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In this article totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) with constrained hopping and parallel dynamics at a junction is investigated using a mean-field approximation and Monte Carlo simulations. The constrained particle hopping probability r (r ≤ 1) at a junction may correspond to a delay caused by a driver choosing the right direction or a delay waiting for green traffic light in the real world. There are six stationary phases in the system, which can reflect free flow and congested traffic situations. Correlations at the junction point are investigated via simulations. It is observed that small r leads to stronger correlations. The theoretical results are agreement with computer simulations well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutron activation analysis is a highly sensitive non-destructive testing technique with important applications in industry, geoscience, medical therapy, etc. This work designed and optimized a thermal neutron device that utilized a portable D-D neutron generator, and the Monte Carlo method with the Geant4 toolkit was applied to simulation. The objective of the optimized design is to maximize the thermal neutron flux at the output surface and increase the utilization efficiency of the neutron generator. A parameter K was defined as a measure of the device's slowing capacity for neutrons and was used to determine the optimized device geometry. The simulation considered the contribution of different types and sizes of moderators and reflectors to the thermal neutron intensity to obtain the optimal size. The shielding protection of the device was then designed. The effectiveness of shielding with different thicknesses was evaluated using three dose reference points. The results indicated that the optimized device can achieve a maximum thermal neutron flux of 1.97 × 105 n∙cm−2∙s−1 at the output surface by using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as the moderator and nickel as the reflector. It was determined that using 45 cm of HDPE and 9 cm of lead protection in sequence along the neutron head axis would reduce the dose rate at the reference point, located 5 cm from the surface of the device, below the safety limit of 2.5 μSv/h. • Geant4 was used to optimize the design of a thermal neutron activation analysis setup based on a DD neutron generator. • A maximum thermal neutron flux of 1.97 × 105 n∙cm−2∙s−1 at the output surface. • The reference point dose rate is reduced to below the safe limit of 2.5 μSv/h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coded-aperture imagers typically have a smaller field-of-view (FOV) than in un-collimated gamma imaging systems. However, sources out of the fully coded field-of-view (FCFOV) can cause pseudo hotspots on the wrong side of an image reconstructed using the cross-correlation method. In this work, we propose a neural network method to identify and localize the sources within the partially coded field-of-view (PCFOV). The model was trained using Monte Carlo simulation data and evaluated with both simulation and experimental data. The results showed that the proposed model can identify and localize sources with good classification accuracy, low positioning error, and strong robustness to the statistical noise. • Sources localization within a partially coded field-of-view was investigated. • A neural network model was proposed to identify and localize sources. • The model was trained using Monte Carlo simulation data. • Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a novel natural environment background model by modeling brief environment conditions. It uses Geant4 program to simulate decays of 238 U, 232 Th, and 40 K in soil and obtains compositions of different-energy gamma rays in the natural environment background. The simulated gamma spectrum of the natural environment background agrees well with the experimental spectrum, particularly above 250 keV. The model is used in the simulation of anticoincidence measurement, indicating that the natural environment background can be decreased by approximately 88%, and the Compton attenuation factor is 2.22. The simulation of anticoincidence measurement can improve the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of the detection system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection speed of the tomographic gamma scanning (TGS) system with a detector array is faster than the single detector system. The NaI(Tl) detector is inexpensive and can work at room temperature, making it ideal for use in the TGS system with a fan-shaped detector array. The collimator of the TGS system is one of the critical elements to ensure the reconstructed image's quality. In addition to providing good detection efficiency of the detector while improving the system's spatial resolution, a proper collimator structure may also reduce cross-interference between segments. We propose a collimator design method for the TGS system with a fan-shaped NaI(Tl) detector array and combine it with the Monte Carlo method to optimize the collimator. We get the collimator aperture size and shape of the TGS system through the simulation results. Simultaneously, according to the detectors' equiangular sector arrangement limitation, we propose setting up a fan-shaped shield with adjustable depth and height at the detector collimator's front. The cross-interference between segments is effectively reduced without reducing the current segment's detection efficiency. The transmission image reconstruction shows that the collimator designed by this method can be used in the TGS system with the fan-shaped NaI(Tl) detector array. • The collimator of the TGS system with the fan-shaped NaI(Tl) detector array is optimized with the Monte Carlo method. • The fan-shaped shield effectively reduces the cross-interference between segments. • A TGS system with a fan-shaped NaI(Tl) detector array is adopted to reconstruct transmission tomography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]