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Hemicycla (Hemicycla) fulgida sp. nov. Type locality. Pista de Las Yedras, Anaga massif, Tenerife (UTM: 28 RCS 7456, 900 m altitude). Holotype ( Fig. 8 A). TFMC (MT 0394); leg. M.R. Alonso and M. Ib����ez, 15 th January 1993. Paratypes. 24 paratypes (4 preserved in ethanol specimens and 20 shells, collected between 1982 and 2006), TFMC (1 paratype: MT 0395) and AIT. Etymology. The name ��� fulgida ��� derives from the feminine of the Spanish adjective ���f��lgido��� and refers to the brilliant, radiant appearance of the shell. Distribution and habitat (Fig. 1). The species is endemic to Tenerife. It occurs at an altitude of 650���980 m, living between the very abundant dead leaves of the laurel forest from the Anaga massif (northeast Tenerife). Description. Body brown coloured (Fig. 3 B), sole pale-brown. The shell (Table 2; Figs. 3 B, 8 A) is imperforate, depressed globular but slightly conical in the first whorls, with 3 ����� 4 �� convex whorls and well marked sutures. The aperture is oblique and rounded, without angulations. The peristome is reflected in a white lip (corneous-yellowish above) which has a width of about 1 mm and covers the umbilicus. The shell has a small, weak and wide radial costulation combined in the body whorl with a malleate surface sculpture. The shell surface (Fig. 9 A,B) is glossy, brilliant and pale-brown to yellowish in colour. In some specimens there are four spiral, darker bands, two dorsal wide and frequently interrupted and two ventral narrower and more uniform. In many specimens the bands are wide, but interrupted forming irregular patches. These patches sometimes fuse with those of the neighbouring bands (dorsal or ventral), giving the appearance of irregular patches arranged radially. Genital system (Figs. 11 A, 12; 4 specimens dissected): Atrium short. The bursa copulatrix complex in the female genital system shows a moderately short diverticulum, shorter than the bursa copulatrix duct; the latter is also shorter than the slender, not swollen distally common stalk. The bursa copulatrix is rather small, globular. The female duct seemingly concludes in the common stalk duct (Figs. 11 A, 12 A) but in fact this duct and the vagina are close and they open up in the atrium, together with the dart sac, each independent of the others (Fig. 12 B). The dart sac is accompanied by a pair of branched tubular mucus glands. The dart (Fig. 13 C) is long (about 4.3 mm), slightly curved (almost straight), spear-head shaped, and has four lateral wings. Its transverse section resembles a normal cross (relationship width/depth = about 1.3) and is similar overall to that of some species of Helix, such as H. pomatia Linnaeus, 1758, H. lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 and H. aperta Born, 1778 (Meisenheimer 1912, Giusti & Lepri 1981, Giusti & Andreini 1988). FIGURE 6. Genital system and details. A���C. Hemicycla laurijona sp. nov., paratypes from the type locality. D���F. Hemicycla perraudierei, from Las Casillas, El Hierro. A, B, D, E. The whole genital system. C, F. Anatomy of the distal genital system; co, contact organ; e, epiphallus; go, genital orifice; pp 1, proximal penial papilla; pp 2, distal penial papilla; ri, ring zone. The male portion of the genital system shows a penial complex with a short flagellum, similar in length to the sum of the penis and epiphallus. The penis sheath is very thin, translucent and poorly visible. The retractor muscle has an epiphallar insertion and the penis has a system of twin papillae with a penial chamber between them (Fig. 12 B). The ���ring zone��� is visible from the exterior (Figs. 11 A, 12 A). A well-developed contact organ is located between the distal penial papilla and the atrium (Fig. 12 B). A specimen had a spermatophore partially digested in the common stalk of the bursa copulatrix system (Fig 13 A,B). This undigested part is a long, corneous sheet spirally rolled around the axis, forming a lengthwise open, filiform tube (diameter less than �� mm) folded inside the receiving duct. Another specimen everted the distal genital system during the fixation process (Fig. 14). Namely, the atrium and the entire penis were evaginated, whereas the distal end of the female part of the genital system was protruded. The boundary of the evagination has been studied by dissecting the penial evagination: the distal epiphallar folds are located immediately behind the hole of the proximal penial papilla, which is at the end of the evaginated penis (Fig. 14 C,D). The contact organ is at the base of the evaginated