1. Artery-to-vein anastomoses in unequally divided placentas and their association with birthweight discordance.
- Author
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Noll, A.T.R., Lof, F.C., Groene, S.G., Haak, M.C., Lopriore, E., Russo, F.M., Slaghekke, F., Tollenaar, L.S.A., Van der Merwe, J., Verweij, E.J.T., and Lewi, L.
- Abstract
This study investigated the impact of the shared intertwin circulation in unequally divided monochorionic (MC) placentas on fetal growth. This retrospective analysis included color-dyed, unequally shared placentas from two tertiary centers. Exclusions included twin-twin transfusion syndrome, twin anemia polycythemia sequence, and lethal anomalies. Measurement of the external diameters and areas of the artery-to-artery (AA), artery-to-vein (AV), and vein-to-vein (VV) anastomoses was performed. The ratio of the shared circulation (AV ratio) was determined by comparing the areas of the summed venous components of shared AV anastomoses to those in the individual AV anastomoses of the smaller placental part. The birth weight ratio/placental ratio (BWR/PR), total AV size areas and net AV transfusion were calculated. Univariable and multivariable linear regressions were performed to assess the relationship between BWR/PR, the AV ratio, the areas of the different anastomoses and cord insertion discordance. Among 352 placentas, 97 % (340) had intertwin AV anastomoses, and 50 % (176) were from pregnancies with selective growth restriction. The AV ratio, AA, VV, total AV areas, and cord insertion discordance negatively correlated with BWR/PR. Multivariable linear regression confirmed the independent negative association between BWR/PR and the AV ratio, suggesting that a larger shared circulation benefits the twin with the smaller placental part. Type III sFGR placentas exhibited the highest AV ratio, resulting in the lowest BWR/PR. A larger shared circulation mitigates the impact of an unequally divided placenta on fetal growth. This effect surpasses the influence of AA and VV diameters and is most prominent in Type III sFGR placentas. [Display omitted] • A relatively large shared circulation lowers the birthweight discordance. • This effect is independent of the size of artery-to-artery and vein-to-vein anastomosis. • Type III sFGR show the largest shared circulation and the lowest birthweight discordance. • Consider 'rescue exchange' to describe this phenomenon accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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