13 results on '"Roll, Mikael"'
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2. The predictive function of Swedish word accents
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Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
General Language Studies and Linguistics ,phonology ,prosody ,morphology ,prediction ,General Psychology ,Specific Languages ,speech processing - Abstract
Swedish lexical word accents have been repeatedly said to have a lowfunctional load. Even so, the language has kept these tones ever sincethey emerged probably over a thousand years ago. This article proposesthat the primary function of word accents is for listeners to be ableto predict upcoming morphological structures and narrow down thelexical competition rather than being lexically distinctive. Psycho- andneurophysiological evidence for the predictive function of word accents isdiscussed. A novel analysis displays that word accents have a facilitativerole in word processing. Specifically, a correlation is revealed betweenhow much incorrect word accents hinder listeners’ processing and howmuch they reduce response times when correct. Finally, a dual-route modelof the predictive use of word accents with distinct neural substrates isput forth.
- Published
- 2022
3. Anticipating morphological and syntactic structures : investigating the pre-activation negativity
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Söderström, Pelle, Horne, Merle, Mannfolk, Peter, van Westen, Danielle, and Roll, Mikael
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General Language Studies and Linguistics ,Morphology ,fMRI ,Pre-activation ,Syntax ,Prediction ,ERP - Abstract
It is known that listeners can predict upcoming words based on constraining contexts (e.g. DeLong et al., 2005). In a recent study, we proposed a left frontal brain potential, the pre-activation negativity, PrAN (Söderström et al., 2016), thought to reflect pre-activation of expected word continuations. Time-locked to word-initial fragments, PrAN’s amplitude was found to increase in a 136-280 ms time window as the number of possible continuations decreased, suggesting that PrAN increased with increased predictive certainty about a word’s ending. In the present study, we tested whether a similar effect could be found for pre-activation of expected syntactic structures. In Swedish, intonation is used to signal whether an unfolding embedded clause is a main or subordinate clause. Specifically, a clause-initial word with a low boundary tone cues only subordinate clause structure. Conversely, a corresponding high tone signals that any kind of embedded main clause structure may follow, i.e. it cues a more open set of structures. Test participants listened to complex sentences and judged the word order of the verb (V) and negation (NEG) after the boundary tone as quickly as possible (NEG–V word order occurs in subordinate clauses and V–NEG in main clauses). ERPs were time-locked to the tone-bearing syllable. A repeated-measures ANOVA showed a negativity in left anterior electrodes at 136-280 ms for low initial boundary tones, which cue only subordinate clauses. We propose that this effect is a PrAN, but that it here reflects pre-activation of syntactic structures rather than possible word endings.
- Published
- 2017
4. Neural correlates of second language acquisition of tone-grammar associations.
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Hed, Anna, Schremm, Andrea, Horne, Merle, and Roll, Mikael
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NATIVE language ,PERCEPTION testing ,SECOND language acquisition - Abstract
Native speakers of Swedish use tones on stems to predict which suffix is to follow. This is seen behaviorally in reduced response times for matching tone-suffix pairs. Neurophysiologically, online prediction is reflected in the event-related potential (ERP) component pre-activation negativity (PrAN) occurring for tones with a higher predictive value. Invalid suffixes relative to the tone produce a left anterior negativity (LAN), or a broadly distributed negativity, and a P600. When native speakers make decisions about the inflection of words, response times are also longer for invalid tone-suffix combinations. In this study, low to intermediate level second language learners with non-tonal native languages trained tone-suffix associations for two weeks. Before and after training, they participated in a perception test where they listened to nouns with valid and invalid tone-suffix combinations and performed a singular/plural judgment task. During the test, electroencephalography (EEG) and response times were measured. After training, the PrAN effect increased, and a LAN emerged for invalid stimuli, indicating that the participants had acquired the tone-suffix association, using the tones as predictors more extensively post-training. However, neither a P600 nor longer response times for invalidity were found, suggesting potential differences in native and second language processing of the tone-suffix association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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5. Implicit acquisition of tone-suffix connections in L2 learners of Swedish.
