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The early Bajocian event was characterized by a protracted, ca. 4 Myr-long positive carbon isotope excursion that has been recognized in both marine and continental records. It is concomitant with a marine eutrophication event that led to regional demises of the neritic carbonate factory, as well as floral and faunal turnovers. The ultimate cause and modality of this event remains uncertain. In this study, we present a high-resolution, biostratigraphically calibrated, bulk organic matter carbon isotope dataset derived from the marine sedimentary record of the Central High Atlas Basin in Morocco and spanning the upper Aalenian–lower upper Bajocian. Within the context of the overall lower Bajocian positive carbon isotope excursion, this curve displays a complex trend of subordinated positive and negative shifts, which can be correlated to the high-resolution bulk carbonate carbon isotope record of southeastern France and southern Spain. The presence of a similar complex shape in these carbon isotope records over a large paleogeographic area highlights that the carbon cycle perturbation associated with the early Bajocian event was more intricate than previously depicted. Using the difference in carbon isotope fractionation between the carbonate and organic matter records as a first-order tracer of atmospheric pCO2 variations implies that the late early Bajocian was characterized by two interludes (late Propinquans and late Humphriesianum chronozones) of low greenhouse gas concentrations. This inference is supported by high-resolution paleotemperature and global sea-level records, suggesting the transient development of polar ice caps during the Middle Jurassic.

The red detrital formations of the Central and Eastern High Atlas of Morocco continue to spark a large scientific debate around their age varying from the middle Jurassic to the upper Cretaceous period . Through this paper, we present the results of lithological correlations of five detailed geological sections, covering the Jurassic–Cretaceous “red beds'' series, measured in the Central High Atlas along the Errachidia–Msemrir transect. These detrital strata are outcropped in syncline basin centres, delimited by raised ridges that are formed by lower and middle Jurassic formations. Important lateral variations of facies and thicknesses occur between the eastern and western parts of the studied transect. In the eastern part of the study area, the “red beds'' can be attributed to three lithostratigraphic formations, two formations that are generally sandstone-rich (Guettioua and Jbel Sidal Formations), separated by a third one which is clay-rich (Iouaridene Formation). In contrast, in the western part, the “red beds'' series is best allocated to the sandstone-rich of the Guettioua Formation. During the deposition of the Jurassic–Cretaceous “red beds”, the Central High Atlas Basin was subjected to important tectonics and salt diapirism events. Hence, the important variation of facies and thickness in the “red beds'' series may be best explained by the geodynamic evolution of the Central High Atlas and its control of the building of differential depositional areas. Together with global sea-level and climatic fluctuation, changes in differentiated local subsidence rate are hence pictured as a major driving parameter for facies and age differentiations between the eastern and western parts of the Central High Atlas Basin.

The Early Bajocian witnessed a global environmental perturbation, characterized by faunal and floral turnovers and a positive carbon isotope excursion. In Italy, this environmental perturbation coincided with an eutrophication event and a carbonate crisis, but this has so far not been adequately reported from other settings, leaving doubt about the extent and nature of these phenomena. In this paper, we are reporting on an extensive neritic carbonate factory demise that occurs in the upper Lower Bajocian of Morocco, more precisely in the upper Propinquans – lower Humphriesianum Zones. This demise coincided with the acme of the global carbon isotope perturbation, recorded by a 3‰ positive carbon isotope excursion in the bulk organic matter of Morocco, but not in the micritic phase, due to the fact that the Moroccan carbonate δ13C record is more sensitive to local rather than global influences. Furthermore, we observe that the Lower Bajocian of Morocco is relatively enriched in arenitic siliciclastic deposits, suggesting increased weathering and nutrient levels along the northwestern margin of Africa during the Early Bajocian. However, comparison with neighboring European basins highlights the non-uniqueness and different timing of the response of shallow-water carbonates to the Early Bajocian environmental perturbations, as some regions present no sign of carbonate factory crisis. Hence, we postulate that local factors were important in mediating the response of neritic carbonate factories to this global environmental perturbation. We notably highlight the role of large Early Bajocian sea-level fluctuation as a trigger for carbonate factory change and demise in Morocco.

