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In the present study, we sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Ectropis oblique using PCR amplification and sequencing methods The entire mitogenome is 15,356 bp long, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and A + T rich element. The base composition and gene arrangement are identical to those of other lepidopterans. Of these 37 genes, twenty three are resided on heavy strand, while fourteen located on light strand. The newly sequenced mitogenome displayed a biased Adenine/thymine 84.94% usage versus guanine/cytosine. The AT skewness is 0.030 and the GC skewness is −0.180. Twelve out of 13 PCGs initiated with canonical start codon (ATN), while cox1 started with CGA. The A + T rich element of E. oblique is 363 bp long and contains of many features common to lepidopteran insects, including the ‘ATAGA’ motif, a 22 bp poly (T) stretch and a microsatellite-like (AT) 8 element upstream of trnM . Further, this mitogenome comprises 15 intergenic spacer and overlapping regions. Phylogenetic analyses showed that E. oblique belongs to Geometridae, and that the monophyly of Lepidoptera superfamilies is well supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mitochondrial genome of Mesomelena mesomelaena (Loew, 1848) is the first to be sequenced in the flesh fly subfamily Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). The 14,559 bp mitogenome contains 37 typical metazoan mitochondrial genes: 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes, with the same locations as in the insect ground plan. All the protein-coding genes have the start codon ATN, except for cox1 (TCG). Eight protein-coding genes have the stop codon TAA, while the remaining five have the stop codon T (cox1, cox2, nad5, and nad4) or TAG (cytb). Synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates (Ks and Ka) for each protein-coding gene indicate that these genes evolved primarily under negative (or purifying) selection (Ka < Ks). Phylogeny of Sarcophagidae is proposed based on all the sarcophagid mitogenomes in GenBank, and the subfamily topology is reconstructed as (Sarcophaginae (Paramacronychiinae, Miltogramminae)). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of the Greater Mouse-Eared Bat,Myotis myotis.The mitogenome is 17 213 bp with base composition A (34.2%), G (13%), C (22.4%), and T (30.5%). The genome shows conserved synteny with other mammalian mitogenomes, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 control region (D-Loop). The majority of the genes are encoded on the H-Strand, except forND6and eight tRNAs. All protein-coding genes start with the ATG start codon, except forND2,ND3,andND5which begin with ATT or ATA. Seven protein-coding genes terminated in a canonical stop codon, TAA or TAG, five contain incomplete stop codons, T or TA.Cytochrome bterminates in the mitochondria specific stop codon AGA. This mitogenome provides a valuable resource for future studies ofM. myotisand other bat and mammal species. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the serpent mudskipperParapocryptes serperasterwas first determined in this study. The circle genome was 17 243 bp long and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 1 control region. The nucleotide composition of the heavy strand ofP. serperasteris 28.65% for A, 30.07% for C, 25.31% for T, and 15.97% for G, with a slight A + T bias of 53.96%. Only the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) and eight tRNA genes were encoded on the light strand, all other mitochondrial genes were encoded on the heavy strand. A 178-bp tandem repeat, which started from the 827-bp site of the control region, was identified. Like most other gobies,P. serperasteralso has the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the kinship betweenParapocryptesandBoleophthalmusis closer than those betweenParapocryptesand other selected genera. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Critically Endangered southern purple-spotted gudgeon,Mogurnda adspersa, was determined for the first time using 1/8 of a 454 pyrosequencing plate. The mitogenome was assembled using the bioinformatic software MIRA. TheM. adspersagenome organization was very similar to most vertebrates, being 16,523 bp in length. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 non-coding control region. The current methodology was effective to assemble the whole mitogenome using 2008 mitochondrial reads representing 0.23% of total genomic reads produced and providing average mitogenome coverage of 17.4 reads per site. The whole mitogenome sequence provided here is deposited in NCBI with the accession number KJ130031 and may benefit systematics studies and conservation programs ofM. adspersa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue-throated Macaw (Ara glaucogularis) is Critically Endangered species of parrot endemic to small Bolivian area. In this study, full mitochondrial genome of considered species was sequenced. It is 16,983 bp long and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs and a control region. It`s comparison with publishedAra macaomitogenome revealed their high degree of identity. On the other hand, analysis of both