15 results on '"Aotidae parasitology"'
Search Results
2. Leishmania (Viannia) DNA detection by PCR-RFLP and sequencing in free-ranging owl monkeys (Aotus azarai azarai) from Formosa, Argentina.
- Author
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Acardi SA, Rago MV, Liotta DJ, Fernandez-Duque E, and Salomón OD
- Subjects
- Animals, Argentina epidemiology, Female, Leishmania isolation & purification, Leishmaniasis epidemiology, Leishmaniasis parasitology, Male, Monkey Diseases epidemiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Psychodidae parasitology, Aotidae parasitology, Leishmania genetics, Leishmaniasis veterinary, Monkey Diseases parasitology, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Abstract
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus, and transmitted by females of the Phlebotominae family. The role of wild and domestic hosts in the cycle of Leishmania is still unknown. ACL is endemic in the province of Formosa where Nyssomyia neivai was the most abundant species in several captures and 31 cumulative ACL human cases were reported between 2005 and 2011 in the province. The present report describes the detection, by PCR-RFLP and confirmed by sequencing, of subgenus Leishmania (Viannia) DNA in four free-ranging owl monkeys (Aotus azarai azarai) from Formosa Province. The sequence amplified was the mini-exon gene present in tandem repeats in all species of the Leishmania genus from buffy coat samples. The absence of inhibitors in the samples was checked by a β-globin protocol originally designed to amplify the human β-globin gene. However, other free-ranging primates were found with natural infections of L. (V) braziliensis complex and Leishmania (Viannia) subgenus by parasitological means in America. To the best of our knowledge, there are no published reports on detection of subgenus Leishmania (Viannia) DNA by PCR-RFLP in argentinean free-ranging primates. Additional eco-epidemiological and parasitological studies are necessary to confirm owl monkeys, or any other natural infected mammal species detected by PCR, as a reservoir, incidental host or to propose it as an animal model for research on this topic., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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3. Biochemical and haematological parameters in owl monkeys infected and uninfected with Trypanoxyuris sp.
- Author
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Barros Monteiro FO, Coutinho LN, de Araújo KF, Barros Monteiro MV, de Castro PH, da Silva KS, Benigno RN, and Vicente WR
- Subjects
- Alanine Transaminase blood, Animals, Aotidae blood, Aspartate Aminotransferases blood, Blood Chemical Analysis, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine blood, Female, Hematologic Tests methods, Humans, Male, Monkey Diseases blood, Parasite Egg Count methods, Parasitic Diseases, Animal blood, Reference Values, Sex Factors, Aotidae parasitology, Monkey Diseases parasitology, Parasitic Diseases, Animal parasitology
- Abstract
The objective of the present study was to report the occurrence of Trypanoxyuris in owl monkeys, using data from clinical and haematological examinations, as well as clinical chemistry (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) of infected and uninfected animals. Twenty animals in apparently good clinical health were studied. The coproparasitological examinations showed eggs compatible with Trypanoxyuris sp. in 50% of animals. The number of red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in the males, compared to the females, irrespective of parasitism. However, comparing segmented neutrophils in infected males and females, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed. All blood chemistry values were considered normal for the species pattern, even though significant differences were observed for BUN and ALT in infected males. The infection by Trypanoxyuris sp. did not appear to interfere with the clinical condition of animals.
- Published
- 2009
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4. Infection of mosquitoes with Plasmodium falciparum by feeding on humans and on Aotus monkeys.
- Author
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Collins WE, Jeffery GM, Sullivan JS, Nace D, Williams T, Galland GG, Williams A, and Barnwell JW
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- Animals, Host-Parasite Interactions, Humans, Anopheles parasitology, Aotidae parasitology, Insect Vectors parasitology, Malaria, Falciparum transmission, Monkey Diseases transmission, Plasmodium falciparum physiology
- Abstract
Of 1,004 positive lots of mosquitoes fed on 229 humans infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 46.2% had 1-10 oocysts/(+)gut, 21.2% had 10-30 oocysts/(+)gut, 22.2% had 30-100 oocysts/(+)gut, and 10.4% had > 100 oocysts/(+) gut. The highest levels of infection occurred between 6 and 15 days after the peak in the asexual parasite count. Of 2,281 lots of Anopheles freeborni mosquitoes fed on splenectomized Aotus monkeys infected with the Santa Lucia strain of P. falciparum, 1,191 were infected (52.2%). The highest intensity infections ranged from 2.78 oocysts per positive gut in mosquitoes fed on Aotus vociferans to 6.08 oocysts per positive gut for those fed on A. lemurinus griseimembra to 10.4 oocysts per positive gut for those fed on A. nancymaae. The pattern of infection for mosquitoes fed on splenectomized Aotus monkeys was similar to that obtained by feeding on humans, but the intensity, based on oocyst/(+)gut, was much lower.