- Author
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Schremm, Andrea, Söderström, Pelle, Horne, Merle, and Roll, Mikael
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IMPLICIT learning ,EXPLICIT instruction ,SECOND language acquisition ,FOREIGN language education ,TENSE (Grammar) ,SWEDISH language ,SUFFIXES & prefixes (Grammar) - Abstract
Swedish native speakers (NSs) unconsciously use tones realized on word stems to predict upcoming suffixes during speech comprehension. The present response time study investigated whether relatively proficient second language (L2) learners of Swedish have acquired the underlying association between tones and suffixes without explicit instruction, internalizing a feature that is specific to their L2. Learners listened to sentences in which the tone on the verb stem either validly or invalidly cued the following present or past tense inflection. Invalidly cued suffixes led to increased decision latencies in a verb tense identification task, suggesting that learners pre-activated suffixes associated with stem tones in a manner similar to NSs. Thus, L2 learners seemed to have acquired the tone-suffix connections through implicit mechanisms. Correctly cued suffixes were associated with a smaller processing advantage in the L2 group relative to NSs performing the same task; nevertheless, results suggest a tendency for increasingly native-like tone processing with cumulative language experience. The way suffix type affected response times also indicates exposurerelated effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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6. Word tones cueing morphosyntactic structure: Neuroanatomical substrates and activation time-course assessed by EEG and fMRI.
- Author
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Roll, Mikael, Söderström, Pelle, Mannfolk, Peter, Shtyrov, Yury, Johansson, Mikael, van Westen, Danielle, and Horne, Merle
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TONE (Phonetics) , *TELEPROMPTERS , *MORPHOSYNTAX , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *NEUROANATOMY , *FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging , *BRAIN anatomy , *BRAIN physiology , *PARIETAL lobe , *TEMPORAL lobe , *AUDITORY perception , *BRAIN , *BRAIN mapping , *CEREBRAL dominance , *LANGUAGE & languages , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *REACTION time , *TIME , *PROMPTS (Psychology) , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Previous studies distinguish between right hemisphere-dominant processing of prosodic/tonal information and left-hemispheric modulation of grammatical information as well as lexical tones. Swedish word accents offer a prime testing ground to better understand this division. Although similar to lexical tones, word accents are determined by words' morphosyntactic structure, which enables listeners to use the tone at the beginning of a word to predict its grammatical ending. We recorded electrophysiological and hemodynamic brain responses to words where stem tones matched or mismatched inflectional suffixes. Tones produced brain potential effects after 136 ms, correlating with subject variability in average BOLD in left primary auditory cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Invalidly cued suffixes activated the left inferior parietal lobe, arguably reflecting increased processing cost of their meaning. Thus, interaction of word accent tones with grammatical morphology yielded a rapid neural response correlating in subject variability with activations in predominantly left-hemispheric brain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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7. A neurolinguistic study of South Swedish word accents: Electrical brain potentials in nouns and verbs.
- Author
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Roll, Mikael
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NEUROLINGUISTICS , *SWEDISH language , *STRESS (Linguistics) , *EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology) , *NOUNS , *VERBS - Abstract
The brain response to words with correct and incorrect word accent-suffix combinations in South Swedish was investigated using electroencephalography (EEG). Accent 1 yielded an increased brain response ('preactivation negativity') that has previously been interpreted as reflecting preactivation of suffixes. Preactivation is greater for accent I due to its association with a limited set of suffixes, whereas accent 2 is default for compound words. The tonal realization of the word accent opposition in South Swedish is practically the mirror image of that in Central Swedish, where a similar preactivation negativity has been found. Therefore, the brain response is unlikely to result from a difference in acoustic features between the word accents. Invalidly cued suffixes yielded brain response pattern showing increased processing load of the unexpected suffix (negative electric potential) followed by its reprocessing (positivity 'P600' ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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8. Word-stem tones cue suffixes in the brain.
