Search

The present study aimed to examine the in vitro antibacterial activity of Boswellia serrata solvent extracts against multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens isolated from skin and wound samples. B. serrata resin was acquired, and powdered; blended with five different extraction solvents. The collected bacterial isolates from wound and skin swabs were identified using biochemical profiling and classified according to their unique physiological and biochemical characteristics. Three isolated pathogens were exposed to antibiotic drugs via the disk dispersion assay, and the antimicrobial efficiency of the plant extract was assessed against the wound and skin infection-causing nosocomial bacterial pathogens. The qualitative and quantitative examination of plant extracts was carried out by mass spectra and 70 eV electron impact ionisation process. The 2D molecular interaction patterns between beta-lactamase protein and phytocompounds complexes were generated in DS viewer to understand the hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. Three antibiotic-resistant strains, Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Acinetobacter baumannii , were isolated and exposed to the extract of B. serrata. Plant extract at 60 µg proven effective against antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa , and A. baumannii. In molecular docking studies, it was found that out of the 15 bioactive compounds detected from the plant extract, only three showed significant binding affinity to the bacterial-lactamase protein (AmpC). The auto dock results revealed different crucial affinity values of the bioactive compounds. Cholan-24-oic acid, 3,12-bis(acetyloxy) showed a Dock score of −8.6 kcal/mol for P. aeruginosa , −8.1 kcal/mol for A. baumannii , and −7.6 kcal/mol for S. aureus. Due to its strong binding affinity with antibacterial target proteins, it exhibits exceptional antibacterial properties. The findings confirmed bioactive constituents in B. serrata , with antibacterial activity against antibiotic resistance nosocomial pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small library of new class of dispiropyrrolidinyl-piperidone tethered indono[1,2- b ]quinoxaline heterocyclic hybrids 7 a – j were synthesized employing multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition strategy in [bmim]Br. The azomethine ylide employed is first of its kind and generated in situ from indenoquinoxalinone and l -tryptophan, a combination that has not been employed previously for the in situ generation of azomethine ylides. The synthesized heterocyclic hybrids 7a – j were evaluated for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities, therein compounds 7h and 7j displayed more potent AChE and BChE enzyme inhibition than the standard drug with IC 50 values of 3.22, 2.01, 12.40 and 10.45 mM, respectively. Molecular docking studies have also been investigated for most active compounds that disclosed interesting binding templates to the active site channel of cholinesterase enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highly functionalized 2-amino-4 H -pyrans were achieved in excellent yields and assessed for their potential as inhibitors of AD. Compound bearing nitro groups on both the aryl rings showed the highest activity and this is also supported by its inhibition mechanisms on AChE and BChE receptors. Highlights • Novel highly functionalized 2-amino-4 H -pyrans were achieved in excellent yields. • The structure of 4 H -pyrans were confirmed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic studies. • The compounds were evaluated as potential agents for Alzheimer's disease. • Molecular docking simulation was performed to disclose the mechanism of inhibition. Abstract Novel highly functionalized 2-amino-4 H -pyrans were achieved in excellent yields under simple grinding at ambient temperature and were assessed for their potential for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 2-amino-4 H -pyran bearing nitro groups on both the aryl rings showed the highest activity, with an IC 50 of 1.98 ± 0.09 µM against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 10.62 ± 0.21 µM against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the inhibition mechanisms on AChE and BChE receptors were revealed by means of molecular docking simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A regio and stereo- selective synthesis of hitherto unexplored hybrid heterocyclic system comprising spiropyrrolidine, indolizino[6,7- b ]indole units in good to excellent yields, has been developed via three component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and concomitant trifluoroacetic acid catalyzed Pictet-Spengler cyclization with paraformaldehyde. