1. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a γ-Lactone Isolated from Ostrich Oil of Struthio camelus (Ratite) and Its Formulated Nano-Emulsion in Formalin-Induced Paw Edema
- Author
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Ibrahim Alqasoomi, Salah Elnaeem M. Eltom, Eiman Me Agabein, Mugahid A Mobark, Mohammed S M Sajid, Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif, Atef A Abdel-Hafez, Mohsen S. Al-Omar, Hamzah M. Maswadeh, Salem A Alrashidi, and Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Subjects
Male ,Administration, Topical ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Administration, Oral ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Organic chemistry ,Ibuprofen ,02 engineering and technology ,Pharmacology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Analytical Chemistry ,Struthio camelus ,Lactones ,0302 clinical medicine ,QD241-441 ,Oral administration ,Edema ,Drug Discovery ,methylcellulose ,Skin ,Struthioniformes ,Ostrich oil ,Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Cellular infiltration ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Toxicity ,Molecular Medicine ,Emulsions ,medicine.symptom ,0210 nano-technology ,medicine.drug ,Diclofenac ,γ-lactone ,medicine.drug_class ,Palaeognathae ,Article ,Anti-inflammatory ,03 medical and health sciences ,Formaldehyde ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,nano-emulsion ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Diuretic - Abstract
The ostrich oil of Struthio camelus (Ratite) found uses in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory in eczema and contact dermatitis. The anti-inflammatory effect of a γ-lactone (5-hexyl-3H-furan-2-one) isolated from ostrich oil and its formulated nano-emulsion in formalin-induced paw edema was investigated in this study. Ostrich oil was saponified using a standard procedure, the aqueous residue was fractionated, purified, and characterized as γ-lactone (5-hexyl-3H-furan-2-one) through the interpretation of IR, NMR, and MS analyses. The γ-lactone was formulated as nano-emulsion using methylcellulose (MC) for oral solubilized form. The γ-lactone methylcellulose nanoparticles (γ-lactone-MC-NPs) were characterized for their size, shape, and encapsulation efficiency with a uniform size of 300 nm and 59.9% drug content. The γ-lactone was applied topically, while the formulated nanoparticles (NPs) were administered orally to rats. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (diclofenac gel) was used as a reference drug for topical use and ibuprofen suspension for oral administration. Edema was measured using the plethysmograph method. Both γ-lactone and γ-lactone-MC-NPs showed reduction of formalin-induced paw edema in rats and proved to be better than the reference drugs, diclofenac gel and ibuprofen emulsion. Histological examination of the skin tissue revealed increased skin thickness with subepidermal edema and mixed inflammatory cellular infiltration, which were significantly reduced by the γ-lactone compared to the positive control (p-value = 0.00013). Diuretic and toxicity studies of oral γ-lactone-MC-NPs were performed. No diuretic activity was observed. However, lethargy, drowsiness, and refusal to feeding observed may limit its oral administration.
- Published
- 2021