SPR formation shows a coupling effect of a single factor or many factors, such as terrain conditions, vegetation, confluence area, soil properties, and boundary conditions, and the shapes and scales of SPRs notably change with differences of the main control factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the top football players of the club in Bosnia and Herzegovina, CSC Zrinjski Mostar and the top football players of the club in Kosovo FC Trepca '89, the champions in their countries, in the morphological characteristics and body composition. A sample of 43 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the subjects consisted of 28 players of CSC Zrinjski Mostar of the average age 24.36±4.14, the champions of the Bosnia and Herzegovina in the season 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 15 players of FC Trepca '89 of the average age 21.80±3.57, the champions of the Kosovo Championship in the season 2016/17. Football players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season 2016/17. Morphological characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 10 variables: body height, body weight, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, skinfold of the back, abdominal skinfold, body mass index, fat percentage and muscle mass. The standard central and dispersion parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the players of the top two football clubs in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that the football players of the two mentioned clubs don't have statistically signifi cant differences by the variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the usefulness of morphological characteristics of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for differentiating malignant renal tumors from benign renal tumors, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from non-clear cell RCC at 3.0 T.Methods: The study included 249 patients with 251 histopathologically confirmed renal tumors that showed high signal on DWI. For each tumor, two radiologists independently evaluated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and morphological characteristics of DWI. The differences in the quantitative and qualitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features determined by the readers were assessed. The ADC values between malignant and benign renal tumors and between clear cell and non-clear cell RCC were compared using Mann-Whitney tests. The proportional differences of morphological characteristics of DWI between malignant and benign renal tumors and between clear cell and non-clear cell RCC were compared using Chi-square tests.Results: There were no significant differences in the quantitative and qualitative MRI features determined by the readers. The ADC values for malignant renal tumors were statistically significantly higher than those for benign renal tumors (p < 0.05), and the ADC values for clear cell RCC were statistically significantly higher than those for non-clear cell RCC (p < 0.05). The proportion of morphological characteristics of DWI between malignant and benign renal tumors was statistically significantly different at ring, nodular, flaky high signal. The proportion of morphological characteristics of DWI between clear cell and non-clear cell RCC was statistically significantly different at uniform high signal.Conclusions: The morphological characteristics of DWI are useful in differentiating renal tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Propose the characterization method of clogging particle morphology. • Explore the morphology of clogging particles and outflow particles. • Investigate the distribution of clogging particles. • Clarify the influence parameters of the distribution of clogging particles. The deposition of clogged particles inside permeable asphalt mixture can cause the failure of its permeability. The morphology and distribution of particles are important factors affecting particle deposition. Therefore, the clogging mechanism of permeable asphalt mixture can be further clarified by studying the morphology and distribution characteristics of clogging particles. Five types of permeable asphalt mixtures with different gradations were prepared, and clogging tests were conducted under constant head control mode. Digital microscopy and image processing technology were used to analyze the shape characteristics of deposited and outflow particles. Combined with computer tomography technology, the distribution law of clogging particles along the depth direction of the specimens was analyzed. The results showed that during the clogging process, the mass change of outflow particles varied depending on the size of the clogging particles. The shape index and angularity range of the outflow particles are small, and when the particle size is small, the shape of the outflow particles is greatly influenced by the shape index and angularity of the original particles. When the filling degree of fine aggregate in the permeable asphalt mixture was high, particles with strong rolling ability would become outflow particles. The shape of particles and the filling degree of fine aggregate are important factors affecting the permeability performance of permeable asphalt mixtures. This study provides a reference for a deeper understanding of the clogging mechanism of permeable asphalt mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gully systems and watersheds are geomorphic units with clear boundaries that are relatively independent of basin landscapes and play an important role in natural geography. In order to explore the morphological characteristics of gully systems and watersheds in the Dry-Hot Valley [South West (SW) China], gullies are interpreted from online Google images with high resolution and watersheds are extracted from digital elevation model at a scale of 1:50,000. The results show that: (1) There are 17,382 gullies (with a total area of 1141.66 km2) and 42 watersheds in the study area. (2) The average gully density of the study area (D) is 4.29 km/km2, gully frequency (F) is 14.39 gullies/km2, the branching ratio (B) is 5.13, the length ratio (L) is 3.12, and the coefficient of the main and tributary gullies (M) is 0.06. The degree of gully erosion is strong to extremely strong, the main development intensity of gully erosion ranges from intense to moderate, and the type of gully system is tributary. (3) The watershed areas (A) are between 0.39 and 96.43 km2, the relief ratio (R) is from 0.10 to 0.19, the circularity ratio (C) is from 0.30 to 0.83, the texture ratio (T) is from 0.82 to 39.35, and the dominant geomorphological texture type is fine. (4) There is a quantitative relationship between F and D:F = 0.624D2 (R =0.84) and T is closely related to D, F, M (R2 > 0.7). A, R and C are related to M (R2 > 0.5). The development of gully systems is the result of coupling effects between multiple factors. In this area, the degree of erosion and the condition of the main and tributary gullies can be controlled by the degree of topographic breakage in the watershed, which provides some theoretical basis for the evaluation of gully erosion by the latter. In addition, the scale, relief, and shape have a significant impact on the locations of the main and tributary gullies. For tributary gullies, attention should be paid to the interception and control of runoff and sediment in the small confluence branches in order to prevent gully expansion and head advance. These features can inform the development of targeted measures for the control of soil erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to establish differences in morphological characteristics of 48 selected girls under 14 years (U14 or younger cadets) handball players (age 13.88±0.46 years) in the playing positions of wings, backs and pivots. The sample of variables embraced 24 morphological measures defining the already established four latent body dimensions. Univariate ANOVA revealed the significant global differences among the three groups of U14 players in 11 morphological measures. Between the backs and pivots no significant differences were established. The greatest differences between the pivots and wings were established in body height, leg length, arm length, ankle breadth, body weight and calf circumference (p<.01). The greatest differences between the wings and backs were established in four variables: body height, arm length, knee breadth and ankle breadth (p<.01). We endorse the interpretation that specificities of technical-tactical activities executed by backs and pivots in attack repose in the background of the established differences, that is, backs and pivots are exposed to more body contacts in attack in which they must overcome defenders' resistance. In the sample of the Croatian U14 female handballers apparently no somatotypic component prevailed. However, a slightly larger contribution of endomorph component was perceived in the pivots' body composition, which was in line with the general results of the entire age group. In U14 backs both the endomorph and mesomorph components were pronounced equally, whereas all the three components were of even values in the wings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological characteristics and to describe some quantitative traits of Bursa Oynarı native pigeon breed in Bursa province in Turkey. The study was carried out on a total of randomly selected 43 Bursa Oynarı pigeons (23 males, 20 females). The morphological characteristics (head type, eye colour, head and bib colour, neck blend colour, beak type and colour, head plumage, ventral abdomen colour and claw colour) and the quantitative traits (body weight and morphometric measurements) were determined from both male and female pigeons. The results indicated that the most frequent morphological characteristics of this pigeon breed were round shaped head (72.09%), dusty rose eye colour (67.44%), veiled head/bib colour (37.21%), purple neck blend colour (53.49%), flat-shaped type beak (67.44%), white beak (51.16%), markless head plumage (69.77%), white ventral abdomen colour (93.02%) and white claw colour (95.35%). Sex significantly (P<0.01) affected the quantitative traits such as the body length, leg length and tail length. Male pigeons had higher means of the mentioned traits than those of female pigeons. Over the past few decades, there has been an increased awareness for the conservation of native breeds for their importance to genetic diversity. Thus, studies conducted on native breeds in various species may provide a noteworthy contribution to this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a specific anthropometric profile for each sport, which may be differentiated even in relation to the position, role or