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While 300 scientists gathered in a former casino in Ensenada, Mexico, in late January to talk about global change, bulldozers outside were clearing debris from roads and river channels after [...]

Coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) integrate our knowledge about atmospheric and oceanic circulation. Different versions of CGCMs are used to provide a better understanding of natural climate variability on interannual and decadal time scales, for extended weather forecasting, and for making seasonal climate scenario projections, They also help to reconstruct past climates, especially abrupt climate change processes, Model intercomparisons, new test data (mainly from satellites), more powerful computers, and parameterizations of atmospheric and oceanic processes have improved CGCM performance to such a degree that the model results are now used by many decision-makers, including governments, They are also fundamental for the detection and attribution of climate change., Numerical models integrate our knowledge of certain fields of science, but they can only be as good as our understanding of all the processes involved. For weather and climate models, [...]

It is a fundamental tenet of the scientific method that theories must be consistent with observations. To test our understanding of the climate system, we must evaluate how accurately climate [...]

Numerical models of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans are used to simulate the behavior of the climate system, to assess likely impacts of greenhouse warming, and recently, to predict some [...]

Herbert et al. (Research Articles, 6 July 2001, p. 71) found that sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the area now dominated by the California Current warmed 10,000 to 15,000 years [...]

In climate modeling, nearly everybody cheats a little. Although models of how the ocean and the atmosphere interact are meant to forecast the greenhouse warming of the next century, when [...]