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Dijkstra, Henk H., Beu, Alan G. (2018): Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae). Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2): 113-330, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.70.2018.1670, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.70.2018.1670

Twenty species of Pectinoidea (12 Propeamussiidae, three Cyclochlamydidae, five Pectinidae) are herein listed. Six new species of Pectinoidea (three Propeamussiidae, three Cyclochlamydidae) are from littoral and bathyal depths of the western and southwestern Pacific, sampled by various expeditions and cruises to Papua New Guinea and the South China Sea, viz. Propeamussium regillum n. sp. from the bathyal Bismarck and Solomon Seas, Parvamussium minusculum n. sp. from the lower bathyal South China Sea, Cyclopecten inoculatus n. sp. from the bathyal Bismarck Sea, Cyclochlamys corrugata n. sp., Cyclochlamys barbatula n. sp. and Micropecten reticulatus n. sp. from shallow coastal waters of Papua New Guinea. Fourteen species of Pectinoidea (nine Propeamussiidae, five Pectinidae) are new records for the Bismarck Sea (five), for the Solomon Sea (four), and for the South China Sea (seven).

Mitotic chromosome preparations of the interspecific hybrids Chlamys farreri (Jones & Preston, 1904) × Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857), C. farreri × Argopecten irradians (Lamarck, 1819) and C. farreri × Mimachlamys nobilis (Reeve, 1852) were used to compare two different scallop genomes in a single slide. Although genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using genomic DNA from each scallop species as probe painted mitotic chromosomes of the interspecific hybrids, the painting results were not uniform; instead it showed species-specific distribution patterns of fluorescent signals among the chromosomes. The most prominent GISH-bands were mainly located at centromeric or telomeric regions of scallop chromosomes. In order to illustrate the sequence constitution of the GISH-bands, the satellite Cf303 sequences of C. farreri and the vertebrate telomeric (TTAGGG)n sequences were used to map mitotic chromosomes of C. farreri by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The results indicated that the GISH-banding pattern presented by the chromosomes of C. farreri is mainly due to the distribution of the satellite Cf303 DNA, therefore suggesting that the GISH-banding patterns found in the other three scallops could also be the result of the chromosomal distribution of other species-specific satellite DNAs.

Interspecific crossing was artificially carried out between Chlamys farreri (Jones & Preston, 1904) ♀ and Argopecten irradians irradians (Lamarck, 1819) ♂, two of the dominant cultivated scallop species in China. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was used to examine the chromosome constitution and variation in hybrids at early embryonic stage. The number of chromosomes in 66.38% of the metaphases was 2n = 35 and the karyotype was 2n = 3 m + 5 sm + 16 st + 11 t. After GISH, two parental genomes were clearly distinguished in hybrids, most of which comprised 19 chromosomes derived from their female parent (Chlamys farreri) and 16 chromosomes from their male parent (Argopecten irradians irradians). Some chromosome elimination and fragmentation was also observed in the hybrids.

Twenty-five species of Pectinoidea (24 Propeamussiidae, 1 Cyclochlamydidae) are herein listed from the Mozambique Channel, northwestern and southern Madagascar, and northeastern South Africa. New species: Propeamussium rosadoi, Parvamussium catillus, Parvamussium kilburni, Parvamussium puillandrei, Parvamussium strongae, Cyclopecten cassiculus, Cyclopecten kantori, Cyclochlamys bacachorda. New synonym: Amussium sewelli Knudsen, 1967 = Propeamussium watsoni (E.A. Smith, 1885). New records for the Mozambique Channel and northwestern Madagascar: Propeamussium andamanicum, Propeamussium arabicum, Propeamussium caducum, Propeamussium jeffreysii, Propeamussium sibogai, Propeamussium watsoni, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Parvamussium torresi, Parvamussium vesiculatum, Cyclopecten kapalae, Similipecten eous. New records for southern Madagascar: Propeamussium jeffreysii, Propeamussium sibogai, Propeamussium watsoni, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Parvamussium thyrideum, Parvamussium vesiculatum, Parvamussium vidalense, Cyclopecten kapalae, Similipecten eous. New record for South Africa: Propeamussium jeffreysii, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Cyclopecten horridus, Similipecten eous.