Shallow water carbonate rocks are especially prone to diagenetic alteration. As such they are sometimes problematic archives of past carbon cycle perturbations, casting doubt on the reliability of shallow-water carbonates carbon isotopes analyses for chemostratigraphic purposes. In this paper, bulk organic carbon isotopes (δ 13 C org ) is used as a robust replacement of the more sensitive carbonate carbon isotope systems for the establishment of a refined chronostatigraphic framework for the evolution of Sinemurian-Pliensbachian neritic carbonate systems in the Central High Atlas Basin of Morocco. These data show very similar patterns and characteristics in the organic carbon isotope curves of basinal and platform sections and thus illustrate the reliability of these archives. Simultaneously, we explore the expression of the global carbon isotope excursion at the Sinemurian-Pliensbachian boundary (S[sbnd]P event) in the study area in Morocco. This event has been previously described as a negative carbon isotope excursion of ∼2‰ associated with a large transgression in numerous basins. In Morocco and other neritic carbonate records, the S[sbnd]P event is better described as a return to previous values after a positive carbon isotope excursion coinciding with a major latest Sinemurian regression recognised on a global scale. Similar patterns are also found in other sections, although sometimes poorly expressed. However, it shows, that the S[sbnd]P event has ambiguous characteristics and questions the conventional hypothesis of it being linked to the massive injection of 13 C-depleted carbon into the atmosphere-ocean system.

International audience; Mountainous depocentres are often the single available archives in intracontinental areas. As such, the investigation of their sedimentary dynamics is the only way to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental evolution in these peculiar regions. Here, the basin-scale sedimentary dynamics of the Agadir-Tissint Feija (i.e. feija is the local name for lowlands) are discussed together with new palaeoenvironmental information on the late Quaternary in the north-western Sahara margin. The succession consists of up to ca 40 m thick fluvio-lacustrine deposits subdivided into three depositional sequences (S1-S3) that were deposited between ca 75 ka and ca 10 ka. S1 and S2 reflect the evolution of a palaeolake intercalated by carbonate-rich palustrine to alluvial plain environments, while S3 shows the transition to an entirely clastic alluvial plain environment. The three sequences are genetically associated with three pulses of tufa buildups at the outlet of the depocentre. Each pulse of tufa buildup is attributed to wet conditions, while each interruption is associated with drier conditions. The wet-dry alternation at the origin of S1 fits with summer insolation fluctuation suggesting that precession parameters may have paced long-term climate variability in the area. Superimposed on wet-dry cycles, submillennial-scale (750-900 year) shorter-term lake fluctuations are identified in S1 and S2; their origins may be related to North Atlantic Oscillation mechanisms. Furthermore, the sudden increase in clastic sediment supply in S3 evidences a change in sediment production in the catchment area attributed to lower temperatures established during the last glacial period. Finally, this newly identified continental archive is unique at the northern Sahara margin; it enables reconstructions of the local and regional hydrological conditions during the last glacial cycle. Even if a more systematic investigation of palaeoclimate forcing is still necessary, the Agadir-Tissint Feija will potentially bring important information to understand past and anticipate future regional climate change.