- Published
- 2009
5. Transmission of different strains of Plasmodium cynomolgi to Aotus nancymaae monkeys and relapse.
- Author
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Collins WE, Sullivan JS, Nace D, Williams T, Williams A, and Barnwell JW
- Subjects
- Animals, Anopheles parasitology, Antimalarials therapeutic use, Chloroquine therapeutic use, Insect Vectors parasitology, Malaria drug therapy, Malaria parasitology, Malaria transmission, Monkey Diseases drug therapy, Monkey Diseases transmission, Parasitemia parasitology, Parasitemia transmission, Plasmodium cynomolgi classification, Recurrence, Aotidae parasitology, Malaria veterinary, Monkey Diseases parasitology, Plasmodium cynomolgi physiology
- Abstract
Forty-four splenectomized Aotus nancymaae monkeys were infected with 6 different strains of Plasmodium cynomolgi, 11 via trophozoites and 33 via sporozoites. Sporozoites from Anopheles dirus, Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles maculatus, and Anopheles stephensi resulted in prepatent periods ranging from 9 to 39 days (median of 15 days). Importantly, relapse was demonstrated in 5 of 5 sporozoite-induced infections with the Rossan strain following treatment with chloroquine.
- Published
- 2009
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6. Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazilian Amazonia: Lineages TCI and TCIIa in wild primates, Rhodnius spp. and in humans with Chagas disease associated with oral transmission.
- Author
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Marcili A, Valente VC, Valente SA, Junqueira AC, da Silva FM, Pinto AY, Naiff RD, Campaner M, Coura JR, Camargo EP, Miles MA, and Teixeira MM
- Subjects
- Animals, Aotidae parasitology, Brazil epidemiology, Cebidae parasitology, Chagas Disease epidemiology, Chagas Disease parasitology, Chagas Disease transmission, Cytochromes b genetics, DNA, Protozoan genetics, Genotype, Humans, Monkey Diseases epidemiology, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Genetic, Primates parasitology, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique methods, Saguinus parasitology, Species Specificity, Trypanosoma cruzi genetics, Trypanosoma cruzi isolation & purification, Chagas Disease veterinary, Insect Vectors parasitology, Monkey Diseases parasitology, Rhodnius parasitology, Trypanosoma cruzi classification
- Abstract
In this study, we provide phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence that the Trypanosoma cruzi lineages T. cruzi I (TCI) and T. cruzi IIa (TCIIa) circulate amongst non-human primates in Brazilian Amazonia, and are transmitted by Rhodnius species in overlapping arboreal transmission cycles, sporadically infecting humans. TCI presented higher prevalence rates, and no lineages other than TCI and TCIIa were found in this study in wild monkeys and Rhodnius from the Amazonian region. We characterised TCI and TCIIa from wild primates (16 TCI and five TCIIa), Rhodnius spp. (13 TCI and nine TCIIa), and humans with Chagas disease associated with oral transmission (14 TCI and five TCIIa) in Brazilian Amazonia. To our knowledge, TCIIa had not been associated with wild monkeys until now. Polymorphisms of ssrDNA, cytochrome b gene sequences and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns clearly separated TCIIa from TCIIb-e and TCI lineages, and disclosed small intra-lineage polymorphisms amongst isolates from Amazonia. These data are important in understanding the complexity of the transmission cycles, genetic structure, and evolutionary history of T. cruzi populations circulating in Amazonia, and they contribute to both the unravelling of human infection routes and the pathological peculiarities of Chagas disease in this region.
- Published
- 2009
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7. Comparison of various anthelmintic therapies for the treatment of Trypanoxyuris microon infection in owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae).