- Author
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Roll, Mikael, Söderström, Pelle, and Horne, Merle
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ENGLISH suffixes & prefixes , *ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY , *VOCABULARY , *LEXICAL grammar , *SEMANTICS , *ATTENTION , *MEANING (Philosophy) - Abstract
Abstract: High and low tones on Swedish word stems are associated with different classes of suffixes. We tested the electrophysiological effects of high and low stem tones as well as tonally cued and uncued suffixes. Two different tasks were used involving either choosing the suffix-dependent meaning of the words, or pressing a button when the word ended. To determine whether effects were in fact due to association of tones with lexical material, delexicalized stimuli were also used. High tones in lexical items produced an increase in the P2 component in both tasks, interpreted as showing passive anticipatory attention allocated to the associated upcoming suffix. This effect was absent for delexicalized forms, where instead an N1 increase was found for high tones, indicating that the high pitch was unexpected in the absence of lexical material, and did not lead to anticipatory attention. A P600 effect was found for uncued high-associated suffixes in the semantic task, which was also where the largest increase was found in reaction times. This suggests that the tonal cues were most important when participants were required to process the meaning of the words. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2013
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9. Processing morphologically conditioned word accents.
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Söderström, Pelle, Roll, Mikael, and Horne, Merle
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STRESS (Linguistics) ,REACTION time ,MORPHOLOGY ,PAST tense (Grammar) ,SUFFIXES & prefixes (Grammar) ,VERBS - Abstract
The present response time study investigated the influence Central Swedish word accents have on the interpretation of inflectional morphology. Effects of stem tone match/mismatch on the interpretation of Swedish present and past tense suffixes were tested. Both Accent 1 and Accent 2 were found to influence listeners’ response times related to decisions on verb tense. It thus seems that both word accents can facilitate online interpretation of words. Previous studies where tasks have not required suffix interpretation have only found an effect of Accent 1 patterns on Accent 2-associated suffixes. Accent 2 suffixes further yielded generally greater response times than Accent 1-associated suffixes. Different possible explanations for this are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
10. Word accents and morphology—ERPs of Swedish word processing
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Roll, Mikael, Horne, Merle, and Lindgren, Magnus
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STRESS (Linguistics) , *EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology) , *SWEDISH language , *TONE (Phonetics) , *INFLECTION (Grammar) , *SUFFIXES & prefixes (Grammar) - Abstract
Abstract: Results indicating that high stem tones realizing word accents activate a certain class of suffixes in online processing of Central Swedish are presented. This supports the view that high Swedish word accent tones are induced onto word stems by particular suffixes rather than being associated with words in the mental lexicon. Using event-related potentials, effects of mismatch between word accents and inflectional suffixes were compared with mismatches between stem and suffix in terms of declension class. Declensionally incorrect suffixes yielded an increase in the N400, indicating problems in lexical retrieval, as well as a P600 effect, showing reanalysis. Both declensionally correct and incorrect high tone-inducing (Accent 2) suffixes combined with a mismatching low tone (Accent 1) on the stems produced P600 effects, but did not increase the N400. Suffixes usually co-occurring with Accent 1 did not yield any effects in words realized with the nonmatching Accent 2, suggesting that Accent 1 is a default accent, lacking association with any particular suffix. High tones on Accent 2 words also produced an early anterior positivity, interpreted as a P200 effect reflecting preattentive processing of the tone. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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11. Brain responses to morphologically complex verbs: An electrophysiological study of Swedish regular and irregular past tense forms.