penis, immediately adjacent to a protuberant ring which corresponds to the ���ring zone��� of the non-evaginated penis. Remarks. Regarding the shell, the nearest species to Hemicycla fulgida are H. consobrina��� also from the Anaga laurel forest and similar areas (Figs. 8 C, 9 E,F, 10)���and H. invernicata (Figs. 8 B, 9 C,D), whose type locality is: "T��n��rife, environs de Sta-Cruz. Dans les creux d'arbres dans les bosquets �� la Esperanza, pr��s des Lagunes" [correct name: Las Lagunetas, about 1400 m altitude, including a pine forest; it is the area marked with the blue arrow in Figure 1]. The last two species are similar in appearance and Bank et al. (2002) grouped H. invernicata as a subspecies of H. consobrina. However, they differ in shell and genital characters. The aperture of the H. consobrina shell was described by Mousson (1872) as ���obtus��ment triangulaire��� (Fig. 10 A), with a very small callosity (Fig. 10 A���D, yellow arrows) in the same position as the smaller tooth-like callosity of the two present in the shell aperture of H. bidentalis (Lamarck, 1822), a well-known species living in the same area as H. fulgida and H. consobrina. The H. fulgida shell dimensions are smaller than those of the other two species mentioned above, which also are more depressed (Figs. 7,8). The shell ornamentation of H. fulgida and H. invernicata are very similar (Fig. 10 A���D), whereas the H. consobrina shell has a more developed malleation (Fig. 9 E���F). Moreover, H. fulgida and H. invernicata differ in their habitat: humid laurel forest and dry pine forest, respectively. The maximum diameter of the H. fulgida shell is similar to that of H. laurijona and H. perraudierei although the H. fulgida shell is higher than those of the other species (Fig. 7). Several other differences were found among H. fulgida, H. invernicata and H. consobrina regarding the genital system (Fig. 11). The H. fulgida genital system (Fig. 11 A) differs from that of H. invernicata (Fig. 11 B) and H. consobrina (Fig. 11 C) in the flagellum length. It is 1 / 3 longer than that of H. invernicata and about twice as long as that of H. consobrina. The atrium of the latter two species is longer than that of H. fulgida. The H. fulgida bursa copulatrix stalk is about twice as long, while the diverticulum is about 1 / 3 shorter than that of H. invernicata, in which the diverticulum is slightly longer than the bursa duct. The H. fulgida stalk and the bursa duct are about 1 / 3 longer than those of H. consobrina, while the diverticulae of both species are similar in length, and they are shorter than the respective bursa ducts. The main difference between the H. fulgida genital system and that of H. laurijona and H. perraudierei is related to the flagellum length. The diverticulum of H. fulgida is also shorter than that of H. laurijona and H. perraudierei, in comparison with the respective bursa duct length., Published as part of Alonso, Mar��a R. & Ib����ez, Miguel, 2007, Anatomy and function of the penial twin papillae system of the Helicinae (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Helicidae) and description of two new, small Hemicycla species from the laurel forest of the Canary Islands, pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 1482 on pages 9-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176897, {"references":["Meisenheimer, J. (1912) Die Weinbergschnecke Helix pomatia L. In: Ziegler, H. E. & Woltereck, R. (Eds.), Monographien einheimischer Tiere, 4. Verlag von Dr. Werner Klinkhardt, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 140.","Giusti, F. & Lepri, A. (1981) Aspetti morfologici ed etologici dell'accoppiamento in alcune specie della famiglia Helicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). In: Giusti F. (Ed.), Atti del IV ° Congresso della Societa Malacologica Italiana (Siena 6 - 9 Ottobre, 1978), pp. 11 - 71.","Giusti, F. & Andreini, S. (1988) Morphological and ethological aspects of mating in two species of the family Helicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Theba pisana (Muller) and Helix aperta Born. Monitore Zoologico Italiano (Nuova Serie), 22, 331 - 363.","Bank, R. A., Groh, K. & Ripken, T. E. J. (2002) Catalogue and bibliography of the non-marine Mollusca of Macaronesia (with colour-plates 14 - 26). In: Falkner, M., Groh, K. & Speight, M. C. D. (Eds.), Collectanea Malacologica- Festschrift fur Gerhard Falkner. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, 89 - 235.","Mousson, A. (1872) Revision de la faune malacologique des Canaries. Neue Denkschriften der allgemeinen schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 25 (1), I - V, 1 - 176 pp., 6 pl.","Lamarck, J. B. de (1822) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une Introduction offrant la determination des caracteres essentiels de l'Animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. J. B. Bailliere Libr., Paris, 6 (2), 232 pp."]}