the genome compositions showed incompleteness ofAra macaoCYTB gene. Hence, mitogenome ofAra macaospecies occurred only partial sequence. In consequence,Ara glaucogularismitogenome is the first complete Macaw sequence, which will be indispensable to refine the phylogenetic relationships within the tribeAriniand will enrich the resource of markers for systematic, phylogenetic and population genetic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio maackii has been completed. It is 15,357 bp in length, and contains the typical complement of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA), and 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Two A+T-rich regions are included in this mitogenome. Gene order in P. maackii mitogenome is basically identical to that of the inferred ancestral insect genome, with the exception of translocations of trnM, which is shared by some Papilios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Dolycoris baccarum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has been sequenced and annotated in this study. This mitogenome is 16,549 bp in length with an A+T content of 73.4%, and contains the typical 37 genes that are arranged in the same order as that of the putative ancestor of hexapods. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with ATN codons except for cox1 that uses TTG as the initial codon. Eleven PCGs stop with termination codon TAA, and cox1 and cox2 have single T as the incomplete stop codon. All the transfer RNA genes have the typical clover leaf secondary structure, except for trnS1 (AGN) that lacks the dihydrouridine arm as known in many other metazoa. The control region is located between rrnS and trnI, and is composed of 479 bp of non-repeat region and 1401 bp of repeat region. This is the third completely sequenced mitogenome from the family Pentatomidae of Hemiptera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the hybrid of Ctenopharyngodon idella (♀) ×  Squaliobarbus curriculus (♂) was determined using PCR-based method. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,609 bp. It contains the typical structure as that of most other vertebrates, including 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 non-coding control region (D-loop region). The overall composition of the mitogenome was estimated to be 31.86% for A, 26.08% for T, 26.38% for C, and 15.68% for G, respectively, indicating that an A+T (57.94%)-rich feature occurs in the hybrid mitogenome. Both the termination-associated sequence and three conserved sequence blocks (CSB1, CSB2, and CSB3) were also detected in the D-loop region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of squaretail coralgrouper Plectropomus areolatus was determined with long PCR approach. The genome was 16,770 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 2 non-coding regions, with the gene content and order being similar to most other teleosts. The overall base composition of the mitogenome was estimated to be 28.81% A, 27.63% T, 27.24% C, and 16.33% G, with a high AT content of 56.44%, indicating an obvious anti-guanine bias commonly observed in fishes. It shared 90.7%, 78.8%, and 78.7% mitogenome sequence with Plectropomus leopardus, Epinephelus moara, and Epinephelus coioides, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liobagrus nigricauda is endemic to the Yangtze River system (Ding 1994, The fishes of Sichuan province. pp. 470-78) and listed as an endangered species (IUCN 2012, Red list of threatened species. ). In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of L. nigricauda has been obtained with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a noncoding control region with the total length of 16,512 bp. The gene arrangement and composition are similar to that of other vertebrates. Most of the genes are encoded on heavy strand, except for eight tRNA and ND6 genes. Just like most other vertebrates, the bias against G has a universality in different statistics results. The mitogenome sequence of L. nigricauda would contribute to better understand population genetics and to protect its genetic diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of a Korean Ussurian tube-nosed bat, Murina ussuriensis, was determined. The mitochondrial genome of M. ussuriensis is 17,285 bp in length with a total base composition of 33.8% A, 28.9% T, 23.8% C, and 13.4% G. All the protein-coding genes (total length of 11,401 bp) were encoded in H-strand except for ND6 in L-strand. The total length of 22 tRNA genes was 1516 bp varying from 62 bp ( tRNA Ser ( AGY)) to 74 bp ( tRNA Leu ( UUR) and tRNA Gln). The 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes were 972 and 1558 bp in length, respectively. The D-loop region was 2496 bp in length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amazona barbadensis is an endangered species of parrot living in northern coastal Venezuela and in several Caribbean islands. In this study, we sequenced full mitochondrial genome of the considered species. The total length of the mitogenome was 18,983 bp and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, duplicated control region, and degenerate copies of ND6 and tRNA Glu genes. High degree of identity between two copies of