- Author
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Bentzel DE and Bacon DJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Antinematodal Agents administration & dosage, Female, Ivermectin administration & dosage, Male, Monkey Diseases parasitology, Oxyuriasis drug therapy, Pyrantel Pamoate administration & dosage, Thiabendazole administration & dosage, Antinematodal Agents therapeutic use, Aotidae parasitology, Ivermectin therapeutic use, Monkey Diseases drug therapy, Oxyuriasis veterinary, Pyrantel Pamoate therapeutic use, Thiabendazole therapeutic use
- Abstract
Trypanoxyuris microon is a pinworm that infects New World nonhuman primates, including Aotus nancymae. Although it typically is clinically insignificant, infection may serve as a significant variable during experimental data analysis. In this study we sought to determine the most effective anthelmintic therapy for eradication of T. microon infection in A. nancymae. Animals confirmed to be infected with T. microon by perianal tape test were treated twice (on days 0 and 14) with pyrantel pamoate, ivermectin, or thiabendazole and evaluated for eggs by daily perianal tape test throughout the entire 28-d period. Successful clearance of eggs was defined as 5 consecutive negative perianal tape tests. Pyrantel pamoate and ivermectin were significantly more effective at egg clearance than were thiabendazole and no treatment. Overall, 100% of the pyrantel pamoate and ivermectin treatment groups were cleared of infection after 2 treatments, whereas only 60% of the thiabendazole group became negative for pinworm eggs. In addition, the time after treatment until clearance was 1 to 2 d for pyrantel pamoate, 2 to 4 d for thiabendazole, and 4 to 6.5 d for ivermectin. These results indicate that pyrantel pamoate was the most effective and rapidly acting anthelmintic for the treatment of adult T. microon infection, with ivermectin as a suitable alternative. However because of the potential for continued development of immature stages or reinfection, anthelmintic doses should be repeated after 1 to 2 wk, in combination with effective environmental sanitation.
- Published
- 2007
8. Studies on sporozoite-induced and chronic infections with Plasmodium fragile in Macaca mulatta and New World monkeys.
- Author
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Collins WE, Warren M, Sullivan JS, Galland GG, Strobert E, Nace D, Williams A, Williams T, and Barnwell JW
- Subjects
- Animals, Anopheles parasitology, Aotidae parasitology, Chronic Disease, Colombia, Erythrocyte Count veterinary, Hematocrit, Hemoglobins analysis, India, Insect Vectors parasitology, Malaria parasitology, Malaria transmission, Monkey Diseases blood, Monkey Diseases transmission, Parasitemia parasitology, Parasitemia transmission, Parasitemia veterinary, Peru, Plasmodium classification, Saimiri parasitology, Sporozoites physiology, Sri Lanka, Macaca mulatta parasitology, Malaria veterinary, Monkey Diseases parasitology, Plasmodium physiology, Platyrrhini parasitology
- Abstract
Plasmodium fragile continues to be investigated because of its biologic similarities to the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Two strains of P. fragile are available for study; one strain is able to infect mosquitoes, whereas the other strain is transmissible only by blood inoculation. The Sri Lanka strain of P. fragile was transmitted to Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, Aotus nancymaae, Aotus vociferans, and Saimiri boliviensis monkeys via sporozoites that developed to maturity only in Anopheles dirus mosquitoes. The prepatent periods ranged from 12 to 35 days for macaques and from 15 to 30 days for New World monkeys after intravenous injection of sporozoites. Eight rhesus monkeys were infected with the Nilgiri strain and followed for 482 days. Parasitemia in 6 animals persisted at relatively high density through the period of observation. Erythrocyte, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values reached their lowest levels 3 wk after infection and slowly recovered; however, the values did not approach preinfection levels as long as parasitemia persisted in the monkeys. The mean corpuscular volume and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration reached their peak and lowest values, respectively, at day 38 and then returned to the preinfection level. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin value decreased to its lowest level at day 87 and then returned to preinfection level.
- Published
- 2006
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9. Endemic infections of Parastrongylus (=Angiostrongylus) costaricensis in two species of nonhuman primates, raccoons, and an opossum from Miami, Florida.
- Author
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Miller CL, Kinsella JM, Garner MM, Evans S, Gullett PA, and Schmidt RE
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Wild, Animals, Zoo, Female, Florida epidemiology, Male, Monkey Diseases diagnosis, Monkey Diseases epidemiology, Strongylida Infections diagnosis, Strongylida Infections epidemiology, Angiostrongylus isolation & purification, Aotidae parasitology, Hylobates parasitology, Monkey Diseases parasitology, Opossums parasitology, Raccoons parasitology, Strongylida Infections veterinary
- Abstract
Parastrongylus (=Angiostrongylus) costaricensis was first reported in the United States from cotton rats, Sigmodon hispidus, in Texas in 1979. Here, we report the findings of P. costaricensis in a siamang (Hylobates syndactylus) from the Miami MetroZoo, in 2 Ma's night monkeys (Aotus nancymaae) from the DuMond Conservancy located at Monkey Jungle in Miami, in 4 raccoons (Procyon lotor) trapped near the MetroZoo, and in an opossum (Didelphis virginiana) trapped at the MetroZoo. These records are the first records of P. costaricensis from all 4 species of hosts. All of the primates were zoo-born, and the raccoons and opossum were native, indicating that this parasite is now endemic at these 2 sites.