event category within each sport discipline. However, there are few studies on acrobatic gymnastics, and the goal of this work was to determine the anthropometric profile depending on the event category, as well as factors that predisposed to performance in these categories. The sample consisted of 150 gymnasts from Spain, divided into 8 groups according to the event category and the role played. The kinanthropometric measurements were taken through the procedures established by the International Society for the Advancement of Kineantropometry. The anthropometric characteristics, including body mass index, somatotype, body composition and proportionality using the Phantom stratagem were analyzed, and the results obtained from the different groups were compared. A regression analysis was performed with particular groups of gymnasts. No significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between groups of female tops or male bases, although differences were found between female group bases and female pair bases. It could be suggested that higher values of body height, sitting height, the minimum abdominal circumference, percentage of fat and low biliocristal breadth predispose female bases to work in pairs rather than in groups. The conclusion is that the anthropometric measurements are not decisive when guiding a gymnast toward choosing one event category or another, except for female bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strongyloidiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases caused by infection with the nematode Strongyloides genus and distributed worldwide. Strongyloidiasis can be fatal in immunosuppressed patients induced hyperinfection or disseminated strongyloidiasis. Unfortunately, until now, due to the unspecific clinical symptom in infected individuals and the low sensitivity diagnosis of strongyloidiasis, many patients were misdiagnosed every year. Furthermore, the larvae of the Strongyloides stercoralis ( S. stercoralis) is similar to other nematodes such as hookworm, Trichostrongylus increased the difficulty of diagnosis. In this case, the patient is a 63-year-old male person, who had a nearly 30 years medical history of asthma and emphysema, and 4-5-year medical history of diabetes. The sputum examination found some parasite larvae, then we identify the larvae using clinical observation and morphological characteristics combine with examined cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) and 18S rRNA genes by PCR, sequence analysis and finally classified by phylogenetic analysis, the larvae were diagnosed as S. stercoralis. Our results showed that diagnosis with strongyloidiasis by morphological characteristics combine with molecular biological methods can improve the sensitive of diagnosis and provide a final diagnosis for the disease in the clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphology of the gully longitudinal profile (GLP) is an important topographic index of the gully bottom associated with the evolution of the gullies. This index can be used to predict the development trend and evaluate the eroded volumes and soil losses by gullying. To depict the morphology of GLP and understand its controlling factors, the Global Positioning System Real-time Kinematic (GPS RTK) and the total station were used to measure the detail points along the gully bottom of 122 gullies at six sites of the Yuanmou dry-hot Valley. Then, nine parameters including length ( Lt), horizontal distance ( Dh), height ( H), vertical erosional area ( A), vertical curvature ( Cv), concavity ( Ca), average gradient ( Ga), gully length-gradient index ( GL), normalized gully length-gradient index ( Ngl), were calculated and mapped using CASS, Excel and SPSS. The results showed that this study area is dominated by slightly concave and medium gradient GLPs, and the lithology of most gullies is sandstone and siltstone. Although different types of GLPs appear at different sites, all parameters present a positively skewed distribution. There are relatively strong correlations between several parameters: namely Lt and H, Dh and H, Lt and A, Dh and A, H and GL. Most GLPs, except three, have a best fit of exponential functions with quasistraight shapes. Soil properties, vegetation coverage, piping erosion and topography are important factors to affect the GLP morphology. This study provides useful insight into the knowledge of GLP morphology and its influential factors that are of critical importance to prevent and control gully erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the current physical education curriculum on morphological characteristics of first grade primary school male students. In all 79 male students from the primaiy school were tested for the purpose of this research. 