control region suggests their coincident evolution and functionality. Comparative analysis of both the control region sequences from four Amazona species revealed their 89.1% over a region of 1300 bp and indicates the presence of distinctive parts of two control region copies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitogenome sequence of a vulnerable species Onychostoma lini was determined using polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced with primer walking method. The complete mitogenome was 16,595 bp in length, containing 37 genes of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The gene order and composition of O. lini was similar to most other fishes. The descending order of the base composition on heavy strand was 31.6% A, 27.9% C, 24.6% T, and 15.9% G, with a relatively lower level of G and a slight AT bias of 56.2%. The codon usage followed the typical vertebrate mitochondrial pattern (ATG or GTG for start codon and TAA or TAG for stop codon). The complete mitogenome sequence of O. lini provides fundamental data for further conversation genetics and captive breeding studies on this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete sequence of the Neotropic cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) mitochondrial DNA was obtained by the shotgun sequencing approach. The mitogenome is 19 042 bp in length and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, a control region and a duplicated region of 2418 bp. The base composition is 32.1% for C, 31.8% for A, 22.6% for T and 13.4% for G, with an overall GC content of 45.5%. This is the first mitogenome of theP. brasilianusdescribed and will be a useful tool for further phylogenetic and population genetic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), the largest of the true falcons, was characterized using next generation sequencing. The mitogenome was 18 218 bp long, and comprised of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA and two non-coding regions; a control region (D-loop) harboring two tandem repeats 80 bp and 56 bp long and a pseudo-control region (ΨD-loop) with a tandem repeat 27 bp long. All genes were encoded on the + strand except ND6 and 8 tRNA genes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence ofHyla ussuriensis(Anura: Hylidae) is first determined using long PCR. It is a circular molecule of 18 023 bp in length (GenBank accession no. KT964710). Similar to the typical mtDNA of amphibians, the complete mtDNA sequence ofHyla ussuriensiscontained two rRNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and a control region (D-loop). The nucleotide composition was 29.9% A, 25.4% C, 14.5% G, and 30.2% T. Mitochondrial genomes analyses based on NJ method yield phylogenetic trees, indicating 13 reported Anura frogs belonging to five families (Hylidae, Bufonidae, Microhylidae, Ranidae, and Rhacophoridae). These molecular data presented here provide a useful tool for systematic analyses of genusHylaand family Hylidae. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

ThePlacidochromis longimanus(P. longimanus), one species of Cichlidae, resides in the Lake Malawi in East Africa. In present study, for the first time, we reported the complete mitochondrial genome ofP. longimanus,which has 16 581 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 control zone. Moreover, its GC content is 45.99% (27.44% A, 26.58% T, 30.11% C, and 15.87% G), similar to that ofAstatotilapia calliptera(the GC content of 45.90%). We further made the phylogenetic tree on the complete mitochondrial genomes of the above two species and other 11 closely related species to show their phylogenic relationship. The above results would facilitate our understanding of the evolution of Cichlidae mitochondrial genome. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Sheep is one of the most important and widespread domestic animals. Nevertheless, the origins of most sheep breeds are poorly understood, specifically the fat-tailed sheep that maternally originates from a specific group. Here, we reported the whole mitochondrial DNA of Ujumuqin sheep (Ovis aries), derived from one of the oldest fat-tailed sheep breed-Mongolian sheep in China. It harbors 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a D-Loop region. The mitogenome is 16 617 bp in length, with a homology of 50% between the mitogenome of Ujumuqin sheep and that of Texel sheep. The unveiling of the mitochondrial DNA sequence of Ujumuqin sheep will have a significant role to play in the further studies on sheep evolution and domestication. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