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme inhibitory activities. Most of the synthesized compounds showed good inhibitory activity, among them, compounds 4d and 4g displayed highest potency against AChE (IC 50 1.88 and 1.98 μM), and BChE (IC 50 18.32 and 10.21 μM) enzyme, respectively than the standard drug, galanthamine. Molecular modeling simulation was investigated for the most active compounds 4d and 4g on AChE and BChE enzymes to disclose the binding and orientation of these molecules into active site of respective receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small library of novel spiropyrrolidine heterocyclic hybrids has been prepared regioselectively in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumbromide ([bmim]Br) with good to excellent yields using a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. These synthesized compounds were evaluated as potential agents for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Compound 4b showed the most potent activity, with an IC 50 of 7.9 ± 0.25 µM against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The inhibition mechanisms for the most active compounds on AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) receptors were elucidated using molecular docking simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

( Z/E )-3-(1,8-Dichloro-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracen-11-yl)acrylaldehyde 2 has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The Wittig reaction of 1,8-dichloro-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11-carbaldehyde 1 and (triphenylphosphoranylidene) acetaldehyde in toluene under reflux conditions resulted in compound 2 . Spectroscopic characterization of compound 2 was performed by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectroscopy techniques. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to study various global and local reactive properties. The spectra were also obtained by DFT calculations and corresponding comparisons were performed to validate the level of theory. Using DFT calculations, reactivity has been studied based on frontier molecular orbitals, charge distribution, average local ionization energies, Fukui functions, and bond dissociation energies for hydrogen abstraction. Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to investigate the influence of water as a solvent for compound 2 . Finally, compound 2 was docked into the central and allosteric binding sites of the serotonin transporter enzyme and was found to be a good candidate as an antidepressant-like compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small library of benzimidazole-fused pyrrolo[3,4- b ]quinoline has been synthesized from readily available benzimidazole 2-carbaldehyde and various substituted arylamines in good to excellent yields utilizing an intramolecular Povarov reaction catalyzed by boron trifluoride diethyl etharate as the key final step. The compounds thus synthesized can be considered as decarbonyl analogues of the anticancer alkaloid luotonin A and were evaluated in a DNA relaxation assay for their ability to inhibit human topoisomerase I. Interestingly, two of the compounds showed a remarkable activity that is comparable to that of the standard drug camptothecin. The compounds were also evaluated for their cytotoxic effect in four highly aggressive human cancer cell lines, namely KB, MDA-MB231 (breast), LNCap (prostate), and HT1080 (fibrosarcoma). Some of the compounds obtained showed promising cytotoxicities for these four cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel dimethoxyindanone embedded spiropyrrolidines were synthesized in ionic liquid, [bmim]Br and were evaluated for their inhibitory activities towards cholinesterases. Among the spiropyrrolidines, compound 4f exhibited the most potent activity with an IC50 value of 1.57 μM against acethylcholinesterase (AChE). Molecular docking simulation for the most active compound was employed with the aim of disclosing its binding mechanism to the active site of AChE receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active site of h AChE showing the docked compounds, (6f) and (6i) in the binding pocket of enzyme. A small library of structurally fascinating spiropyrrolidine tethered imidazole heterocylic hybrids has been synthesized regioselectively in good yields employing [bmim]Br mediated 1,3-diplar cycloaddition strategy. The new class of azomethine ylide generated in situ from l -histidine and 11 H -indeno[1,2- b ]quinoxalin-11-one reacts with various substituted β -nitrostyrenes affording the spiropyrrolidine tethered imidazole heterocylic hybrids. Compounds thus synthesized were assessed for their in vitro cholinesterase (ChEs) inhibitory activities, among them compounds possessing 4-methyl and 4-methoxy substituents on the aryl ring showed potent activities with IC 50 values of 2.02 ± 0.05 and 2.05 ± 0.06 μM against AChE and 12.40 ± 0.14 and 11.45 ± 0.28 μM against BChE enzyme, respectively. In addition, the most active compounds were performed for their molecular docking simulation and the results revealed interesting binding templates to the active site channel of cholinesterase enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of spirooxindolopyrrolidine fused N-styrylpiperidone heterocyclic hybrids has been synthesized in excellent yield via a domino multicomponent protocol that involves one-pot three component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and concomitant enamine reactions performed in an inexpensive ionic liquid, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br). Compounds thus synthesized were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against U-937 tumor cells. Interestingly; compounds 5i and 5m exhibited a better cytotoxicity than the anticancer drug