The faunas of the highly fossiliferous Pirabas Formation belong to the southern part of the biogeographical unit known as "Neogene Tropical America". This unit developed prior to the closure of the Central American Seaway by the Isthmus of Panama. Until now, the age of the Pirabas Formation was inferred only from biostratigraphy. The Sr-isotope (87Sr/86Sr) values of pectinid shells from the Pirabas Formation show that most parts of this unit were deposited during the Late Burdigalian (about 16-17 Ma ). This result does not contradict biostratigraphic data and it constrains the age of the Pirabas Formation more tightly than do previous estimates of age, it for future, more precise biogeographical comparisons. Fil: Martinez, Sergio. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Feijó Ramos, María Inês. Museo Paraense Emilio Goeldi; Brasil Fil: McArthur, John M.. University College London; Estados Unidos Fil: del Río, Claudia Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina Fil: Thirlwall, Matthew F.. Royal Holloway University Of London; Reino Unido

Eighteen species of Pectinoidea (six Propeamussiidae Abbott, 1954, one Entoliidae Teppner, 1922, eleven Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815) are listed from the Tarava Seamounts, Society Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. Four Propeamussiidae species (Parvamussium lamellatum n. sp., Parvamussium scutulatum n. sp., Parvamussium vesiculosum n. sp., Cyclopecten comptulus n. sp.) are new to science.

This paper describes 97 molluskan species (45 Bivalvia, 3 Scaphopoda, 49 Gastropoda) recovered from bathyal bottoms off Santa Maria di Leuca (Puglia, Italy), in the northern Ionian Sea, and provides data about their taxonomy, geographical distribution, habitat, ecological requirements and fossil record. Only 6 species remain unidentified, and all are illustrated. The bivalve-dominated assemblages belong to the so-called "cold-water coral ecosystem". They appear to depend mainly on substrate characteristics, with faunas related to hard substrate around coral-colonized mound tops, and mud-related ones in inter-mound areas, respectively. Nuculanoida and Pectinoidea among bivalves, and Conoidea and Pyramidelloidea among gastropods are the most diverse suprafamilial groups. The present paper is the first comprehensive taxonomic overview of Mediterranean bathyal mollusks including larval shell characters.

New shell microstructure data for the Triassic pectinid Pleuronectites reinforce shell morphological data suggesting that its family Pectinidae was derived from the superfamily Aviculopectinoidea and not from the Pernopectinidae-Entolioidesidae-Entoliidae clade. This would make the superfamily Pectinoidea, as defined by recent authors, polyphyletic. This would also imply that alivincular-alate ligaments evolved independently in the Pernopectinidae-Entolioidesidae-Entolidae and Pectinidae clades.

Twenty-nine species of Pectinoidea (12 Propeamussiidae, 1 Entoliidae, 16 Pectinidae) are recorded from the Austral Islands, the southernmost archipelago of French Polynesia. One genus (Pectinidae: Lamellipecten n. gen.) and five species (Propeamussiidae: Parvamussium australanum n. sp., Cyclochlamys australensis n. sp., Cyclopecten ambiguus n. sp.; Pectinidae: Lamellipecten aduncus n. gen., n. sp., Mimachlamys erycina n. sp.) are new to science, and most others are new records for the archipelago. The near-shore fauna of Rapa has 12 species of Pectinidae, and half of these have narrow-range distributions. Such a remarkably high level of marine endemism is shared by other mollusc taxa on Rapa.

