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Moringa oleifera is known as a miraculous plant with multiple beneficial ingredients for humans and plant development. Besides, Moringa oleifera can effectively be utilized as a stimulant, environmentally friendly biopesticide, and the green source for several potential nutritional organic compounds. The Moringa oleifera derivates can be used in the agricultural system. The eco-friendly characteristic of Moringa oleifera, especially the leaf powder water extract, is the lowest cost alternative for green fertilizer and improving crop yields. The preparation of moringa leaf powder (MOLP) and its characterization were done to figure out the essential ingredients of these green materials. The MOLP water extract was treated with a 50% dose of the Amaranthus sp. plant for one month. Chemical analysis results show that MOLP has a high level of macronutrients for plant growth. Interestingly, in line with the MOLP characterization results, the Amaranthus sp. leaves powder also has a high level of chlorophyll, macronutrients, and micronutrients post MOLP water extract treatment. Thus, this preliminary data can be proposed as the hallmark for green fertilizer and biostimulant development to increase the nutritional values within the plant. MOLP water extract's soil intervention can help achieve a higher economic yield, particularly for the vegetable plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kelor leaves are local food that can be used as food products because of the fairly complete nutritional content. This study aimed to determine the effect of moringa leaf puree on Moringa jelly candies' organoleptic properties and get the best formulation based on the result. This research employed an experimental study using CRD with three formulas and two repetitions. Data were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan's test. The determination of the best formulation was then calculated using the effectiveness index method. The results showed that the highest average organoleptic properties which is sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability were obtained by Moringa jelly candy with 20% moringa leaves puree. The best formulation was obtained by Moringa jelly candy with 20% moringa leaf puree with a product value of 0.84. Hence, the fortification of jelly candy ingredients by adding Moringa leaves powder (MOLP) offers an alternative model for the future development of nutritional candy and healthy food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic inflammation is the initial stage of liver fibrosis-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Also, HCC is a global disease resulting from several etiological factors. HCC incidence can be triggered by alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), viral hepatitis B (HBV), viral hepatitis C (HCV), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Liver chronic inflammation significantly correlates to TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α) and IL-6 (interleukin 6) expression. This laboratory work aimed to investigate the effect of green material Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) on the expression of both pro-inflammatory cytokines. A semi-quantitative approach quantified the expression of TNF-α and IL-6. This research was conducted using an animal model induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 solution. The results showed that green material Moringa oleifera could reduce IL-6 and TNF-α expression. Importantly, MOLP exposure can decrease the pro-inflammatory cell population in the liver parenchymal area. Hence, the application of green material Moringa oleifera might be potential as the local bioresources agent against liver inflammation-linked fibrosis. The exploration of MOLP in the future drug discovery model may significantly contribute to the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, no anti-fibrotic agents work effectively to suppress fibrosis process because of its complex pathophysiology. Moringa oleifera (MO) has been shown to function as anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agent through inhibition of NFĸB cascade pathway. This study was conducted to prove the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of MO for inhibit liver fibrosis process through an expression of TNF-α and p38-MAPK. Male Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar rat 3 months old separated randomly was conducted in this study. The liver fibrosis rat model was injected CCl4 10% 1 - 2 cc/kg BW twice a week during 14 weeks. The treatment groups which received MO ethanol extract were divided into three doses (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg BW). MO ethanol extract was injected shortly after CCl4 injection through oral gavage. Samples were analyzed for TNF-α and p38-MAPK expression using immunohistochemistry. Expression of TNF-α and p38-MAPK are decrease in all treatment groups using MO (150, 300, 600 mg/kg BW) compared to control group significantly (p<0.001). The result shows MO has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects as expected. Moringa oleifera was proven to be able to decrease TNF-α and p38-MAPK in treatment groups compared to rat models. It could be a potential herbal as anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic to inhibit fibrosis process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural biostimulants are the future target for plant development inducer in both standard and critical environmental conditions. One of the potential candidates of biostimulant resource is Moringa oleifera. Hence, the future expanded study of biostimulants is essential to solve land and water pollution