bleomycin. In addition; the effect of the synthesized compounds on the nuclear morphology of U937 FaDu cells revealed that treatment with compounds 5a–m led to their apoptotic cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The novel Schiff base (N1E,N2E)-N1,N2-bis(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)−4-methylbenzene-1,2-diamine were synthesized and characterized. • Detailed vibrational analysis was discussed. • Electronic properties (TD-DFT in IEFPCM solvation model) were analysed. • The active sites and interaction were determined using ELF, LOL, and RDG. • The molecular electrostatic potential, frontier molecular orbital analysis also carried out. Synthesis of (N1E,N2E)-N1,N2-bis(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-4-methylbenzene-1,2-diamine (6B) using a procedure in a catalyst-free environment. The Schiff base was synthesized using 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde and 4-methyl-ortho-phenylenediamine. The chemical structures were determined by the process of microanalysis, which included infrared, ultraviolet, 1HNMR , and 13CNMR methods. A theoretical analysis was performed on the obtained FT-IR spectra using data from the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level of theory. Wave function properties such as average localized ionization energy (ALIE), localized orbital locator (LOL), electron localized function (ELF), and reduced density gradient (RDG) studies have given a lot of information and are useful for predicting molecular electronic potential. The binding energy and various types of interactions were examined in a molecular docking study. The docking research revealed that the chemical had binding energies of -6.0 kcal/mol. In comparison to current methods, the suggested strategy yields far better results, and it can be used to create a viable procedure for compound synthesis. A new and efficient method for high-yield synthesis is provided by this approach. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Potential anticancer activity tin complex reported. • Detailed structural analysis reported. • Topological, Hirshfeld surface, FMO and MEP analysis reported. • Molecular docking study reported against 4 different proteins. • Complex showed excellent anticancer property against PC3 cell lines. A new class of tin (IV) complex (M1) was synthesized from 1,10-phenenthroline and di(o-chlorobenzyl) tin dichloride in good yield. The synthesized complex was assigned by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 119Sn NMR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The tin complex M1 was compared theoretically and agreed well with experimental results. From the single crystal analysis, the synthesized complex containing two nitrogen and two chlorine atoms located in equatorial position, the benzene ring attached to two CH 2 has an axial position and Sn is in a central position. This proves that the Sn-Cl and Sn-N bonds have a considerable binding interaction with the distances are 2.5004 A° and 2.5111 A° for Sn-Cl and 2.349 A° and 2.332 A° for Sn-N. The theoretical FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic investigation agree well with the experimental one. In the FMO analysis, the calculated HOMO and LUMO bond gap value is 1.35 eV. The electrophilic and nucleophilic attack sites are confirmed by the MEP study. The synthesized tin complex was assayed for its in vitro anticancer activity against MCF7 and PC3 cell lines. Among them, compound displayed effective anticancer activity against PC3 cell lines which comparable activity to the reference standard drug, Cisplatin. In the docking study, a good binding affinity score was observed in the PC3(6XXO) cell line which correlates well with in vitro findings. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The 4-(((9H-purin-6-yl)imino)methyl)−2‑methoxy-6-nitrophenol (A5NV) is optical material. • LED calculation A5NV-H 2 O complex interaction energy is −7.17 kcal/mol. • Antimicrobial activity showed moderate activity. • In docking study A5NV showed good binding energy. The schiff base 4-(((9H-purin-6-yl)imino)methyl)-2‑methoxy-6-nitrophenol (A5NV) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, UV, 1H13C–NMR spectral analysis. The experimental FTIR, UV, 1H, 13CNMR spectra were compared with the corresponding predicted by B3LYP/cc-pVDZ calculations. The local energy decomposition analsyis (LED) confirms the A5NV-H 2 O complex interaction energy, which is -7.17 kcal/mol. The A5NV is a optical material, because it is showed good absorption wavelength, which is 260, 316, and 432 nm. The titled compound is biologically active compound, because calculated HOMO and LUMO energy gap is very low, which is 2.70 eV. In molecular electrostatic potential analsyis confirms the A5NV molecule electrophilic and nucleophilic attacking sites. Inter and intra molecular interadctions and hyper conjucative interactions were calculated by NBO analysis. Condensed fukui functions, local softness, and mulliken charges also calculated. The pharmacological analysis like ADMET properties were calculated. Based on the antimicrobial activity, the synthesized compound showed moderate activity. Using molecular docking study the protein-lignad interactions were investigated. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Manuscript reports a new Schiff's base synthesized from sulfanilamide and ethyl-methyl ketone. • Highest dipole moment value observed in water solvent, when compare to gas phase and DMSO. • Lowest bond gap vale observed in water solvent. PES study reported with maximum energy is -1041.90885634 (Hartree). • Detailed vibrational spectral and potential energy distribution analysis reported. • The electronic spectra and MESP performed with gas phase and various solvent phase. The compound 4-(butan-2-ylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide (EMKNI) was subjected to spectroscopic investigations, both experimental and theoretical in nature. The research study was conducted at two distinct levels. The initial stage involved the acquisition of experimental data, including FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C), absorption (UV) and fluorescence spectral data. The subsequent stage involved the execution of theoretical calculations (UV) at the TD-DFT/WB97XD/cc-pVDZ basis set. The vibrational analysis was done for each vibrational modes using potential energy vibrational analysis (PED). A comparison was made between the theoretical NMR and the corresponding experimental data. In NLO study the water solvent showed highest NLO property, due to solvent effect. The emission study was done and showed two different wavelengths. A TD-DFT was made between water, DMSO and gas phase and experimental absorption wavelengths (λ) made in DMSO solvent. Furthermore, the FMO and MEP study were made using the different solvents such as water, DMSO and gas phase. The topological analysis studies were done such as ELF, LOL and RDG. The docking study was done and identify the highest binding energy score. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Compared to water and DMSO solvents the gas phase was showed highest electronic properties. • Due to solvent effect the gas phase has a lowest bond gap value. • In non-linear optical study water have the highest dipole moment and hyper-polarizability values. • The molecular electrostatic potential reported using the gas phase and various solvent phase. • FTIR 1HNMR, 13CNMR and UV characterization performed and potential energy distribution analysis (PED) reported. In the current study, a molecule (E)-3-(((9H-purin-6-yl)imino)methyl)phenol (A3H) was made and its structure was characterized through the application of spectroscopic techniques. The optimization of the structure of the title chemical was performed using the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ basis set, employing the most stable conformational structure according to the DFT approach. The geometrical characteristics, vibrational wavenumbers, and electrical properties have also been investigated. The electronic characteristics of HOMO-LUMO, UV–Vis, and MEP maps were analysed, including different solvation effects. When compared to the other solvents the water has the lowest energy gap value, due to solvent interaction. The NLO activity has been investigated using the DFT/B3LYP approach, employing the cc-pVDZ basis set. In the NLO study water has the highest dipole moment, polarizability, and hyper-polarizability values. In this study, we have successfully obtained a set of lone pairs of donor–acceptor contacts and a hydrogen bond donor/acceptor surface. These findings provide a basis for explaining a charge transfer process. The utilization of molecular docking techniques has been employed to get insight into the binding interaction between the ligand and targeted proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biopolymer melanin is reported for many biological processes to secure biological entities over unfavorable environmental factors. The present study aimed to isolate soil fungi and screen for melanin production. The potent fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum NP4 based on morphological and molecular characterization with accession number OP070954. Using standardized tyrosine broth conditions melanin was produced by NP4 and extracted by acidification. Extracted melanin exhibited maximum UV–visible absorption at 223 nm; FTIR peaks validate the occurrence of C O, C N, C H, and C C functional groups present in the indole/pyrrole structure. TLC analysis exhibited a prominent single band with a Retardation factor (Rf) of 0.68, resonance peaks at 6.621, 7.061, and 7.185 ppm exhibited aromatic hydrogen in the indole/pyrole system in 1H NMR. The EDX peaks confirm the presence of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen elements which are the key factors in melanin structure, and TGA reports the thermal stability of the melanin. An in silico molecular docking approach on lung cancer causing proteins EGFR (3g5z), KRAS (6vc8), and TP53 (8 dc4) were conducted to determine the active binding sites of the melanin, and proteins exhibited binding affinity of −8.0 for 3g5z, −9.8 for 6vc8, and − 10.1 kcal/mol for TP53 protein with melanin. Anticancer activity of the melanin showed significant inhibition of A549 cells in dose-dependent mode with significant IC 50 of 65.49 μg/mL; apoptotic examination reveals 46.14 % apoptosis for melanin and 46.36 % apoptosis for standard drug (cisplatin). Melanin exhibited good photoprotection capacity at 1 