13 metrical instruments were used for the assessment of morphological characteristics of male students (body height, total arm length, leg length, biacromial diameter, biiliocristal diameter, chest circumference, circumference of the stretched upper arm, triceps skin fold, subscapular skin fold, abdomen skin fold and body mass). The final measuring was carried out after one year of physical exercise, and the obtained results were compared with the results of the initial measuring. The significance of differences was obtained using student's t-test at the significance level of 0.05% and boundary value of t = 1.96. On the basis of the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the program of physical education had no significant effects on the changes of morphological characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A laser microdissection technique suitable for the separation and enrichment of peltate glandular trichomes in M. haplocalyx was established for the first time. • The volatile compounds in peltate glandular trichomes and leaf tissues without peltate glandular trichomes of M. haplocalyx were identified for the first time by GC–MS method. • The non-volatile compounds in peltate glandular trichomes and leaf tissues without peltate glandular trichomes of M. haplocalyx were identified for the first time by UPLC-QE/MS method. Mentha haplocalyx Briq (M. haplocalyx) is a herbaceous plant that has long been used as a food, medicinal spice, and flavoring agent in traditional Chinese medicine. Its secondary metabolites, having high commercial values, are mainly produced in tiny specialized structures called glandular trichomes (GTs). The primary purpose of this study was to examine the morphology and metabolites of peltate GTs in M. haplocalyx.Peltate GTs possessed globular dome shapes and intense auto-fluorescence on the surfaces of M. haplocalyx leaves. Structure subsidence and cuticle rupture were found throughout the aging stage of peltate GTs. According to histochemical staining results, the secretion of peltate GTs contained anthraquinone, flavonoids, phenolic acid and terpenoids. In M. haplocalyx peltate GTs and leaf tissues without peltate glandular trichomes, ten and two volatile compounds were identified respectively. Peltate GTs contained 42 non-volatile chemicals with a variety of structural types, including 20 flavonoids, 17 phenolic acids,1 diterpene, 3 anthraquinone and 1 alkane. Meanwhile, 15 non-volatile compounds were discovered in leaf tissues without peltate glandular trichomes, and they were all included in the list of peltate GTs' 41 components. Therefore, Peltate GTs were shown to be the primary site of not just volatile compounds but also non-volatile chemicals in M. haplocalyx. This study provides an important theoretical basis and technical approach for clarifying the bio-active metabolite biosynthesis in M. haplocalyx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Success in sports swimming depends on numerous factors. The morphological and biomechanical characteristics play an important role in many sports, including swimming. Even though the correlation between these parameters among older swimmers is well known, in the case of pubescent swimmers this correlation varies, considering that this is a period of intense growth and development. The aim of this research is to determine the existence and nature of the correlation between morphological characteristics, the biomechanical characteristics of the stroke and the swimming velocity for the 50 m freestyle among pubescent swimmers. The sample of participants consisted of 25 young swimmers (15 boys and 10 girls) aged 12 to 15. By calculating Pearson's correlation coefficient we obtained results which indicate that there is a statistically significant correlation between morphological characteristics, biomechanical characteristics of the stroke and the swimming velocity for the 50 m freestyle among pubescent swimmers. Young swimmers who are higher, heavier, who have a greater arm range and hand length swim with a greater velocity, have a longer stroke and at maximum swimming velocity use a smaller number of strokes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Lovran Marron' is the only known traditional Croatian variety of the sweet chestnut. The objective of this study is to specify qualitative and quantitative morphological characteristics and to analyze the chemical composition of the 'Lovran Marron' fruits as well as to compare them to Marušnjak fruits (trees from the 'Lovran Marron' seed) and fruits from the local natural sweet chestnut population. Seven morphological characteristics were measured: fruit mass, height, width and thickness, scar length and width, and the length of the longest intrusion of the seed coat into the kernel. Eight qualitative characteristics were estimated: embryony, degree of penetration of the seed coat into the kernel, fruit shape, glossiness and colour, kernel colour, hairiness towards the top of the fruit and the existence of longitudinal stripes. 'Lovran Marron' has desirable qualitative and quantitative fruit characteristics. The Marušnjak trees mostly have intermediate morphological traits of fruits in comparison with 'Lovran Marron' and trees from the natural population. 'Lovran Marron' had the smallest mass fractions on average of: K, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn, Cu and Fe. The highest mass fractions on average of these macro- and microelements were characteristic of the trees from the natural population. The highest average content of carbohydrates was recorded in the 'Lovran Marron' and the lowest in the fruits from the natural population. The Marušnjak fruits had intermediate water, protein, ash, carbohydrates, and macro- and microelement content. The content of Cd and Pb was lower in all samples than the maximum allowed amounts in the sweet chestnut fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf blight was observed on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) affecting 19% of plants growing in fields in Iran. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected from potato plants in the main potato-growing regions of Iran, and isolations were made onto PDA medium. Single spore isolates were identified as Ulocladium atrum on the basis of morphological characteristics, and the identification was confirmed by sequence analyses of the ITS, gpd and Alt a1 gene regions. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that U. atrum caused leaf blight on potato. This is the first report of leaf blight caused by U. atrum on potato in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of differences in certain morphological characteristics and aerobic energy supply ability among three age categories of Croatian male teenage tennis players was the aim of this cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 60 players classified into three categories by age: U12 (n=20; 12.1±0.4 years), U14 (n=20; 14.0±0.6 years) and U16 (n=20; 15.9±0.4 years). Nine morphological body measures were taken: body height; body mass; skinfolds of the back, upper arm, chest, abdomen, thigh, lower leg and suprailiocristal. Also, six variables of cardiopulmonary function were obtained using spirometry and spiroergometry testing. Basic statistical parameters were calculated and ANOVA was applied using Tukey's post-hoc method. Statistically significant differences were obtained in the variable maximum treadmill speed (p<.01) and maximum treadmill speed at the anaerobic threshold (p<.01). Aerobic levels of the Croatian U12, U14 and U16 tennis players were in line with the requirements of high-performance tennis. The results indicated that the conducted physical conditioning and tennis-specific training programmes had a positive effect on the development of aerobic energy capacity indicators in the examined young tennis players. However, due to the age of subjects, the effect of dynamic processes of growth and maturation on the obtained results in the aerobic capacity test cannot be overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of the hip arthroplasty surgery largely depends on the endoprosthesis adjustment to the patient's femur. This implies that the position of the femoral bone in relation to the pelvis is preserved and that the endoprosthesis position ensures its longevity. Dimensions and body shape of the hip joint endoprosthesis and its position after the surgery depend on a number of geometrical parameters of the patient's femur. One of the most suitable methods for determination of these parameters involves 3D reconstruction of femur, based on diagnostic images, and subsequent determination of the required geometric parameters. In this paper, software for automated determination of geometric parameters of the femur is presented. Detailed software development procedure for the purpose of faster and more efficient design of the hip endoprosthesis that ensures patients' specific requirements is also offered [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applicability of a pump method for field surveys of hyporheos was investigated for taxon-specific collection bias by comparing a pump method with a core method in a shore area of the lower reach of Kizu River in Japan. A sampling bias index for the first 10 l of pump samples compared with 10 l hyporheic water (equivalent) core samples showed that the pump method underestimated the abundance of most taxa, except for the heliozoan Centrohelida. Animals were classified into three groups based on body size and sampling bias index; animals with small bodies and high sampling bias indices generally had flatness indices near 1.0. The animals were also classified into three groups based on patterns of reduction in serial fraction values in consecutive pumpings. Although Crustacea tended to be overrepresented in the pump samples, relative densities among them were comparable to those in the core samples, except for harpacticoid copepods. Animals with an intermediate reduction pattern had a similar relative abundance in the 50-l pump and 1,000-cm core samples, except for Crustacea and Centrohelida. The results suggest that by using an adequate taxon-dependent volume of water, the pump method is useful for examining the community composition of hyporheic fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a study of eco-geographical variability of morphological and biochemical features of Spiraea betulifolia and S. beauverdiana are given. The following features-markers are identified: character and degree of pedicle and follicle pubescence, follicle rostrum position, and composition of phenolic compounds. This research proves the species independence of S. betulifolia and S. beauverdiana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to evaluate the morphological characteristics of female students of Faculty of Kinesiology, and to ascertain possible differences between the mentioned population of students and the students of other study groups, in the area of morphological characteristics. With this aim, a group of 20 morphological measures was applied on the sample of 115 female students of first and second year of Faculty of Economics at the University of Split, and the mentioned measures were used to determine the somatotype, according to the Heath-Carter method, while the body mass index and subcutaneous fat tissue percentage were calculated as well. The factor analysis of morphological variables isolated four latent dimensions, in both groups of examinees likewise. The results of variance analysis and discriminant analysis showed that the students of Faculty of Kinesiology had lower amount of subcutaneous fat tissue, expressed in percentage (%), especially in the area of lower leg, thigh and upper arm. Also, the students of Faculty of Kinesiology differed from the students of Faculty of Economics in higher voluminosity values (thigh, lower leg and upper arm volume). According to the body type (somatotype), the endomorph component was more expressed in the students of Faculty of Economics, in relation to mesomorph component, compared to the students of Faculty of Kinesiology. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to conclude that the bodily activity during college significantly influences the morphological characteristics of students who study at the Faculty of Kinesiology, while the bodily inactivity, especially sedentary lifestyle favor the occurrence of increased values of subcutaneous fat tissue and the decrease of muscle mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity is of essential value for healthy and balanced developments of children and young adolescents. Regular exercise brings many benefits for physical and mental health, as well as social functioning of children. The problem of this research was examining the effects of different models of physical exercise on changes in the morphological status of young girls. The goal of the paper was to determine the morphological characteristics of girls engaged in modern dance, as well as developmental gymnastics, for at least a whole year in continuity, and compare them to the morphological characteristics of girls at the same age who have never been engaged in any organized physical activity. For realization of this goal, we have used a battery with eight anthropometric gauges which estimate the voluminosity and body mass as well as subcutaneous adipose tissue of the subjects, as the use of means of physical activity can alter these characteristics most effectively. The results of the research show a substantial statistical difference between subjects of all age categories, and in favor of the girls engaged in developmental gymnastics and modern dance. The difference reflects in a morphological status of better quality, defined by less volume, body mass and less subcutaneous adipose tissue, which leads to the conclusion that engagement in developmental gymnastics and modern dance is very desirable and advisable for proper growth and development of young girls, especially in this very receptive stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of this study is to determine the possible existence of territorial depending influence of morphological characteristics on the karate foot technique frequency. Sample of subjects included 115 Montenegrin male karate practitioners aged 15 years ± 6 months, divided into three subsamples according to the corresponding territorial regions (north n=37, central n=39, and south n=39). For the purposes of this study a system of 13 variables, which cover areas of morphological characteristics (12 variables) and specific motor abilities (1 variable) were used. All results have been subjected to statistical analysis, which involves regression analysis as the primary statistical operation. Insight into the results relieved that in two out of three subsamples, north (R=.83; R²=.70; Q=.00) and south (R=.79; R²=.62; Q=.00), showed statistically significant influence on the presented criterion, while significant influence in central region was not found (R=.70; R²=.49; Q=.06). Individual variables that show statistically significant influence on the criterion SMG30 in north region is AVT (β=1.13; Q(β)=.00), AMT (β=-.66; Q(β)=.01) and in south region ASR (β=-. 51; Q(β) =. 04). With this it is possible to conclude that the existence of territorial factor resulted with the differences in morphological characteristics influence on the frequency of executing mae-geri foot technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sports Science & Health / Sportske Nauke i Zdravlje is the property of Pan-European University Apeiron and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sports Logos / Sportski Logos is the property of Teacher Training Faculty, University Dzemal Gijedic in Mostar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was conducted in order to determine the value of the experimental program (high - low aerobics) and its impact on morphological characteristics in a high school student. The study was longitudinal character with one experimental and one control group. Sample is consisted of 80 students of Medical School "dr Branko Zogovic" Berane which were divided into two equal groups. The experimental group that worked on the model of high - low aerobics class consisted of 40 students, while the control group consisted of 40 students who also held classes at the regular plan and program for the subject of physical education prescribed by the Ministry of Education of Montenegro. The changes that have occurred in the experimental and control student groups for a period of 12 weeks, twice a week, were followed by: morphological characteristics (13 measuring instruments). The results were subjected