Twenty-nine species of Pectinoidea (12 Propeamussiidae, 1 Entoliidae, 16 Pectinidae) are recorded from the Austral Islands, the southernmost archipelago of French Polynesia. One genus (Pectinidae: Lamellipecten n. gen.) and five species (Propeamussiidae: Parvamussium australanum n. sp., Cyclochlamys australensis n. sp., Cyclopecten ambiguus n. sp.; Pectinidae: Lamellipecten aduncus n. gen., n. sp., Mimachlamys erycina n. sp.) are new to science, and most others are new records for the archipelago. The near-shore fauna of Rapa has 12 species of Pectinidae, and half of these have narrow-range distributions. Such a remarkably high level of marine endemism is shared by other mollusc taxa on Rapa.

The Icelandic pectinoid fauna is reviewed, based on material from the benthic survey programme BIOICE and 17 species are recorded. Similipecten oskarssoni is proposed as a replacement name for Pecten groenlandicus var. minor Locard, 1898 (Propeamussiidae), which is considered a valid species. Lectotypes are designated for Pecten groenlandicus var. minor and Pecten frigidus Jensen, 1904 (Pectinidae). Cyclopecten ambiannulatus Schein, 1989, Parvamussium propinquum (Smith, 1885), Catillopecten eucymatus (Dall, 1898), and Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) were previously not known from the Icelandic fauna. All species are figured and described and distinguishing characters are discussed. The distribution in Scandinavian and North Atlantic waters is revised based on the collections in SMNH. The low frequency of juvenile specimens of A. opercularis, Mimachlamys varia and Pecten maximus may indicate that Scandinavian populations are the result of very occasional recruitment.

This paper lists 22 pectinoid types (21 primary and one secondary) and three potential syntypes in the Museum of Natural History (ZMB) in Berlin. Eight lectotypes are designated herein for the stabilization of taxonomic names: Pecten aequatorialis, Pecten australis, Pecten clathratus, Camptonectes gaussianus, Pecten nigromaculatus, Pecten puncticulatus, Pecten pycnolepis and Pecten vesiculosus. Nomenclatural notes on the types and further specimens are provided and the current systematic positions of the covered taxa are reported.

Five species of epibenthic pycnogonids collected on the giant lion´s-paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus are recorded. A new species of Eurycyde, Eurycyde bamberi, is described. Of the 19 species known in this genus; the new species is closest to Eurycyde hispida Kroyer, 1844 but differs from it in the absence of plumose spines and the shapes of the lateral process, first coxa, and ocular tubercle. The new species represents the third member of Eurycyde from the eastern Pacific in addition to Eurycyde spinosa Hilton, 1916 and Eurycyde clitellaria Stock, 1955. Besides Eurycyde bamberi, the following species were collected: Nymphopsis duodorsospinosa Hilton, 1942c; Callipallene californiensis (Hall, 1913); Nymphon lituus Child, 1979; and Pycnogonum rickettsi Schmitt, 1934. Pycnogonum rickettsi is recorded for first time from Mexican waters, as is Nymphon lituus from the western coast of Baja California Peninsula. Each of these four species are re-described and re-illustrated in order to fill in existing gaps in the literature of the region.

Nineteen species of Pectinoidea (16 Propeamussiidae, 3 Pectinidae) are herein listed. All species from the Solomon Islands (9 species), and New Caledonia (Norfolk Ridge [7], main island of New Caledonia [1], Grand Passage [1], Coral Sea [1]) are new records. Two Propeamussiidae species are new to science: Parvamussium orbiculatum n. sp. (Solomon Islands and Coral Sea) and Parvamussium perspicuum n. sp. (Vanuatu). One pectinid species from Vanuatu (Juxtamusium sp.) will be described later, when more material becomes available.

Thirty five species of Pectinoidea (33 Pectinidae, 2 Propeamussiidae) are described from Hansa Bay, Papua New Guinea. Serratovola pallula n. sp. is here introduced as new to science. Lectotypes are designated of Pecten cloacatus Reeve, 1853 and Pecten tricarinatus Anton, 1838, and type localities are designated for Pecten vexillum Reeve, 1853, Pecten spectabilis Reeve, 1853, and Ostrea squamosa Gmelin, 1791.