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Schremm, Andrea, Novén, Mikael, Horne, Merle, and Roll, Mikael
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VERBS , *BRAIN , *INFLECTION (Grammar) , *VOCABULARY , *LANGUAGE & languages - Abstract
The present electrophysiological study investigated irregular versus regular verb form processing in Swedish during reading. In line with previous results from other languages, overregularized verbs, i.e. incorrect irregular stem + regular past tense suffix combinations (e.g. * stjäl + de 'steal + past tense'), elicited a left-lateralized negativity (LAN) relative to correct irregulars (stal 'stole'), suggesting rule-based decomposition of regularly inflected words. Lack of a similar effect for misapplication of the irregular stem formation pattern on regular verbs (e.g. * löft 'lifted' instead of lyfte) suggests the involvement of different processing mechanisms, possibly whole word access, for irregular items, at least to some degree. A P600 showing reprocessing was seen for all incorrect forms. The results add cross-linguistic support for morphological decomposition in the verbal inflection of a language where results from previous neurolinguistic studies of nominal inflection have only suggested the use of full-form access to words. • ERPs of both overregularized and irregularized verbs in Swedish were recorded. • LAN obtained for overregularized verbs suggests rule-based decomposition. • Irregularized verbs elicited only a P600 relative to the correct variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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12. Tone-grammar association within words: Concurrent ERP and fMRI show rapid neural pre-activation and involvement of left inferior frontal gyrus in pseudoword processing.
- Author
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Söderström, Pelle, Horne, Merle, Mannfolk, Peter, van Westen, Danielle, and Roll, Mikael
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EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology) , *WORD recognition , *TONE (Phonetics) , *FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging , *AUDITORY cortex physiology , *NEURAL physiology , *PARIETAL lobe , *BRAIN mapping , *FRONTAL lobe , *LINGUISTICS , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *SPEECH perception , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Using a concurrent ERP/fMRI paradigm, we investigated how listeners take advantage of morphologically relevant tonal information at the beginning of words to predict and pre-activate likely word endings. More predictive, low tone word stems gave rise to a 'pre-activation negativity' (PrAN) in the ERPs, a brain potential which has previously been found to increase along with the degree of predictive certainty as regards how a word is going to end. It is suggested that more predictive, low tone stems lead to rapid access to word endings with processing subserved by the left primary auditory cortex as well as the supramarginal gyrus, while high tone stems - which are less predictive - decrease predictive certainty, leading to increased competition between activated word endings, which needs to be resolved by the left inferior frontal gyrus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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13. Cortical thickness and surface area of left anterior temporal areas affects processing of phonological cues to morphosyntax.
- Author
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Novén, Mikael, Schremm, Andrea, Horne, Merle, and Roll, Mikael
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CEREBRAL sulci , *SURFACE area , *NATIVE language , *WORD recognition , *MAGNETIC fields - Abstract
• Swedish word accents can be used as a measure of perceptual phonological proficiency. • Cortical thickness and surface area correlate with perceptual phonological proficiency. • Swedish word accents influence word and phrase recognition in the ventral speech processing stream. Lack of methods to experimentally assess the perceptual processing of sound features and allow one to measure differences in phonological proficiency has been a limitation for speech processing studies in native speakers. Tonal features associated with Swedish word-stems, word accents, which cue grammatical suffixes, constitute, however, such sound features that can be exploited to generate measures of reliance on morphosyntactically relevant phonological information during word processing. Specifically, there is a natural variance between native speakers in response time (RT) difference between phonologically valid and invalid word accent-suffix combinations that can be used to quantify perceptual phonological proficiency. This study uses ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate word accents as phonological cues to morphosyntactic meaning. The study adds to the understanding of the neural basis for both morphosyntactically relevant phonological cues by reporting correlations between differences in listeners' RT for validly and invalidly cued suffixes and cortical thickness in left anterior and middle temporal gyrus, and the left anterior superior temporal sulcus as well as cortical surface area in the left middle and inferior temporal gyri. The cortical areas studied are known constituents of the ventral speech processing stream, necessary for word and phrase recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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