AlthoughHepialus xiaojinensisis important as the host ofOphiocordyceps sinensis, it remains poorly known especially in genetic structure and phylogeny status. To get a better understanding of it, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence ofH. xiaojinensiswas sequenced for the first time. The genome was 15 397 bp in size and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and an AT-rich region, and the gene composition and the arrangement of which were consistent with other insects of Hepialidae. The base composition of the genome was A (41.44%), T (39.68%), C (11.52%), and G (7.36%), with an AT content of 81.13%. Moreover, we have performed phylogenetic analysis ofH. xiaojinensisand other 11 Lepidoptera species. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The mitogenome of an Australian sample of the mudskipper,Periophthalmus minutus,was recovered from partial sequencing using the MiSeq sequencer. This mudskipper has a mitogenome of 16,506 base pairs (55% A + T content) made up of two ribosomal subunit genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a 838 bp non-coding AT-rich region. This is the first sequenced mitogenome for the genusPeriophthalmusand the fifth for the subfamily Oxudercinae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first complete mitochondrial genome sequence ofPhrynocephalusviviparity was determined for the toad-headed lizardPhrynocephalus theobaldi orientalis.The 16,608 bp mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 2 control regions (CRs). The overall base composition of H-strand is T: 26.7%, C: 24.5%, A: 37.6%, G: 11.2%. The gene arrangement and composition ofP. theobaldi orientaliswas similar to other published mitochondrial genomes ofPhrynocephalusoviparity, except thattRNA-PheandtRNA-Prowere exchanged. The control region comprised two parts, one betweentRNA-ThrandtRNA-Pheand another betweentRNA-Proand12S RNA. The complete mitogenome sequence ofP. theobaldi orientalisprovided fundamental data for resolving phylogenetic and genetic problems related toPhrynocephalusviviparity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the northeastern red deer,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus, was determined by accurate polymerase chain reaction. The entire genome is 16,416 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region, all of which are arranged in a typical vertebrate manner. The overall base composition of the northeastern red deer’s mitochondrial genome is 33.3% of A, 24.3% of C, 28.9% of T and 13.5% of G. A termination-associated sequence and several conserved central sequence block domains were discovered within the control region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report the complete mitochondrial genome ofLeiolepis reevesii(Sauria, Agamidae), which is a circular molecule of 16,908 bp in size and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a control region. The A+T content of overall base composition of H-strand is 59.8% (T: 25.1%, C: 27.5%, A: 34.7%, G: 12.7%). Some short microsatellite-like repeat regions (polyA and polyT) are scattered in the control region. All the results provide powerful data to further study of the molecular systematics, species identification and conservation genetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the oriental soleBrachirus orientaliswas presented in this study. It is 16,600 bp in length, contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region. A total of 28 bp short overlaps and 23 bp non-coding intergenic spacers were found in the mitogenome. The overall base composition of the L-strand is 30.5% A, 28.7% C, 15.2% G and 25.6% T. Two start codons (ATG and GTG) and three stop codons (AGG, TAG and TAA/T) were found in the protein-coding genes. Twenty-two tRNA genes ranged from 66 bp to 75 bp. Since the tRNA-Ser2lacks the dihydrouridine arm it can not fold into a typical cloverleaf structure. The control region demonstrates the highest A+T content (66.4%) and the lowest G content (11.8%) in the mitogenome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wavyband solePseudaesopia japonicais the only known member of the genusPseudaesopia. In this study, we firstly determined the complete mitochondrial genome ofP. japonica. It is 16,789 bp in length and contains two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and one putative control region with the typical gene order and transcriptional direction in vertebrates. The overall base composition of mitogenome inP. japonicais 28.4% A, 30.3% C, 15.6% G and 25.7% T. Two start codons (ATG and GTG) and four stop codons (AGA, AGG, TAG and TAA) were found in 13 protein-coding genes. The 22 tRNAs range from 67 bp (tRNA-Cysand tRNA-Tyr) to 75 bp (tRNA-Lys) in length. The control region is 1120 bp in length, representing a higher proportion of A + T (65.3%) while lower of G (12.0%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the northeastern sika deer,Cervus nippon hortulorum, was determined by accurate polymerase chain reaction. The entire genome is 16,434 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region, all of which are arranged in a typical vertebrate manner. The overall base composition of the northeastern sika deer’s mitochondrial genome is 33.3% of A, 24.5% of C, 28.7% of T and 13.5% of G. A termination associated sequence and several conserved central sequence block domains were discovered within the control region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the peacock solePardachirus pavoninuswas firstly determined in this study. It is 16,537 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and one control region with the typical gene order in vertebrates. There are 26 bp overlaps and 28 bp short intergenic spaces located in 7 and 11 gene junctions, respectively. The overall nucleotide composition of the