Ten species of the genus Spondylus are recorded from South Africa and Mozambique (6 from South Africa, 9 from Mozambique). Of these, only Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers , 1793, has been reported previously. Spondylus groschi from Mozambique and Natal is described as new. The remainder are widely distributed Indo-Pacific taxa: Spondylus cuneus Reeve, 1856, Spondylus sinensis Schreibers, 1793, Spondylus Occidens Sowerby, 1903, Spondylus sanguineus Dunker, 1852, Spondylus castus Reeve, 1856, Spondylus butleri Reeve, 1856, Spondylus flabellum Reeve, 1856, and Spondylus tenuispinosus Sowerby, 1847.

This paper documents the species of Pectinoidea Rafinesque, 1815 collected in Vanuatu during the SANTO 2006 expedition. A total of 49 species (13 Propeamussiidae Abbott, 1954, 4 Cyclochlamydidae n. fam., 1 Entoliidae Teppner, 1922, and 31 Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815) are represented, of which 70% are new records for Vanuatu. A new family, Cyclochlamydidae n. fam., is established for the genera Cyclochlamys Finlay, 1926, Chlamydella Iredale, 1929 and Micropecten n. gen., formerly placed in Propeamussiidae, but differing by their sculptured prodissoconch (smooth in Propeamussiidae), an occasionally antimarginally sculptured right valve (smooth or weak commarginally sculptured in Propeamussiidae), a (common) simple outer prismatic layer of longitudinally hexagonal microstructure on the right valve (an outer layer of columnar calcite in Propeamussiidae). The family Cyclochlamydidae n. fam. includes about 30 species, all with adult size in the 1.2-6 mm range, and living mainly in the Southern Hemisphere and Indo-West Pacific; the family is not known from the Arctic, the Atlantic, or the northern and eastern Pacific. One new genus, Micropecten n. gen., and two new species, Cyclochlamys aperta n. sp. and Micropecten excuratus n. gen., n. sp., are described.

Twenty-nine species of Pectinoidea (12 Propeamussiidae, 1 Entoliidae, 16 Pectinidae) are recorded from the Austral Islands, the southernmost archipelago of French Polynesia. One genus (Pectinidae: Lamellipecten n. gen.) and five species (Propeamussiidae: Parvamussium australanum n. sp., Cyclochlamys australensis n. sp., Cyclopecten ambiguus n. sp.; Pectinidae: Lamellipecten aduncus n. gen., n. sp., Mimachlamys erycina n. sp.) are new to science, and most others are new records for the archipelago. The near-shore fauna of Rapa has 12 species of Pectinidae, and half of these have narrow-range distributions. Such a remarkably high level of marine endemism is shared by other mollusc taxa on Rapa.

A further specimen of the rare allochthonous scallop Chlamys lischkei was found at Schiavonea di Corigliano Calabro, Gulf of Corigliano (Cosenza), while SCUBA diving at a depth of about 30 m on a muddy detritic bottom. This new single record, the third for the entire Mediterranean Sea and the second for the Italian Seas, confirms the sporadic presence, often believed uncertain, of this species in the Mediterranean Sea.

The Triassic fossil record points to the monophyly of the Pectinoidea (scallops), all members of which have a triangular resilium with a nonmineralized medial core that functions below the hinge line. The elastic properties of this resilium in extant taxa predict that the initial adaptation of the Pectinoidea was to swimming. This is indeed corroborated by the shell form of Pernopecten, the earliest known pectinoidean genus, which ranged from late Devonian to earliest Triassic. The new family Entolioididae, a largely Triassic group, provides the missing link between the Pernopectinidae and the families Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae, and Pectinidae, all of which originated by the Middle Triassic and survive to the present day. A new Triassic genus Filamussium shows that the Propeamussiidae originated from the Entolioididae, not directly from the Pernopectinidae as previously supposed. Evidence from morphology, the fossil record, and molecular genetics indicates that the family Spondylidae originated in the Middle Jurassic from an ancestor within the Pectinidae, possibly the genus Spondylopecten, which was already present in the Late Triassic. Journal compilation © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 148, 313–342. No claim to original US government works

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