On the southern piedmont of the calcareous eastern High Atlas, the fan-deposited superficial Quaternary sedimentary formations of the oued Rheris, in the Tazoughmit plain, belong to the Upper Pleistocene (= recent Soltanian, called here « M'Zlarad formation »). An inset terrace (Holocene, or Rharbian terrace, called here « Tamda formation ») develops inside the M'Zlarad formation Several stratigraphie units are observed in these two formations. The M'Zlarad formation begins with the usual coarse detritic piedmont series, overcomed by more or less clayey series of silts, with slightly indurated CaCO3 enriched zones that are well-knowned in the Moroccan Soltaman , at its upper part we find a clayey and silty hydromorphic sene of palustnne origin, which was dated at 19 465 ± 150 y B P. Above this, the formation is overlayed by new reddish silts and more coarse material of the upper pediment slope. The Tamda formation was built inset at the Upper Holocene (3 540 ± 60 y B P ), after a distinctive linear erosion period into the Plain of Tazoughmit. It seems that the sedimentary area was transported meanwhile downstream Goulmima, where the oued Rhens built a second large fan, which upper sediments were dated from 12 345 ± 1 10 y B P. These first results are in good agreement with the previous knowledges concerning the High Atlas and Anti Atlas piedmonts evolution during the Upper Pleistocene and the Holocene, and also the surrounding areas of the Maghreb. They show the installation of a wet, biostasic period between 22 000 and 1 8 000 y B P , and then of an and, rhexistasic, erosion period before the deposition of the Lower Holocene sediments. A long time after, a new alluvial terrace took place at about 3 500 y B P , during an humid recurrence. These results show the great complexity of the relation between alluviation / erosion phases and climatic variations and the necessity of new researches about the Upper Pleistocene/Holocene transition period., Sur le piémont sud du Haut-Atlas calcaire oriental, les formations sédimentaires quaternaires superficielles des cônes de déjection de l'oued Rheris, dans la Plaine de Tazoughmit, appartiennent au Pléistocène terminal (= Soltanien récent, ici « formation de M'Zlarad »). Il s'y emboîte une formation holocène (= rharbienne, ici « formation de Tamda »), sous forme de terrasse alluviale. Plusieurs unités stratigraphiques sont distinguées au sein de ces formations. La formation de M'Zlarad débute par les séries détritiques grossières habituelles des zones de piémonts, surmontées par des ensembles de niveaux limoneux plus ou moins argileux et concrétionnés ubiquistes du Soltanien supérieur marocain ; elle se termine par une série hydromorphe plus fine à nombreux indices palustres, datée a 19 465 ± 150 ans B P, puis est recouverte par de nouveaux limons rougeâtres et des épandages plus grossiers de glacis. La formation de Tamda s'est emboîtée dans la précédente à l'Holocène supérieur (3540 ± 60 ans B P), après une période d'incision linéaire marquée dans la Plaine de Tazoughmit. Il semble en effet que la sédimentation se soit déplacée entre temps à l'aval de Goulmima, ou l'oued Rheris a construit un second grand cône, dont les épandages proches de la surface sont datés à 12 345 ±110 ans B P. Ces premiers résultats sont en bon accord avec les connaissances acquises sur l'évolution des piémonts atlasiques et anti-atlasiques marocains au Pléistocène supérieur et à l'Holocène, ainsi que des régions voisines du Maghreb. Ils montrent l'installation d'une période humide à tendance biostasique entre environ 22 000 et 18 000 ans B P, suivie d'une période plus aride, rhexistasique, entraînant l'incision des formations précédentes avant les dépôts de l'Holocène ancien. Bien plus tardivement, une nouvelle terrasse alluviale se met en place vers 3 500 ans B P, lors d'une récurrence humide. Ces résultats soulignent la complexité de la relation phases d'alluvionnement et d'érosion, variations climatiques et la nécessite de nouvelles investigations sur la période charnière Pléistocène supérieur-Holocène inférieur., Boudad larbi, Kabiri Lahcen, Weisrock André, Wengler Luc, Fontugne Michel, El Maataoui Mohamed, Makayssi Abdelatif, Vernet Jean Louis. Les formations fluviatiles du Pléistocène supérieur et de l'Holocène dans la "plaine" de Tazoughmit (Oued Rheris, piémont sud-atlasique de Goulmina, Maroc) [Upper Pleistocene and Holocene fluvial sedimentation in the " pkaa " Tazoughmit (Oued Rheris, High Atlas southern piedmont of Goulmina, Morocco).]. In: Quaternaire, vol. 14, n°3, 2003. pp. 139-154.