Hemicycla (Hemicycla) laurijona sp. nov. Type locality. Barranco de Aramaqu��, La Gomera (UTM: 28 R BS 8114, 1000 m altitude). Holotype ( Fig. 4 A). TFMC (MT 0392); leg. M.R. Alonso and M. Ib����ez, 15 th February 1985. Paratypes. 45 paratypes collected between 1985 and 2006 (14 specimens, bodies preserved in ethanol and 31 shells): CHC (7 paratypes: 6 specimens, bodies preserved in ethanol, and 1 shell); TFMC (1 paratype: MT 0393) and AIT. Etymology. The name ��� laurijona ��� is a combination of the first five letters of the Spanish term ���laurisilva��� (= laurel forest) and the first four letters of the name ���Jonay���, the lover of Gara (The Garajonay National Park, in La Gomera, is named after both mythical lovers.). Distribution and habitat (Fig. 1). The species is endemic to La Gomera. It occurs at an altitude of 700��� 1280 m in the National Park of Garajonay and its surroundings. The live specimens (Fig. 3 A) were mainly found under moss on the trunks of trees in the laurel forest. Description. Body dark-brown coloured, sole pale-brown. The shell (Table 2; Figs. 2 A, 3 A, 4 A,B, 5 A���C) is imperforate, slightly depressed globular, with 3 ����� 4 �� low convex whorls and shallow sutures. The aperture is oblique, without angulations and rounded in the palatal zone. The white peristome is only slightly reflected in a lip in the palatal zone, whereas it is well reflected in the columellar zone, covering the umbilicus. The shell has a small, weak and wide radial costulation combined in the body whorl, with an also weak malleate surface sculpture. The shell surface is glossy, brilliant, with highly variable colouring. Some specimens are pale-brown, others dark brown; some are uniform, slightly reddish and others pale greenish coloured. In some specimens there are four, in others five spiral, darker bands: two-three dorsal bands narrow or wide, sometimes interrupted, and two ventral narrower and more uniform. In many specimens, all the bands are interrupted, forming irregular patches that fuse with those of the neighbouring bands, giving the shell a multicoloured appearance. Genital system (Fig. 6 A���C; 3 specimens dissected): Atrium short. The bursa copulatrix complex in the female genital system shows a moderately short diverticulum, slightly longer than the bursa copulatrix duct. The latter is slightly shorter than the common stalk and slightly swollen distally, shortly before entering the proximal vagina. The bursa copulatrix is rather small and globular, with its neck inserted into the diaphragm. The dart sac is accompanied by a pair of branched tubular mucus glands. The male portion of the genital system shows a penial complex with a very long flagellum, about 4���5 times longer than the distal male duct (i. e. that part of the penial complex between the retractor muscle insertion and the atrium). The penis sheath is very thin, translucent and poorly visible. The retractor muscle has an epiphallar insertion. The length proportions between the above mentioned male and female ducts are similar to those of the immature specimen shown in Fig. 6 B. The penis has a system of twin papillae with a penial chamber between them (Fig. 6 C). The penial chamber has pleated walls and is in fact the chamber of the distal penial papilla. The connection between the distal penial papilla and the penis wall is sometimes visible from the exterior (Fig. 6 B) and we named it as the ���ring zone���. A well developed contact organ is located between the distal penial papilla and the atrium. Remarks. The species most similar to H. laurijona in shell shape and shell dimensions is H. perraudierei (Figs. 4 C, 5 D���F) from El Hierro, the westernmost, youngest and smallest island of the archipelago, about 60 km distant from La Gomera. H. laurijona generally has a slightly smaller and more depressed shell than H. perraudierei (Figs. 4,5,7), and also a weaker shell malleation (Fig. 5), but the main morphological difference between both species is found in the female part of the genital organs, namely in the length of the stalk of the bursa copulatrix complex. The stalk in H. laurijona is, in fact, similar in length to that of the bursa copulatrix duct and of the diverticulum (Fig. 6 A,B), whereas in H. perraudierei it is nearly