- Published
- 2006
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10. Rio Meta strain of Plasmodium vivax in New World monkeys and anopheline mosquitoes.
- Author
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Collins WE, Sullivan JS, Galland GG, Barnwell JW, Nace D, Williams A, Williams T, and Bounngaseng A
- Subjects
- Animals, Colombia, Erythrocytes parasitology, Malaria, Vivax parasitology, Malaria, Vivax transmission, Monkey Diseases transmission, Parasitemia parasitology, Parasitemia veterinary, Serial Passage, Splenectomy, Anopheles parasitology, Aotidae parasitology, Insect Vectors parasitology, Malaria, Vivax veterinary, Monkey Diseases parasitology, Plasmodium vivax physiology
- Abstract
An archived strain of Plasmodium vivax, isolated from Rio Meta, northern Colombia, in 1972 was adapted to grow in splenectomized Aotus lemurinus griseimembra and A. nancymai monkeys. Anopheles freeborni, An. maculatus, An. dirus, An. culicifacies, and An. albimanus were shown to be susceptible to infection by feeding on infected monkeys. Infections were more readily obtained by feeding on A. L. griseimembra than on A. nancymai. Transmission through sporozoites was obtained in an A. l. griseimembra monkey after a prepatent period of 24 days.
- Published
- 2004
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11. Severe anemia affects both splenectomized and non-splenectomized Plasmodium falciparum-infected Aotus infulatus monkeys.
- Author
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Carvalho LJ, Alves FA, de Oliveira SG, do Valle Rdel R, Fernandes AA, Muniz JA, and Daniel-Ribeiro CT
- Subjects
- Anemia etiology, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Malaria, Falciparum complications, Male, Parasitemia veterinary, Severity of Illness Index, Splenectomy veterinary, Anemia veterinary, Aotidae parasitology, Malaria, Falciparum veterinary, Monkey Diseases parasitology, Plasmodium falciparum
- Abstract
Severe anemia is the earliest and a frequently fatal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Here we describe Aotus infulatus as a primate model suitable to study this malaria complication. Both non-splenectomized and splenectomized monkeys receiving different inocula of P. falciparum FVO strain presented large (> 50%) decreases in hematocrit values during infection. Non-splenectomized animals were able to control parasite growth (parasitemia did not exceed 4%), but they had to be treated because of severe anemia. Three of 4 splenectomized monkeys did not control parasitemia and were treated, but developed severe anemia after treatment when presenting a negative blood film. Destruction of parasitized red blood cells alone cannot account for the degree of anemia. Non-splenectomized monkeys repeatedly infected with homologous parasites became rapidly and progressively resistant to reinfection and to the development of severe anemia. The data presented here point to A. infulatus as a suitable model for studying the pathogenesis of severe malarial infection.
- Published
- 2003
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12. Adaptation of a strain of Plasmodium vivax from India to New World monkeys, chimpanzees, and anopheline mosquitoes.