L-strand is 29.1% A, 29.5% C, 16.4% G and 25.0% T. The 22 tRNAs range from 65 bp (tRNA-Cys) to 74 bp (tRNA-Val, tRNA-Leu1, tRNA-Lysand tRNA-Thr) in length. Two start codons (ATG and GTG) and two stop codons (AGG and TAA/T) were found in 13 protein-coding genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the commercially important snout otter clamLutraria rhynchaenawas obtained from low-coverage shotgun sequencing data on the MiSeq platform. TheL. rhynchaenamitogenome has 16,927 base pairs (69% A + T content) and made up of 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a 953 bp non-coding AT-rich region. This is the first mitogenome to be sequenced from the genusLutraria,and the seventh to be reported for the family Mactridae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence ofBelligobio nummifer, which is known as a cyprinid fish in mainland China, with a long polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The total length ofB. nummifermitogenome is 16,610 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a noncoding control region. The overall base composition ofB. nummiferis 29.74% for A, 26.12% for T, 17.18% for G, and 26.97% for C, with a slight AT bias of 55.86%. The complete mitogenomic data may provide more informative for phylogenetic approach for gudgeons phylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome ofTrachinotus blochiiwas determined using the polymerase chain reaction. The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence is 16,558 bp in length. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two rRNA genes and two non-coding regions. Overall base composition of its mitochondrial genome is estimated to be 29.21% for A, 15.74% for G, 26.49% for T, 28.56% for C, respectively, with a high A + T content (55.70%). The control region contains three conserved sequence blocks, a termination-associated sequence and a TATA box. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence ofT. blochiican provide a basic data for the studies on population structure, molecular systematic, stock evaluation and conservation genetics. It is also helpful to develop the rational management strategies forT. blochiiresource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The whale sharkRhincodon typus(Pisces: Chondrichthyes, Orectolobiformes, Rhincodontidae) is the largest living fish on Earth. In this study, we presented its complete mitogenome. It is 16,928 bp in length, contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and one control region with the typical gene order and transcriptional direction in the vertebrates. Overall base composition of theR. typusmitogenome is 33.5% A, 24.3% C, 12.8% G and 29.5% T. Two start codon (GTG and ATG) and two stop codon patterns (TAG and TAA/T) were found in protein-coding genes. The tRNA-Ser2could not be folded into the typical cloverleaf secondary structure because of the replacement of its dihydrouridine arm by a simple loop. A termination associated sequences (TAS) and three conserved sequence blocks (CSB1-3) were identified in the control region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the swallowtail butterflyPapilio syfaniushas been completed. It is 15,359 bp, and contains the typical complement of 13 protein-coding (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) and 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Two A + T-rich regions are included in this mitogenome. The nucleotide composition is very similar to other insects, showing a high bias towards A + T, especially the control region (92.8%). Gene order inP. syfaniusmitogenome is basically identical to that of the inferred ancestral insect genome, with the exception of translocations oftrnM, which is common in genusPapilio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silver gemfishRexea solandriis an important economic resource but Vulnerable to overfishing in Australian waters. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence is described from 1.6 million reads obtained via next generation sequencing. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,350 bp comprising 2 rRNA, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA and 2 non-coding regions. The mitogenome sequence was validated against sequences of PCR fragments and BLAST queries of Genbank. Gene order was equivalent to that found in marine fishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the conservationally significant Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica) was obtained from low-coverage shotgun sequencing using the MiSeq sequencer. TheM. australasicamitogenome has 16,496 base pairs (55% A + T content) made up of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a 819 bp non-coding AT-rich region. This is the first mitogenome sequence for the genusMacquaria, and the third to be reported for the family Percichthyidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercial freshwater crayfishCherax quadricarinatuscomplete mitochondrial genome was recovered from partial genome sequencing using the MiSeq Personal Sequencer. The mitogenome has 15,869 base pairs consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a non-coding AT-rich region. The base composition ofC. quadricarinatusis 