twice as long (Fig. 6 D,E). Both species also differ in their microhabitat. H. laurijona lives under moss on the tree trunks in the laurel forest of La Gomera, whereas H. perraudierei was found at a similar altitude (600���1100 m), in the upper area of the degraded laurel forests of El Golfo and Ti��or (El Hierro), among the leaves of Aeonium sp. and also among fallen dead leaves., Published as part of Alonso, Mar��a R. & Ib����ez, Miguel, 2007, Anatomy and function of the penial twin papillae system of the Helicinae (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Helicidae) and description of two new, small Hemicycla species from the laurel forest of the Canary Islands, pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 1482 on pages 6-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176897

Genus Canariella Hesse, 1918 Type species: Carocolla hispidula Lamarck, 1822 (designation by monotypy: Hesse 1918: 106���107), Published as part of Ib����ez, Miguel, Siverio, Felipe, Alonso, Mar��a R. & Ponte-Lira, Carmen E., 2006, Two Canariella species (Gastropoda: Helicodea: Hygromiidae) endemic to the Northwest Tenerife (Canary Islands), pp. 33-45 in Zootaxa 1258 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173127, {"references":["Hesse, P. (1918) Die Subfamilie Helicodontinae. Nachrichtenblatt der Deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 50, 99 - 120.","Lamarck, J. B. de (1822) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une Introduction offrant la determination des caracteres essentiels de l'Animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. J. B. Bailliere Libr., Paris, 6 (2), 232 pp."]}

Canariella jandiaensis Ib����ez & Ponte��Lira new species Type locality. Morro del Cavadero (Fuerteventura; U.T.M.: 28 RES 6207, 720 m altitude). Holotype (Fig. 4 B): TFMC (MT 0388); leg. K. Groh, M. Ib����ez and C.E. Ponte��Lira, 8 ��03�� 1990. Paratypes. 430 paratypes (mainly shells), collected between 1989 and 2006: CGH (16 ethanol specimens and 44 shells), CGS (4 ethanol specimens and 4 shells), CHB (92 shells), CKW (10 ethanol specimens and 64 shells) CRJ (20 shells) MNHN (1 shell), NHM (1993053 / 1 shell), NMB (753.30/ 1 shell), NMW (Z.1992.089.03/ 1 shell), SMF (309933 / 1 shell), SMNS (3 shells), TFMC (MT 0283/ 1 shell), ZMZ (573823 / 1 shell) and AIT (12 ethanol specimens and 157 shells). Etymology. The name jandiaensis refers to the locality, the Jand��a mountains. Distribution and habitat (Fig. 1): The species is endemic to the Jand��a Peninsula (southern Fuerteventura), restricted to the highest ground, living mainly on the crests and on the nearly inaccessible cliff��tops of the northern slopes at an altitude of 550��� 807 m. C. jandiaensis is mostly active at night or in wet weather, remaining for the rest of the time in cracks and under rocks. It has been found in an area smaller than 1 km 2, distributed in three 1 km UTM square points. In this area the vegetation mainly consists of some plants of a thermophilous forest, considered as the ancient type by botanists, and also substitution bushes. Diagnosis: A medium��sized Canariella with slightly depressed globular, umbilicate shell, without hairs. Penis with a proximal, large penial papilla arising from all the five epiphallar folds, overlapping distally a pseudopapilla. Description: Body (Fig. 4 C) normally clear brown with dark brown spots which merge in the back forming longitudinal lines; some specimens have a uniform brown body. Shell (Fig. 4 B) dextral, conic��ovate, dorsally low conical and ventrally ovate, with a small to medium��sized diameter and 4 ����� 5 convex, roundish whorls with deep sutures; umbilicus medium��sized and deep, slightly obscured by the reflected lip. Aperture oblique, ovate to rounded; peristome whitish, discontinuous, a little expanded as a lip more developed in the lower part of the palatal edge and reflected in the columellar edge, covering partially the umbilicus. Peristome edges inserted next mutually in the parietal zone. Shell colour yellowish brown, slightly glossy, with thin radial, whitish streaks in the last two whorls, more visible near the aperture. The shell also has up to three dark spiral bands, two dorsal and one less clear, ventral; these spiral bands are not exhibited in some specimens. Ornamentation characterized by sinuous, numerous radial ribs irregularly undulating, very weak on the protoconch and first whorls and well marked in the other whorls; ventral ribs smoother than dorsal ones. Pallial region extended over last three quarters of the body whorl. Jaw odontognathous, with 6���9 very