problem-linked crop plantation. This preliminary study aims to investigate the fundamental contribution of the liquid extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on the Vima-4 mung bean's variety of growth. The concentration of the selected liquid extract of Moringa oleifera is 25%, 50%, and 75%. Notably, the application of Moringa oleifera leaves extract significantly increases the green been growth rate. The basic parameters such as the stem length, the number of leaves, seed mass, and the number of seeds in a pod increase after the treatment. It is hypothesized that a higher concentration of phytohormone within the Moringa oleifera leaves water extract could be the vital trigger for the green been growth. Therefore, the underlying data of this study of Moringa oleifera leaves extract may become the potential biostimulant on plant growth dan development. This extract may offer an alternative solution to decrease chemical fertilizer utilization and improve seed production-related food resilience and market supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is an experimental study aiming at determining the protein content, digestibility, color, texture, and hedonic quality of taste and aroma in plain bread with the substitution of Moringa leaf flour from Madura island as much as 5%, 10%, and 15%. Data were analyzed using the current One Way ANOVA and continued with LSD. The research results showed that white bread with the addition of 15% kelor leaf flour had the highest value in protein content (9.82%), digestibility value (93.35%), and texture (10.50 N/cm2). Interestingly, the significant b* value (28.2) was found in 10% kelor leaf supplementation while the L* value (46.25), a* value (18.95), taste (3.89), flavor (4.00) were significantly higher in the addition of 5% kelor leaf flour. Therefore, the combined ingredients with kelor leaf flour in bread making can increase the nutritional value and significantly changes the bread morphology-related surface color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is cancer with a high prevalence in the world, Asia, and Indonesia. Some HCC can be caused by a viral infection, consuming alcohol for an extended period, and has recently been associated with metabolic syndrome. Liver fibrogenesis is the initial stage of HCC and significantly correlates to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression. TGF-β leads to disease progression stages, from early liver damage through inflammation and fibrosis to cirrhosis and (HCC). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of green material Moringa oleifera on the expression of TGF-β in the mice model develop to HCC. This study was conducted using a BALB C mice model treated with intraperitoneal injections of green material Moringa oleifera +CCl4 at a dose of 1 µL/1 g of BW for six weeks. The result shows a significant effect of green material Moringa oleifera on the decrease in TGF-β expression. Hence, green material Moringa oleifera can be a potential preventative agent for liver fibrogenesis-linked HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle mechanism underlying stunting, a growth disturbance, is not fully understood. One current hypothesis is that oxidative stress plays a role. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to 12.5 µg/L of rotenone and co-incubated with 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 µg/mL of M. oleifera ethanolic extracts administered in 2, 24, and 48 hours post-fertilization (hpf). At six days post-fertilization (dpf), zebrafish larvae were euthanized by submersion in ice water and lysed using RIPA buffer for ELISAs of caspase-3. The zebrafish length was measured at 3, 6, and 9 dpf. Administration of rotenone caused impairment of linear growth at 6 and 9 dpf through the formation of excessive free radicals. Rotenone increased the caspase-3 level on zebrafish larvae and decreased body length. The caspase-3 groups exposed to M. oleifera extracts were lower than those of the rotenone control group and the body length as well. Moringa oleifera contains flavonoid antioxidants, such as quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol that can inhibit cascade reactions caused by rotenone-induced oxidative stress. Moringa oleifera protects linear growth due to rotenone-induced stunting through the decreasing cell apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver fibrosis is the initial step of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver fibrosis can be triggered by metabolic perturbation, viral infection, and harmful chemical exposure. This in vivo study aims to investigate the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) from Madura Island as the future candidate for antifibrosis and hepatoprotective agent. The study was conducted to evaluate the alteration of circulating levels of liver injury marker-linked liver fibrosis development, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST). The animal model was prepared using Balb-c mice age 6-8 weeks treated by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) dose 1 µL/g of BW for six weeks to induce liver fibrosis. The experimental groups were received green materials Moringa oleifera leaf powder solution with a serial dosage by peroral administration for six weeks. Interestingly, our animal model's preliminary study shows that the administration of green materials MOLP can alleviate the increase of ALT and AST. MOLP treatment can also prevent significant changes in liver weight, morphology, and even histological feature-associated liver injury and fibrosis. Hence, MOLP Madura Island may become the future green materials source for cancer herbal drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]