to statistical data analysis methods that included determination of descriptive statistical parameter, and for determination of statistically significant differences between the average values of the two groups at the initial and final measurements was used t-test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our research was to determine the connection between morphologic characteristics and motor abilities of young water polo players. The sample of participants for this research can be defined as the population of water polo swimmers (N=60) aged 16 to 18, who were only included in the study under the condition that they have taken part in the water polo training process for a period of at least four years. In order to evaluate morphological characteristics of the participants we used 20 anthropometric variables (IBP) to evaluated longitudinal and transversal dimenions, mass and body voluminosity and subcutaneous fatty tissue. In this study, the measurings of the significant motor dimensions were carried by means of the following measuring instruments which the authors (Gredelj, Hošek, Metikoš, Momirović, 1975) had previously evaluated with the help of physiological mechanisms: the integration factor, based on the mechanism for movement structure (MSK), the synergistic automatism and tonus regulation factor (SRT); the factor for excitation intensity regulation (RIE); the excitation duration regulation factor (RTE). The relations between morphological and motor dimensions were determined using a canonical correlation analysis. A correlation analysis was carried out and it indicated a very high correlation between dimesions morphological characteristics and motor abilities of young water polo players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed in order to identify, in two different points of time, changes in morphological characteristics of (80) pupils of grammar school aged 16 years (+ - 6 months), under the influence of the programmed work that would encompass basketball practice. A set of 12 anthropometric measurements were applied. The discriminative parametric procedure T-test for dependent samples was applied in the area of comparative statistics for determining the statistic differences in the variables used between the initial and final state. Significant positive quantitative and qualitative changes in most of the variables were identified in the final state compared to the initial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the paper is to determine relevance of certain morphological parameters, understood as the dimensions of morphological status of water polo players, in relation to their game performance in the phases of defence and attack. The sample of subjects embraced 104 (aged 17-19 yrs) top-quality water polo players, members of junior selections from eight water polo clubs, who participated in the Adriatic League competition. The total variable sample consisted of the predictor variables (10) and two criterion variables based on the expert evaluations of the subjects' play in attack and defence. The associations between the predictor variables and play performance grades were established using regression analysis. The obtained results suggest the quantity of subcutaneous fat directly affects quality of playing in the phase of defence, meaning that the players with larger quantities of subcutaneous fat perform poorly in polyvalent defensive actions and demonstrate a low level of agility, both resulting in less effective play in defence. Although the quantity of subcutaneous fat has been recognized as the factor affecting play quality in attack as well, we obtained that it has smaller effect than in the case of defence. The probable cause of the afore-mentioned may be found in water polo players with a relatively greater amount of fatty tissue (hole sets), who are still highly efficient in attack tasks performance. Their situation-related efficiency is manifested in better positioning and position keeping, as well as in larger number of forced exclusions of the opponents, which contributes comprehensively to attack efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphological status of athletes is his, we can say, based on an identification card, which can be assigned to a particular constitutional type, and we also got information about his body height, body weight, BMI, and even used to analyze and age. Different constitutional types are present in the sport and are important in terms of targeting, selection and performance of a specific sport. This is particularly pronounced in the athletic sport where within athletics have many different types of athletes is constitutional requires a certain discipline. This paper analyzes the morphological status of female finalists in jumping events at the Olympic Games in Beijing 2008. The survey included 32 athletes who performed in the final of the measured variables to assess the morphological status: body height (AVIS), body mass (AMAS), derived body mass index (BMI) and age athletes (GOD). Applying basic statistical parameters (mean) made a comparative analysis of the applied variables based competitors that have passed certain conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science & Medicine is the property of Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science & Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)