weak ribs. Radula (formula 24 + C + 24) with last teeth having a small endocone and the ectocone with two cusps. Genital system (Fig. 5 A; eight specimens dissected): Distal male duct (between atrium and retractor muscle insertion) shorter than proximal part of epiphallus (between retractor muscle insertion and flagellum) and almost twice as long as flagellum. These three regions are tubular and taper gradually from the atrium to the flagellum top. Epiphallus with five thin, waved longitudinal folds which extend into the penial cavity, their distal ends merging, giving rise to a large, grooved, spoon��like penial papilla (Fig. 5 A���c,d) of about 1 / 3 of penis length. Moreover, the penis exhibits a grooved pseudopapilla (Fig. 5 A���c,d), also spoon��like, partially covered proximally by the penial papilla. When penis evaginates, the pseudopapilla appears forming a pair of oblique folds behind the papilla (Fig. 5 A���f), probably for anchorage in the partner's genital system during the coitus. The proximal inner penis wall is smooth (except in the pseudopapilla insertion), while the distal one has five longitudinal, small and thin folds. Vagina (Fig. 5 A���a,b,e) with three digitiform vaginal glands which open near the oviduct orifice. The vaginal glands are short and broad, each one with a slender independent initial portion. Inner vaginal wall with a variable number of irregular longitudinal folds, which are isolated from those of the beginning of the bursa copulatrix duct; in this last area the folds are irregular and anastomosed. Remarks. C. eutropis and C. jandiaensis are the only Canariella species without hairs on the shell, even in the umbilicus. Both species are also the only Canariella species with the penial papilla arising from all five epiphallar folds; in the two subgenera with a penial papilla, Canariella and Salvinia, this papilla derives from only two of the epiphallar folds. Thus, both species represent a distinct supraspecific taxon, which will be described in this study as a new subgenus. C. jandiaensis is easily distinguished from C. eutropis by the unkeeled, almost globular shell (Figs. 3, 4 B���E), which is smaller but taller than that of C. eutropis and has more numerous yet smoother radial ribs. Also, the C. eutropis penial cavity has a thick longitudinal pilaster instead of the pseudopapilla present in C. jandiaensis (Fig. 5). C. eutropis and C. jandiaensis appear to be sympatric species, with the latter occupying a subset of the former���s range. C. eutropis is not as much specialised in the habitat as C. jandiaensis, the former being able to live also in more dry habitats. The C. eutropis shell is nearly discoid and has stronger ornamentation than that of C. jandiaensis. These characteristics could represent a better adaptation of the former to get refuge with enough humidity under big stones or in rock fissures of the driest habitats., Published as part of Alonso, Mar��a R., Ponte-Lira, Carmen E., Castillo, Carolina, Yanes, Yurena, Groh, Klaus & Ib����ez, Miguel, 2006, A new Canariella species (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Hygromiidae) of the new subgenus Majorata, both endemic to the Jand��a Peninsula (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1316 on pages 49-53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173956

Canariella (Majorata) Alonso & Ib����ez new subgenus Type species: Helix eutropis L. Pfeiffer 1861. Etymology. The name of the subgenus derives from the ancient name ���majoreros��� given to the inhabitants of the island of Fuerteventura. Diagnosis: Canariella without hairs on the shell. All five epiphallar, longitudinal folds extend into the penial cavity and merge at their distal ends, giving rise to a large, grooved, spoon��like penial papilla. Penial papilla partially covers the main structure of distal penis (pseudopapilla or pilaster, respectively). Vagina with two��three digitiform vaginal glands, short and broad. Remarks. Until now five Canariella subgenera are known, all with hairy shell, their main genital system distinguishing character states are shown in the appendix. Majorata subgen. nov. differs in the absence of hairs on the shell and in the origin of the penial papilla from all the epiphallar folds. Conservation The distribution of Majorata is a protected area because it belongs to the Jand��a Natural Park, one of the sites of interest for biodiversity and nature protection to be designated a Special Area of Conservation: the ES 7010033 Site, compiled within the framework of Natura 2000, EU Habitats and Birds Directives (CEC 2002). This