- Author
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Sullivan JS, Strobert E, Yang C, Morris CL, Galland GG, Richardson BB, Bounngaseng A, Kendall J, McClure H, and Collins WE
- Subjects
- Animals, Aotidae parasitology, India, Insect Vectors parasitology, Malaria, Vivax diagnosis, Monkey Diseases diagnosis, Parasitemia diagnosis, Plasmodium vivax pathogenicity, Saimiri parasitology, Splenectomy, Adaptation, Biological, Anopheles parasitology, Cebidae parasitology, Malaria, Vivax veterinary, Monkey Diseases parasitology, Pan troglodytes parasitology, Plasmodium vivax classification
- Abstract
A strain of Plasmodium vivax from India was adapted to develop in splenectomized Saimiri boliviensis, Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, A vociferans, A. nancymai, A. azarae boliviensis, hybrid Aotus monkeys, and splenectomized chimpanzees. Infections were induced via the inoculation of sporozoites dissected from the salivary glands of Anopheles stephensi and An. dirus mosquitoes to 12 Aotus and 8 Saimiri monkeys; transmission via the bites of infected An. stephensi was made to 1 Aotus monkey and 1 chimpanzee. The intravenous passage of infected erythrocytes was made to 9 Aotus monkeys and 4 chimpanzees. Gametocytes in 13 Aotus monkeys and 4 chimpanzees were infectious to mosquitoes. Infection rates were markedly higher in mosquitoes fed on chimpanzees. PCR studies on 10 monkeys injected with sporozoites revealed the presence of parasites before their detection by microscopic examination. The India VII strain of P. vivax develops in Aotus and Saimiri monkeys and chimpanzees following the injection of parasitized erythrocytes, or sporozoites, or both. The transmission rate via sporozoites to New World monkeys of approximately 50% may be too low for the testing of sporozoite vaccines or drugs directed against the exoerythrocytic stages. However, the strain is highly infectious to commonly available laboratory-maintained anopheline mosquitoes. Mosquito infection is especially high when feedings are made with gametocytes from splenectomized chimpanzees.
- Published
- 2001
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13. Schistosoma mansoni infection in owl monkeys (Aontus nancymai): evidence for the early elimination of adult worms.
- Author
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Noya O, Gonzalez-Rico S, Rodriguez R, Arrechedera H, Patarroyo ME, and Alarcon de Noya B
- Subjects
- Animals, Aotidae physiology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay veterinary, Feces parasitology, Granuloma immunology, Granuloma parasitology, Granuloma veterinary, Hematocrit veterinary, Hemoglobins analysis, Intestines parasitology, Intestines pathology, Leukocyte Count veterinary, Liver parasitology, Liver pathology, Lung parasitology, Lung pathology, Male, Monkey Diseases parasitology, Parasite Egg Count veterinary, Praziquantel therapeutic use, Precipitin Tests veterinary, Schistosoma mansoni physiology, Schistosomiasis mansoni immunology, Schistosomiasis mansoni parasitology, Schistosomicides therapeutic use, Snails, Aotidae parasitology, Disease Models, Animal, Monkey Diseases immunology, Schistosoma mansoni immunology, Schistosomiasis mansoni veterinary
- Abstract
Detailed parasitologic, serologic, clinical and histopathologic studies were conducted in owl monkeys (Aotus nancymai) exposed to varying numbers of cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. All the experimental animals had clinical symptoms suggestive of infection (weight loss diarrhoea, mucus in stools, etc.) which were not seen in uninfected individuals. The only A. vociferans included in this study passed S. mansoni eggs 8 weeks after infection. None of the A. nancymai passed eggs in their faeces. No adult worms were recovered following perfusion of the sacrificed experimental monkeys, suggesting that they were early eliminated. Serological techniques (ELISA-SEA and COPT) allowed diagnosis of infection, starting 9 weeks post challenge, in all but one A. nancymai exposed to 100 cercariae. Granulomas containing eggs were observed predominantly in liver and less extensively in intestine, suggesting that adult worms were mainly lodged in the intrahepatic portal system. We conclude that A. nancymai is susceptible to infection with S. mansoi, with the worms reaching sexual maturity, but being eliminated shortly after oviposition.
- Published
- 1998
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14. Attempts to transmit the N-3 strain of Plasmodium fieldi to Aotus monkeys.
- Author
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Sullivan JS, Morris CL, Richardson BB, Galland GG, and Collins WE
- Subjects
- Animals, Anopheles parasitology, Erythrocytes parasitology, Insect Vectors parasitology, Liver parasitology, Malaria transmission, Parasitemia transmission, Plasmodium isolation & purification, Aotidae parasitology, Malaria veterinary, Monkey Diseases transmission, Parasitemia veterinary, Plasmodium physiology
- Abstract
Aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys inoculated with parasitized erythrocytes of the N-3 strain of Plasmodiumfieldi had transient low-density parasitemia. Exoerythrocytic stages of this strain of parasite were demonstrated in sections of liver from Aotus vociferans monkeys taken 8 days after the intravenous inoculation of sporozoites dissected from the salivary glands of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes; no blood-stage infections were observed.
- Published
- 1998
15. Diagnostic exercise: intestinal parasitism in an owl monkey.
- Author
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Dunn DG
- Subjects
- Animals, Duodenum parasitology, Female, Trematode Infections parasitology, Aotidae parasitology, Monkey Diseases parasitology, Trematode Infections veterinary
- Published
- 1993
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