μg/mL. In conclusion, the extracted melanin exhibited significant results on many biological applications and it can be used in the pharmaceutical field to avoid chemical-based drugs. • Isolated Penicillium citrinum NP4 from soil showed potency for melanin production. • Melanin was produced from NP4 strain and extracted by acidification. • Characterization confirms the nature of the melanin. • Molecular docking reports binding affinity of melanin with cancer causing proteins. • NP4-melanin exhibited the significant anticancer efficacy on A549 cells and photoprotection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, which affected 35 million people in the world. The most practiced approach to improve the life expectancy of AD patients is to increase acetylcholine neurotransmitter level at cholinergic synapses by inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes. A series of unreported piperidone grafted spiropyrrolidines 8 ( a-p ) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities. Therein, compounds 8h and 8l displayed more potent AChE enzyme inhibition than standard drug with IC 50 values of 1.88 and 1.37 µM, respectively. Molecular docking simulations for 8l possessing the most potent AChE inhibitory activities, disclosed its interesting binding templates to the active site channel of AChE enzymes. These compounds are remarkable AChE inhibitors and have potential as AD drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new bischalcone was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. • Intermolecular interactions are studied using Hirshfeld surface analysis. • In vitro and in silico antitumor evaluation was assessed against A549 cancer cell line. • Bischalcone compound has shown significant antitumor activity. • Good antibacterial and antifungal activity have shown by bischalcone. New bischalcone derivative 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1,5-diphenylpentane-1,5‑dione (C 23 H 18 Cl 2 O 2) has been efficiently synthesized and the solid state formation of the grown crystals was characterized by X-ray crystallographic diffraction (XRD)analysis at 296 K. The single crystal XRD results show that the title compound belongs to triclinic system with unit cell dimensions, a = 9.4104 (12) (Å), b = 10.2951(13) (Å), c = 10.9411(15) (Å) and V = 980.9(Å3). The key contributor intermolecular interactions C‒O···H/H···O‒C were explored by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The active functional group interpretations have been carried using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopies with the assistance of energy distributions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the synthesized compound carried out for better understanding of molecular futures. Hyperconjugative interactions present in the molecule were also quantified using natural bond orbitals (NBO). Reactivity and stability of the title molecule assessed utilizing global reactivity descriptors. The condensed Fukui functions explored the available electrophile and nucleophile regions in the form of local based descriptors. The reduced density gradient (RDG) isosurfaces reveals the dominance of non-bonded interactions of the title compound. MTT assay revealed that the title compound had potentiate antitumor activity against human lung cancer A549 cells with 40.71 µg/mL IC 50 value. Moreover the capability of the compound to be interconnected within the key amino acids of lung cancer receptor binding sites was detected by molecular docking. Antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of the title compound studied using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis and characterization of new class of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. • The structural determination was investigated through single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. • The intercontacts of the crystal structure was studied through Hirshfeld surface analysis. • The structure and reactivity of the oxadiazole compounds have been analysed through DFT calculation. • Compounds displayed strong binding affinity with targeted COX-2 enzyme has been recognized via molecular docking study. A new class of hitherto unexplored 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles, OXA2a and OXA2b has been synthesized in excellent yields and characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectroscopic studies. Further, the compounds have also been identified clearly with the aid of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the crystal structure, there is a short intramolecular C H•••O contact forming S(5) ring motif in OXA2a and OXA2b. The crystal packing of OXA2a is stabilized by the C H•••π intermolecular interactions and in the crystal packing of OXA2b , the adjacent molecules are linked via C H•••N intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The intercontacts in the crystal structure are investigated through computational method using Hirshfeld surfaces. In addition, the structure and reactivity of the oxadiazole compounds have been analysed through DFT calculations. Further, both the compounds displayed strong binding affinity with targeted COX-2 enzyme which has been recognized via molecular docking study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]