park harbours several other living species endemic to Jand��a (plants and arthropods) in addition to several extinct ones, such as the snail Ferussacia valida (Mousson, 1872). However, unfortunately, all these living species are threatened by the very abundant livestock present (goats, an also sheep) grazing freely and destroying the habitat in the entire peninsula, but mostly in the mountains, even on the Jand��a cliffs. Tourism also has a significant impact on the entire zone. Consequently, the species endemic to Jand��a are currently under threat and some are in danger of extinction. The two Majorata species have a limited distribution (Fig. 1). It is very small for C. jandiaensis (about 1 km 2) whereas that of C. eutropis is a little larger (up to 10 km 2, between 350 and 807 m altitude) although decreasing. In the past the C. eutropis area was larger, as is shown by the fossil records, from approximately 30,000 years ago (aminozone 4: Ortiz et al. 2006); this species probably inhabited almost the whole southwestern area of the Jand��a Peninsula. C. jandiaensis is more threatened by its very small distribution area, which could still diminish for the destruction of the habitat above mentioned. Thus, we propose for C. jandiaensis the "Critically Endangered" category, in accordance with IUCN (2001) CR B 2 ab(iii) criteria. The species should be included in the Habitats Directive Annexes II and IV of the European Union. C. eutropis is also threatened and we therefore propose in this case the "Endangered" category, in accord with IUCN (2001) EN B 2 ab(iii) criteria. The main measure necessary for the conservation of both species as well as that of the other endemic species from the Jand��a mountains is appropriate habitat protection, mainly by strict livestock control., Published as part of Alonso, Mar��a R., Ponte-Lira, Carmen E., Castillo, Carolina, Yanes, Yurena, Groh, Klaus & Ib����ez, Miguel, 2006, A new Canariella species (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Hygromiidae) of the new subgenus Majorata, both endemic to the Jand��a Peninsula (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1316 on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173956, {"references":["Pfeiffer, L. (1861) Beschreibung neuer Heliceen. Malakozoologische Blatter, 7 [1860], 231 - 240.","Ortiz, J. E., Torres, T., Yanes, Y., Castillo, C., de la Nuez, J., Ibanez, M. & Alonso, M. R. (2006) Climatic cycles inferred from the aminostratigraphy and aminochronology of Quaternary dunes and paleosols from the eastern islands of the Canary Archipelago. Journal of Quaternary Science, 21, 287 - 306."]}

Genus Canariella Hesse, 1918 Type species: Carocolla hispidula Lamarck, 1822 (designation by monotypy: Hesse 1918: 106���107)., Published as part of Alonso, Mar��a R., Ponte-Lira, Carmen E., Castillo, Carolina, Yanes, Yurena, Groh, Klaus & Ib����ez, Miguel, 2006, A new Canariella species (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Hygromiidae) of the new subgenus Majorata, both endemic to the Jand��a Peninsula (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1316 on page 49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173956, {"references":["Hesse, P. (1918) Die Subfamilie Helicodontinae. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 50, 99 - 120."]}

Canariella giustii Ib����ez & Alonso new species Type locality. Barranco de Masca (Tenerife; UTM coordinates: 28 RCS 1831, 250 m altitude). Holotype (Fig. 4 B): TFMC (MT 0387); leg. M. Ib����ez, 14 �� 11��1983. Paratypes. 256 paratypes (49 alcohol specimens and 207 shells, leg. between 1982 and 2005). TFMC (MT 0277/ 1), CGH (1 paratype), CFS (20 paratypes) and AIT (235 paratypes). Etymology. The specific name derives from the family name of Dr. Folco Giusti (University of Siena), to whom we dedicate this species for his remarkable contributions to the knowledge of land and freshwater snails. Distribution and habitat (Fig. 1): The species is endemic to Tenerife, occupying a range of habitats, from dry open areas through to humid laurel forests (���laurisilva���), between 40 to 1050 m altitude. In the area in which it co��occurs with C. pontelirae, both species are also found subfossil to depths of 15 m. Diagnosis: A medium��sized Canariella with a depressed, dorso��ventrally flattened, discoidal, umbilicate shell, angular at the periphery; 4 ����� 5 �� whorls. Epiphallus opening laterally on the proximal side of the broadened penis. Two epiphallar folds extending in the proximal part of the penial cavity without forming the penial papilla that is present in other