32.16% for T, 23.39% for C, 33.26% for A, and 11.19% for G, with an AT bias of 65.42%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of a highland freshwater crayfish,Cherax monticola, was recovered by shotgun sequencing. The mitogenome consists of 15,917 base pairs containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding AT-rich region. The base composition ofC. monticolais 33.46% for T, 21.48% for C, 33.71% for A and 11.35% for G, with an AT bias of 67.17%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we determined the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the yellowtail clownfishAmphiprion clarkiiusing eight consensus primer pairs with a long PCR technique. The circular mtDNA molecule was 16,976 bp in size and the overall nucleotide composition of the H-strand was 29.15% A, 26.15% T, 15.67% G and 29.03% C, with an A + T bias. The complete mitogenome contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs and 1 control region (D-loop), and the gene order was typical of vertebrate mitogenomes. We determined five complete continuity tandem repeat units and one imperfect tandem repeat, all located downstream in the control region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we determined the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the orange clownfishAmphiprion percula. The circular mtDNA molecule was 16,645 bp in size and the overall nucleotide composition of the H-strand was 29.20% A, 25.80% T, 16.03% G and 28.98% C, with an A + T bias. The complete mitogenome encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs and 1 control region (D-loop), with the gene arrangement and translation direction basically identical to other typical vertebrate mitogenomes. The similarity of the complete mitogenomes betweenA. perculaandA. ocellaris(AP006017) was 95.60%, clearly different at molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the brown guitarfishRhinobatos schlegeliiis presented for the first time in this study. It is 16,780 bp in length, consisting 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 1 putative control region with the typical gene order and direction of transcription in vertebrates. The overall base composition is 32.1% A, 26.3% C, 13.2% G and 28.3% T. Two start codon (GTG and ATG) and two stop codon patterns (TAG and TAA/T) were found in protein-coding genes. The 22 tRNA genes ranged from 67 (tRNA-Ser2) to 75 (tRNA-Leu1) bp in length. The origin of L-strand replication (OL) was between tRNA-Asnand tRNA-Cysgenes within the WANCY region. The tRNA-Ser2could not be fold into the typical cloverleaf secondary structure because of the replacement of its dihydrouridine arm by a simple loop. The control region was 1089 bp in length with high A + T content (64.0%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of half-spined barbel Acrossocheilus hemispinus has been amplified and sequenced by employing long polymerase chain reaction method. The mitogenome, consisting of 16,590 base pairs (bp), had the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a noncoding control region (CR). CR of 940 bp length is located between tRNAPro and tRNAPhe. The overall base composition of A. hemispinus is 31.2% for A, 28.2% for C, 24.4% for T and 15.9 % for G, with a slight AT bias of 55.6%. The complete mitogenome may provide rather essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic analysis for not only congeneric species but also higher different taxa of Cyprinid fishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Japanese wobbegong Orectolobus japonicus was presented in this study. It is 16,706 bp in length with the typical gene composition and arrangement in the mitochondrial genome of vertebrates. The overall base composition is 32.6% A, 24.0% C, 13.3% G and 30.1% T. Two start codons (ATG and GTG) and two stop codons (TAG and TAA) were found in protein-coding genes. The tRNA- Ser2 lacks the dihydrouridine arm and cannot be folded into a typical cloverleaf structure. One termination associated sequence (TAS) and three conserved sequence blocks (CSB1-3) were found in the control region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Chinese lake gudgeon Sarcocheilichthys sinensis was first determined in this study. It is a circular DNA double strand of 16,684 bp in length, encodes genes for 13 proteins, 2 ribosomal RNA subunits, 22 transfer RNAs and an A + T-rich control region with the typical gene order in vertebrate mitogenomes. Overall nucleotide composition is 30.5% A, 26.6% C, 16.7% G and 26.3% T. Three start codons (ATG, GTG and ATA) and three stop codons (TAG, TAA and T) were found in all protein-coding genes. The tRNA- SerAGY lacked the dihydrouridine arm and could not fold into typical cloverleaf secondary structure. The origin of L-strand replication was identified between the tRNA- Asn and tRNA- Cys genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we sequenced the first complete mitochondrial genome of Tetrigoidea species, Alulatettix yunnanensis. The circle genome (15,104 bp) consists of 13 protein-coding, 22 transfer RNA, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and an A+T-rich region. It has the typical invertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]