species. Description: Shell (Fig. 4 B) dextral, depressed, dorso��ventrally flattened, angular at periphery, with a small to medium��sized diameter and a spire of 4 ����� 5 �� slightly convex whorls and a marked suture; umbilicus about 14 % of shell diameter, slightly obscured by the reflected lip. Mouth rounded��ovate with a discontinuous peristome, slightly expanded as a pale lip at the basal��columellar edge. Colour uniform matt brown. Protoconch with small granulations; teleoconch densely, regularly, radially ribbed, ventral ribs slightly smoother than dorsal ones. Thin periostracal hairs present on periphery (up to 800 ��m long) but only up to 140 ��m long on the umbilicus. TABLE 1. Data of known living Canariella species. La Gomera C. discobolus (Shuttleworth, 1852), Shuttleworth (1852 b), Helix afficta A. F��russac, in F��russac & Deshayes, Ib����ez et al. (1995) 1832 La Gomera C. tenuicostulata Alonso, Ib����ez & Ponte��Lira, 2003 Alonso et al. (2003) Genital system (7 specimens dissected; Figs. 5 D, 6 B): Atrium short. Distal male duct between atrium and penis retractor muscle insertion almost twice as long as the epiphallar proximal portion and 5���6 times longer than flagellum. Flagellum and epiphallus tubular, the latter opening laterally on the proximal side of the broadened penis, whose diameter is twice than that of the epiphallus. Epiphallus with two internal, distally expanded, longitudinal folds which extend in the penis tilting towards the proximal penial concavity opposite the epiphallar insertion, ending separately but very close to each other, not merged into a penial papilla. Each epiphallar fold distally has a transverse constriction, forming a small, terminal papilla (indicated by arrows in the Fig. 5 D���a,c). The penis has 7���8 longitudinal internal pilasters (Fig. 5 D���c). Short vagina proximally widened, with numerous irregular longitudinal folds, some of them anastomosed, and 3���8 crown��shaped, finger��like vaginal glands, which open near the orifice connecting the vagina to the oviduct (Fig. 5 D���a). Remarks. C. giustii differs from all the other living Canariella species by its broadened penis. The penis diameter of C. giustii is twice than that of the epiphallus, with an eccentric, lateral��proximal epiphallar opening; the distal male duct broadens rapidly in the proximal part of penis. All the other living Canariella species have the penis about 1 ��� 1 �� times broader than the epiphallus, with a central epiphallar opening, and the distal male duct broadens gently in the proximal part of penis. Moreover, C. giustii differs from all the other living Canariella species in its penial anatomy. It is the only Canariella species in which the two epiphallar folds extend together in the penis, tilting towards the proximal penial concavity opposite to the epiphallar insertion and ending very close but independent of each other, not merged into a penial papilla. The species most similar to C. giustii (Fig. 4 B) in shell dimensions are C. hispidula (Fig. 4 C) and C. pontelirae (Fig. 4 A). The C. giustii shell measurements (Fig. 3) occupy an intermediate position between the other two, but with a broad overlap, although the shell height and frontal surface of C. giustii are bigger than the others in relation to the maximum diameter and frontal perimeter, respectively. C. giustii has a narrower umbilicus than those of the other two species (Fig. 4). The C. giustii teleoconch is angular at periphery and densely, regularly, radially ribbed, whereas the C. pontelirae teleoconch is keeled and has prominent and regularly spaced radial ribs separated by 4���5 small ribs. The C. hispidula shell is the most similar to that of C. giustii in shape and ornamentation, but has a more angular periphery and it is shaggy, whereas that of C. giustii is almost hairless, the adult live specimens only having well��developed hairs at the periphery., Published as part of Ib����ez, Miguel, Siverio, Felipe, Alonso, Mar��a R. & Ponte-Lira, Carmen E., 2006, Two Canariella species (Gastropoda: Helicodea: Hygromiidae) endemic to the Northwest Tenerife (Canary Islands), pp. 33-45 in Zootaxa 1258 on pages 37-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173127, {"references":["Shuttleworth, R. J. (1852 b) Diagnosen neuer Mollusken. Mittheilungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern, 260 / 261, 289 - 304.","Alonso, M. R., Ibanez, M. & Ponte-Lira, C. E. (2003) Canariella (Salvinia), new subgenus, and three new species of Canariella Hesse, 1918 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae). The Veliger, 46, 69 - 76."]}